When people talk about "Wei Dynasty", they think of "Cao Wei", which is mainly the contribution of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The story of the Three Kingdoms has long been deeply rooted in people's hearts, and Wei Shuwu is a household name. "Northern Wei", "Western Wei" and "Eastern Wei" are often difficult to mention, because their stories have not been circulated so far, nor have they been strengthened by far-reaching literary works, and they are political powers established by ethnic minorities, which were rarely discussed by feudal orthodox scholars in the past.

Brief introduction of "Wei Dynasty" in history;

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei Dynasty (12,220,10-02,266), also known as Cao Wei, was the most powerful of the three kingdoms. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and Cao Cao's power gradually increased in the melee of warlords, controlling the court of the Eastern Han Dynasty and laying the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei. In the first year of Yankang (220), after Cao Cao died in Luoyang, Cao Pi, the son of Cao Cao, forced Xian Di to abdicate and usurp the Han regime. He became emperor in Luoyang and Cao Wei was established. In the first year of Yanxing (265), Wei was usurped, the title of the country was changed to Jin, and Cao Wei died. Because Cao Wei occupied the vast Central Plains area north of the Yangtze River among the three countries, with dense population and developed economy, its strength was far superior to that of Shu Han and Wu Dong. The most important reform in the Cao Wei period was Chen Qun's "Nine-grade Zhengzhi System", which had a far-reaching impact on Wei and Jin politics.

The Northern Wei Dynasty (386 ~ 557) was a feudal dynasty established by the Tuoba people of Xianbei nationality, and it was the first dynasty of the Northern Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, also known as the post-Wei, Tuoba Wei and Wei Yuan. At the beginning of the 4th century AD, Tuoba Department of Xianbei nationality established Daiguo in northern Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. It was destroyed by the former Qin Dynasty in 376. In 386, Tuoba GUI, the leader of Tuoba Department, rebuilt the country, changed its name to Wei and made its capital Pingcheng. In 439, the north was unified. In 493, Emperor Xiaowen Tuoba Hong moved the capital to Luoyang, and the emperor changed his surname to Yuan. In 534, it was divided into Eastern Wei and Western Wei. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Buddhism rose, developed unprecedentedly, moved the capital to Luoyang, and changed customs, which promoted the feudalization and national integration of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

One of the Northern Dynasties in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (534-550), a separatist regime split from the Northern Wei Dynasty. Du Ye lived as an emperor for about seventeen years. Duye (now Anyang area) includes the eastern part of Runan, Henan Province, which was ruled by the Northern Wei Dynasty, north of Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province and east of Luoyang, Henan Province. In 534 AD, Xiu Yuan, Emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty established by Gao Huan, was unwilling to be a puppet emperor, and was forced to flee to Guanzhong and defected to Yu Wentai, the warlord of Guanlong. Gao Huan made Yuan Shan, the great grandson of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, who was only eleven years old, the Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty. During Gao Huan's reign, the situation of land annexation was serious, and the social and ethnic contradictions were sharp, and he was repeatedly defeated by Yu Wentai, the old enemy of the Western Wei Dynasty. In 550, Emperor Xiaojing Chan was located in Levin, the son of Gao Huan, and the Eastern Wei Dynasty perished.

The Western Wei Dynasty (535-556) was a northern dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Yuan Baoju, the grandson of Emperor Xiaowen of Wei, was made emperor by Yu Wentai, who opposed the Eastern Wei Dynasty controlled by Gao Huan and made Chang 'an his capital. It was replaced by the Northern Zhou Dynasty in 557, and experienced two generations of san huang, which lasted for 22 years. In 535, after Yu Wentai poisoned Emperor Wei Xiaowu, he established Wang Yuanbao House in Nanyang, the grandson of Emperor Wei Xiaowen, Wei Zhaowen, and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Datong, with Chang 'an as its capital, and the Western Wei Dynasty began. In March of 55 1 year, Yuanbaoju died and his eldest son Qin Yuan succeeded to the throne. Qin Yuan was abandoned by Yu Wentai in 554 and was poisoned soon. Yuan Kuo, the fourth son of Yuanbaoju, ascended the throne, which was called the first year. In order to cater to the Hu Hua movement in Yu Wentai, he was forced to change his surname to Tuoba. In the third year of Gong Wei (556), Yu Wentai died of illness and was succeeded by his nephew Yuwen Hu. In 557, with the support of general Yu Wenzhu, Gong Wei was forced to surrender to Yu Wenjue, and the Western Wei Dynasty perished. Throughout the Western Wei Dynasty, Yu Wentai, the powerful minister, always held the political power. With his efforts, he appointed Su Chuo and others to carry out reforms and adopted the strategy of attacking the south from the north, which further strengthened the Western Wei Dynasty. Even attacked Chengdu and Nanliang, and seized the territory of Jingyang and Xichuan in the Southern Dynasties. The northern economy gradually recovered, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the Eastern Wei army was defeated in three wars (the most famous of which was the battle between Wei and Sha Yuan), which laid the foundation for the unification of northern China in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and China in the Sui Dynasty.