Include temperature, precipitation, wind, solar radiation, etc. Temperature: The formation of snowmelt flood is closely related to temperature. In spring, when the temperature rises, the snow begins to melt, forming meltwater.

Precipitation: Precipitation is also one of the important factors in the formation of snowmelt flood. When snow melts, rainfall will accelerate the melting of snow and increase the yield of meltwater.

Wind power: Strong wind can accelerate the melting and evaporation of snow and increase the output of meltwater. Wind will also affect the distribution and intensity of precipitation, thus affecting the formation of snowmelt flood.