Qiang people mainly live in Sichuan Province in southwest China, including Maoxian, Wenchuan and Lixian in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County and Pingwu County in Mianyang, and the rest are scattered in Songpan, Heishui and Jiuzhaigou counties in Aba Prefecture. A few Danba, Dujiangyan and Ya 'an cities in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture are located in jiangkou county and Shiqian counties in Guizhou Province, ningqiang county and Lueyang counties in Hanzhong City in Shaanxi Province and parts of Fengxian County in Baoji City.
Today's Qiang people are one of the ancient Qiang people who retain their names and some traditional cultures. With the Han, Tibetan, Yi, Naxi, Bai, Hani, Bo, Pumi, Jingpo, Lahu and Jino, they are brothers, and they all have the lineage of some Yellow Emperor tribes. Qiang people regard Zun as a great hero who destroyed the Shang Dynasty and revived Qiang, but a direct descendant of the surname Ji of Huangdi, so Qiang people are descendants of Huangdi. Dayu is also a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor. It can be said that Han and Qiang are of the same origin, and Qiang is also a descendant of the Chinese people.
"Shuo Wen Wen Yang Bu": "The shepherd of Dayu Xiqiang is also a sheep, and the sheep are also vocal." Qiang, which belongs to him, was the general name of all nomadic peoples in the west (Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet and Sichuan) by the tribes in the Central Plains at that time. Therefore, it can be said with certainty that the frontier ethnic group is by no means a single ethnic group. They have different ethnic tribes, languages, costumes and customs. The only similarity may be the nomadic lifestyle of "living by weeds", but the word Qiang has been circulated and quoted.
Qin Shihuang was born in Tianshui, Gansu, the former residence of Qiang people. Tianshui Qiang people belong to Qin family, and Professor Meng identified them as "Qin Wei Rong, no doubt". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it moved eastward to Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, and issued a decree prohibiting the use of troops against Qiang and Rong tribes in the west.
In the Han Dynasty, the Qiang people in Sichuan established the Qiang State of Yak Tsing Yi, which governs Xichang, Ganzi, Ya 'an and Leshan, with Lingguan Town in Baoxing County as its capital. During the Western Han Dynasty, the population of Qiang people in Hanyang (Tianshui), Jincheng (Lanzhou), Anbeidi and Longxi counties in northwest China reached 259,990 households, with 100 1802 people. During the Western Han Dynasty, Qiang people lived in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces, with a population of 6.5438+0.2 million, accounting for 654.38+0/4 of the national population (at that time, the national population was 59.95 million). By the time of the Sixteen Countries in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people in the northwest had successively established Cheng (Cheng Han), Qian Qin, Xia, and Hou Zhao, but all of them were short-lived and lacked vitality and influence.
In 88 1 year (at the end of the Tang dynasty), the Tangut Qiang people established the Zhou Xia regime in Zhou Xia (now Baichengzi at the junction of Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi), which governed the four states of Xia, Sui, Yin and Yi. Xia Guo is a country with Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Qingdangxiang Qiang as the main body, including other ethnic groups in the northwest. There are eight clans in the Tangut Qiang nationality: Xifeng clan, Feiting clan, Wang Li clan, Manchao clan, Ye Li clan, Mishuo clan and Tuoba clan, among which Tuoba clan is the strongest and plays a leading role. After being invaded by Tubo, he applied to the Tang government to move to Shaanxi and Ningxia.
In A.D. 103 1 year, the 11th Taizu Li Deming died, and his son succeeded to the throne, named Xia. In A.D. 1032, Yuan Hao changed his surname to the Ming family, calling himself "Woods" (Qing), with the title "Daxia" (because he was in the west of the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty was called "Xixia"), and the year was the first year of Xia Enlightenment. The territory of Xixia includes most of Gansu, all of Ningxia, northwestern Shaanxi, parts of Qinghai and Inner Mongolia, with a total jurisdiction of * * * * 32 States and its capital of Xingqing House (now Yinchuan). In A.D. 1226, Temujin, a Mongolian, led the troops to attack the summer. The following year, the Mongolian army destroyed Zhucheng in the summer, and the people suffered heavy casualties. In order to avoid more casualties and losses of the people, Xia Emperor surrendered at the end of 2 1 century. Mongolian generals respected Temujin's legacy, killed Xia Jian and destroyed the tomb of Daxia. At this point, Daxia Kingdom perished in 346 and 1227, and its descendants are still distributed in Taopingxiang, Lixian County, Aba Prefecture and Danba, Ganzi Prefecture.