The history of Chinese is called Chinese history, which includes three parts: the history of Chinese pronunciation, the history of Chinese grammar and the history of Chinese vocabulary. Chinese history is a science that studies Chinese phenomena and their inherent laws, including phonology, grammar, lexical phenomena and their historical evolution.
Chinese name
history of chinese language
Foreign name
history of chinese language
content
History of Chinese phonetics, grammar and vocabulary.
definition
Study China phenomenon and its inherent law
Research hotspot
History of Chinese phonetics
quick
navigate by water/air
Characteristics and performance
Research hotspot
Ancient linguist
Historical stages of China
The first division method
According to the phonetic materials he studied and referring to the changes of historical dynasties, the history of Chinese phonetics can be divided into pre-Qin (-206 BC), Han (206 BC-220 AD), Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220-58 1), Sui-Middle Tang (58 1-836) and Late Tang and Five Dynasties. Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-191) and modern times (191-) are divided into nine stages.
The second division method
Traditional phonology once divided the history of Chinese pronunciation for thousands of years into four stages: ancient, medieval, modern and modern.
Characteristics and performance
Roughly before the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was an ancient period. If China people at this stage became independent, they would be primitive China people. The Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties were in ancient times, and the phonetic structure of ancient sounds was complicated from beginning to end, and there might be consonant disyllabic and vowel disyllabic situations. Wei, Jin, Six Dynasties, Sui and Early Tang Dynasties were the early Middle Ages. In the early Middle Ages, the common tone in the consonants of polyphonic consonants has evolved into the middle tone of syllables, the fricative component at the end of the rhyme has disappeared, and the suprasegmental component has risen from an accompanying state to a distinctive feature characterized by pitch (flat) and sound length (smooth). The pronunciation of Putonghua is a structural mode in which the five syllables of "CMMVE" are matched with the suprasegmental segments of "entering tone on the flat". In the late Middle Tang and Five Dynasties, the phonetic structure was the same as that in the early Middle Ages, but the four tones of "Shangru" differentiated with the change of the nature of the voiced initials, and the phonology changed a lot. Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties are modern times, and the modern pattern of Chinese dialects has been basically formed at the turn of the Middle Ages and Modern Times. The syllable structure of standard words and sounds is shaped as "CMVE" four-segment, a large number of phonemes merge and differentiate, the types of initial consonants and vowels decrease, the voiced initial consonants gradually merge with the voiced initial consonants, and the entering vowels gradually weaken, so the tone combination is simplified, and the word sound structure is also simplified.
Research hotspot
In the history of Chinese, the history of Chinese phonetics takes precedence over the history of Chinese vocabulary and grammar. Only by understanding the history of Chinese phonetics can we make clear the history of Chinese grammar and vocabulary.
Ancient linguist
Xunzi (about 303 BC-238 BC), also known as Xunzi and Zhao in the Warring States Period. He has been to Qi and Qin countries. In his later years, Chun was called into Chu by Shen Jun as the Lanling Order. Xunzi was a famous thinker at the end of the Warring States period, and he was a master of all the philosophers. Xunzi's linguistic thought is mainly embodied in Zhengmingpian. This paper focuses on the relationship between words and concepts, language and thinking, dialect and common language, and points out that the relationship between "name" and "reality" is "established", which correctly reveals the social essence of language and is the first theoretical cornerstone of China's ancient language research.
Yang Xiong (53 BC-AD 18), also known as Yang Xiong, was born in Chengdu (now Chengdu, Sichuan), a Shu county in the Western Han Dynasty. He is a poet, philosopher and linguist. He is a stutterer and can't talk about drama, but he is eager to learn and think. Good at Ci Fu, official to the Yellow Gate, experienced success, love and peace in san huang. When Xin Mang called for a doctor, he died of poverty and disease. His works include Qi Xuan's Envoys Explaining Other Dialects, Xunbian, Biezi, Biography of Cang Xie, Fayan, Taixuan, Ganquan Fu, Changyang Fu and Hunting Feather Fu. Among them, Dialect, 15 (this edition 13 1 1900), which lasted for 27 years, preserved a lot of precious ancient Chinese words and dialect materials. It is not only the first monograph on dialectology in the history of China, but also plays an important role in the history of world linguistics, which has been passed down to this day.