Probe into the origin of Liang surname
About the word "beam":
The word "Liang" was used by Liang, and its earliest meaning was closely related to civil engineering construction. "Liang" is a small bridge with flowing water and a fishing dam. In Hancheng, Shaanxi, where the ancestors of Liang lived, there are many "Liangshan" shaped like bridges, with seven ditches and eight beams. No beam can make a mountain.
"The Book of Songs" Volume 6 "Elegant? Daming said: "Building a ship as a beam does not show its light." "Mandarin? Zhou Zhong said, "Go to the Tao in September and become a beam in October." The "beam" here is a bridge built on the river, so its note says: "It is convenient for people to become a beam, so it does not involve others." With the small bridge, people don't need to wade barefoot, which of course brings great convenience to the people. In ancient times, the word "beam" not only had the meaning of bridge, but also the meaning of river bank. Kaifeng, located on the old Yellow River in Henan Province, is known as the "girder" in history. It is so called not because there is a bridge here, but because there are many large low dams and weirs there, which can be used for fishing to satisfy people's appetite. "The Book of Songs" Volume II "Tai? Gu Feng said, "Don't let me die, don't let me die. "The' beam' here is the' fish beam', which is a short weir built by the river. Standing by the short weir, you can fish loach and other small fish with bamboo rafts. Confucius had a student named Liang (fish+quiver-page). " Hun is a small fish such as loach and eel. Did everything wrong? "There is a cloud in the seven techniques of" The Theory of Zang Zang ":"Like a snake, a silkworm is like a scorpion. " Therefore, Confucius students should connect the word "Liang" with the word "Xun" to express their names.
There is a short weir for fishing in the old course of the Yellow River, which is impossible in xia yang, which is located in the northwest loess plateau. After winning the surname, he was named Liang Bo in xia yang, mainly because there is a well-known "Liangshan". "Yu Gong" contains "Ruling Liang Qi State". "The Book of Songs" Volume 6 "Elegant? Han Yi has "Yi Yi Dan Liang, Wei Yudian". Liangshan belonged to the same state capital in ancient times, which is now hancheng city, Shaanxi Province.
There are five main sources of Liang surname:
First, it comes from the surname of Won, and then comes from emperors such as Sun Boyi and Zhuan Xu.
According to the Records of Yuanhe's Canon, the name of Bo Yi, who won, was passed on to Sun Feizi in16th century. Zhou was very happy because of his good grazing, so he was appointed as the vassal state of Qin Valley and given the name of Qin King. His great-grandson, Qin Zhong, a doctor in Zhou Xuanwang, was unfortunately killed when he conquered Xirong. Qin Zhong's five sons, with the consent of Zhou Xuanwang, led seven troops to fight Xirong again. Finally, victory was achieved and the occupied territory was recovered. I was overjoyed, so I added official fiefs to Qin Zhong's five sons one by one, and sealed the second son Kang in xia yang, Liangshan (now south of Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province), which was founded as Lu and called Liang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Liang Bo, a descendant of Liang, liked to build large buildings. Overwhelmed, ordinary people fled abroad. In 64 1 BC, Liang was conquered in order to be saved by in the name of people, and later people took the country as their surname, which was called Liang in history. It's for Liang's family in Shaanxi.
"Shen Yin Hou Ji? Qi's "Zen Forest Collection Ni Jing's Practice" says: "Liang was born in Boming and later assisted Yu in water control, so he took Yan as his surname. Zhou Feng, Sun Feizi was in Qin on the 16th. His great grandson, Qin Zhong, announced that Wang Houbo had moved to the east and sealed Qin Zhong's youngest son, Liang Bo. During the Han Jing period, Lin Liang was the magistrate of Taiyuan and moved to Urumqi in the north to become a county magistrate. " It can be seen that the surname-Boming-Feizi-Qin Zhong-Liang Bo comes down in one continuous line, and the surname Liang was formed in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the myths and legends such as Shan Hai Jing, the family is the legendary leader of Dongyi tribe, named Zhi (Izzo Zhi) and Jin. His mother's name is Huang E and his father is his son, that is, the essence of Taibai. Once, the essence of Taibai came to earth and landed on the coast of the West Sea. On the water side, she met an emperor with a good face. They fell in love with each other at first sight, so they played wonderful games and played beautiful music. They play and indulge themselves until sunset, and then they feel hungry and hungry. The two of them went to the forest to pick mulberries to quench their thirst. I didn't expect the solitary mulberry leaves, red leaves and purple leaves on the coast of the West Sea to live forever, and they can live forever after eating them. After eating, they put osmanthus trees as a table, smoked grass as a sigh, and jade carvings as pigeons on the table as an eternal commemoration of their love. Then, they went boating on the sea, "full of ventilation and beauty, singing the song of the clear moon", and spent a romantic and romantic time. Soon, the oriole became pregnant and gave birth to the crystallization of their love. He is Shao Hao's family.
Shao Hao's family can listen to birds and distinguish the sounds of animals, so he can talk freely with all kinds of animals, tame livestock and become a respected leader in the tribe. Among the tribes headed by Shao Hao family, people take birds as totems, name officials after birds, establish industrial integrity and agricultural integrity, and manage handicrafts and agriculture.
Shao Hao's family has eight sons, and the world calls them "Eight Kai". Hao Tao is the heir of "Eight Kai", and Boming is the son of Hao Tao. Boming "can discuss the people, help Yu Shun tame animals and birds, and give her a surname". Zhong You, the descendant of "Bo", looks like a bird's head, which is the "Great E Royal" of Xia Emperor. Zhong originated, and Fei Zhongsheng originated from Alai and Ji Sheng. Zhou Wuwang attacked Shang Zhouwang and killed Eli. Another son, Ji Sheng, successfully won the surname and gave birth to Zhao Fu. Zhao Fu is an official around Zhou Muwang. When Zhou Muwang went to the Western Ocean, Yan Xu committed a crime and made an insurrection at home. Zhao Fu led Zhou Muwang's army to crusade against Yan Xu, and finally put down the rebellion. In recognition of Zhao Fu's meritorious military service, Zhou Muwang named Zhao Fu in Zhao Cheng because he thought Zhao Fu was his surname. Soon, Zhao Cheng fell, and he fled to Zhao Su, where he became a doctor of Jin Qing. This won surname, taking the country as its surname, changed its surname to Zhao, and belonged to the clan of King Wuling of Zhao.
E is dead, but there are descendants who are not children living in the world. He inherited his ancestors' ability to tame livestock and was named Zhou. At that time, the powerful Western Zhou regime had reached the end of its tether and its national strength was declining. Ethnic minorities took the opportunity to invade the border of the Zhou Dynasty and plunder the wealth and population of the Zhou Dynasty. In particular, Xirong, who was belligerent and tough, was predatory and intensified, burning, killing and looting, which became a menace to the Western Zhou Dynasty.
At the time of national disaster, Qin Zhong, as the great-grandson of Hou Bofei, was named Hou Bo by Zhou Xuanwang, shouldering the heavy responsibility of defending the country. It's a pity that Qin Zhong "died before going to war" and died just after a battle with Xirong.
Fortunately, there are five sons who can be good at fighting behind Qin Zhong. In order to avenge their father, they took the initiative to fight against the Zhou royal family, asking them to lead troops to the western expedition, suppress Xirong, recover lost land, and relieve the country's menace. Zhou Xuanwang quickly approved the request of Qin Zhong's five sons and gave them seven thousand thoroughbred war horses to fight against Xirong.
Qin Zhong Wu Zixu lived up to Zhou Xuanwang's painstaking efforts. He fought bravely against the enemy and defeated Xirong, and his reputation spread far and wide. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, in recognition of the outstanding exploits of the five brothers, Qin Zhong's eldest son was named Doctor Xi Huang, and his second son, Qin Kang, was named Liang Bo. His city was named Guo Liang in Liangshan, xia yang (now near hancheng city, Shaanxi). Liang Bo was overjoyed and often built large-scale buildings and palaces in fiefs, which made the people complain bitterly. In 64 BC1year, the army attacked Liang, and Liang fell apart. In order to remember their ancestors, the descendants of Liang Bo took Liang as their surname and formed the Liang family. Zheng Qiao, a poet in the Song Dynasty, also said in Tongzhi: "The surname Liang won, following Qin Zhong and Earl Boyi, who made great contributions, and named his youngest son Liangshan xia yang. Now he is a county in Tongzhou, and there is a new city. Xinli, where Liang Bo lives. " "History of Music" says: Xinli is in Chengcheng. In nineteen years, Qin took it, and the descendants took the country as their surname. "This part of Liang's family later moved to Hedong.
The second is from Ji's surname.
According to the History of the Road, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, his son Tang was sealed in Nanliang for seclusion (now southwest of Ruzhou City, Henan Province), and was later annexed by Chu, and his grandson took the country as his beam. Liang is outside. It's for Liang in Henan.
The latent husband theory? As the saying goes, "The sage Wang Guan, such as Gan Kun, learned the gods, explored the calendar of names, preserved the virtues and gave the surname Ming." This shows that the surname is a special title given by the king to the children of princes according to natural phenomena in recognition of their achievements. "Mandarin? It is recorded today: "The Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, surnamed fourteen and twelve. Ji, Yi, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Jian, Nuo, Gu, Yi, Yi also. "Ji was originally the surname of the Yellow Emperor, and only the descendants of the Yellow Emperor are eligible to inherit this surname. As a result, Xuantao and Changyi, two sons born to Lei Zu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, became the legal heirs of Ji's surname. Xiao Xuan, also known as Qingyang, lives in Changhe District. Changyi lived in the water, married the daughter of Shushan people, and gave birth to the Levins. Levin's surname is Zhuan Xu. Born in Ruoshui, living near the Emperor (now southeast of Puyang, Henan), he served as the official of Beizheng, mainly managing civil affairs. Levin later established the Western Zhou Dynasty at the end of Shang Dynasty, and implemented the enfeoffment system, which enfeoffed the descendants of Ji to all parts of China. Zhou Pingwang's son was sealed in Nanliang (now Longxi, Gansu), and his descendants took Liang as their surname. So Shao Si's "Family Name Solution" and "Guang Yun? Lu believes that Liang's surname evolved directly from Ji's surname, and he is an authentic descendant of the Yellow Emperor-another Liang's surname born and raised in Hedong.
The third is to sort families by city.
According to Tongzhi? According to the brief introduction of clans, there were three people in Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period: Liang Yier and He Liang. Because there were cities, sorghum, curved beams and other places in the Jin Dynasty, Yi was the surname. It's for the Liang family in Shanxi.
Liangjia in Hedong is also named after a place name. "Jin has a city, sorghum and curved beams, which is also the name of the city." (Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi") Therefore, some of the Liang surnames before the Liang family appeared in xia yang were Liang surnames in Hedong. Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period,,, Liang, etc. All belong to Liang's family in Hedong, which can be proved by records in various ancient books.
Yang Liang is a servant of Zhou Xuanwang Muzheng, who can tame all kinds of animals, so he was recruited by Zhou Xuanwang to raise tigers, wolves and other animals, and they are all very docile. Zhou Xuanwang asked Yang Liang for tips on taming animals. Yang Liang said, "I will not make animals angry against their demands, nor will I cater to their needs to make them happy. If I don't go against my will, I will be treated as the same kind by animals, so that I can communicate with each other. " The implication is to convey the strategy of governing the country to Zhou Xuanwang. When he was alive, xia yang's Liang surname had not yet been formed. This figure of Liang, who lives in the border, is probably from the Jin Dynasty, and some of them are from Xiayang, opposite the Yellow River.
The Jin people in Liang's works are either scholar-officials who make suggestions or fierce generals who lead troops to fight. They are both civil and military, and they were quite famous during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. There are two sonorous people in the state of Jin, one is the chariot officer of Duke Wu of Quwo, who once defeated Hou Ai in the water division and captured Hou Ai and Shu Luan * * *, which happened in the spring of the third year of Huan Gong (709 BC). Another Hongliang is Xiang Gong's doctor. According to Zuo Zhuan, in the thirty-third year (627 BC), the army of the State of Qin marched eastward to Zheng, but failed, so it sneaked away, snuffed it out and moved back to North Korea. This angered the Jin army, which fought against it and was defeated in ancient times (now in the west of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province). Baili, the son of the Prime Minister of Qin State, was captured alive and dealt a heavy blow to Qin Jun.
Liang was a doctor in the state of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period. When he was in power, he followed Rick's crusade and drove a chariot to defeat Di in Caisang (now Ningxian County, Shaanxi Province). Liang thinks Tijen has no sense of shame, and conniving at them is bound to pay the consequences. It is better to chase them and defeat them completely. Rick thought it was impossible, so he stopped. Later Tijen really invaded Jin again.
Because Liang's surname in Hedong is good at fighting, people are famous for their mutual cooperation. Later, it was moved to Gansu and Ningxia by the imperial court, forming the most famous surname of Liang of Anding Wu.
Fourth, from the whistle of the descendants of Wei.
According to the chronicle? Luo's family moved to Daliang (Kaifeng City, Henan Province) in 36 BC1year after Zhao, Wei and Han were divided into Jin in the early years of the Warring States Period. From then on, Wei was also called Liang, and later Liang. It belongs to Liang family in Kaifeng, Henan.
Wei was a vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Ji's surname is located in Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province. After conquering Wei, he turned it into a fief of Biwan. Wei Si, a descendant of Bi Wan, was divided into Jin with Han and Zhao, and was listed as a vassal, with Anyi (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) as its capital and the title of Wei. In order to avoid the threat of Qin, Wei moved the capital Liang, also known as Liang. The girder is Kaifeng, Henan today. When Wei Wenshi Hou Xiaozi finished, the state of Wei was destroyed by Qin, and the surname of Liang in Kaifeng was formed after the completion.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Minority changed their surname to Liang.
Xianbei nationality
Shu Wei? According to official records, one of the Xianbei people in the Northern Wei Dynasty was named Balie, and Emperor Xiaowen changed his surname to Liang. It can be seen that some of Liang's surnames were descendants of the Balie nationality of Xianbei nationality in those days.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Great Wall in northern China was inhabited by many nomadic peoples, among which the most representative ones were undoubtedly Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jiejie, Di and Qiang. Because the Huns intermarried with Liu's royal family many times in the Han Dynasty, their descendants gave up Hu's surname and changed to Liu's. Like Liu Yuan, Liu Cong, Liu Yao and others in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, they were all Huns who changed their surnames to Han. Emperor xiaowen of the northern Wei dynasty entered the central plains and vigorously promoted the reform of sinicization. A large number of Xianbei nobles began to speak Chinese, wear Hanfu and take Han as their surname. Yuanshi County, Shi, Mu, Lu, He, Liu, Lou, Ji and Wei are the top ten surnames in big noble. In this sinicization activity, Brelan, located in the north of Daibei, was changed to Liang. Therefore, the "Continued Textual Research" believes that "Liang has two surnames, and Bo Yi was later sealed in Liang, taking the country as his surname. There are also Braun who changed to Liang, and Wei also. " During this period, some Hu people changed their surnames to Liang, such as Liang Guoer and others. In the Qing Dynasty, Liang Jia, a Manchu who lived in Tieling for generations, changed his surname to Liang, adding a lot of fresh blood to Liang Jia.
the Mongol nationality
In Taotaibao Village, Ruyang County, Henan Province, there is a distinctive Liang family, which evolved from the descendants of the Mongolian royal family. The ancestor of this family is Timur in Yexian County, the fifth son of Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu. In the 17th year of Zhiyuan (1280), his son and Keqi succeeded to the title of king of Yunnan, and later changed to welcome the king. His daughter married the Mongolian king Shen.
The ancestor of Liang surname in Ruyang is Liang Biao, the second is He, the third is Liang Sian, the fourth is Liang Biao, and the fifth is Liang Biao. Liang Cheng served as the county magistrate of Qiantang, Zhejiang Province, and was appointed as the governor of Qiantang in the Ming Dynasty. He has three sons, the firstborn is Liang Ming, the second is Liang Yong, and the third is Liang Jian.
It is said that Liang Ming, a general from the official to the Western Regions in the history of the Ming Dynasty, named him Earl of Baoding. According to the "Famous Mountain Seal", "Liang Ming, a native of Ruyang, and his stepfather Yanshan kept 100 households, defended the war from Jingnan, and accumulated merits as the governor." In the first year of Hongxi (1425), he served as a general and left the town of Ningxia. He died soon. There is no record in the official history whether he was a general in the west.
Liang Ming's son, Liang Yao, inherited his father's knighthood and became a soldier in Jiaote. In the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), he served as deputy commander-in-chief, suppressing the peasant uprising launched by Deng, and was commended for his meritorious service. Unexpectedly, the remnants of Deng would rather die than surrender, and once again launched an uprising, which led to his demotion. Jingtai two years (145 1 year), Liang (Wang Jian)
As a "Pingman General", he went to Hunan and Guizhou to suppress Wei Tonglie's civil strife. After three years of hard work, he calmed down the civil strife. Therefore, after he entered, he added 500 epigraphy scholars. In the first year of Tianshun (1457), Liang (Wang Yong) was promoted to company commander, guarding Shaanxi, and made outstanding achievements in Liangzhou counterinsurgency. Seven years later, he was recalled by the imperial court, sealed in the world, and dedicated to Li Guogong after his death. Liang Yao has been in charge of military power many times and has never killed innocent people. His sons were all soldiers in the army, fought in the south and fought in the north, made many meritorious deeds, and were given important positions by the court, but they all resigned and were praised by the people at that time.
Liang Yong, the second son of Liang Cheng, later moved from Ruyang to Langzhong County, Baoning, Sichuan Province, to form Langzhong Liang. Liang Cheng also took her son to Sichuan, and Liang Cheng's wife took her son Liang Jian to Jiangning.
Liang Jian moved from Ruyang to Nanjing in the early Ming Dynasty, and then lived in jiangning house, Gexian Township. Due to the rapid reproduction of descendants and the prosperous population, Liang lived in Shaoshang Village, Shangshang Village, Dikou Village and Hushu Village, among which Hushu Village had the largest population and the greatest influence.
Hushu Villa is located about 80-90 miles south of Huicheng City. Just outside the Jubao Gate, there is a small river to reach. It takes a day to walk along the coast. The flat terrain and fertile land here are especially suitable for planting rice and mulberry trees. Most of the population is dominated by agriculture, and few people study and become officials. Liang Zhiren can be found in ancient books. According to Ming History, "Liang Zhiren was born in Nanjing and is also a descendant of Hou Ming in Baoding. At the end of Wanli, it was held in the countryside. Chongzhen six years, awarded Hengyang magistrate, transferred to Tianyi Luo. Haojiang Youlong communicated with thieves, and Zhiren was arrested and imprisoned. You Long knew that he would die, so he secretly guided Luo Rucai not to attack the city. Zhiren joined the classical historian Shan Siren to teach Wu Fenglai, punish Lu Dashou and supervise the garrison. When he entered the city, Zhiren fought in the street with a spear, killing six thieves, forcing them to bend their knees, making the thieves angrily break their limbs and burn them. His wife Tang was forced and cursed for being killed. Sai Ren and others will not give in to death. " So, "Ming Waishi? The Biography of Liang Zhiren mistook Liang Jian for Liang Ming, but it happened that they must be descendants of Liang Cheng and live in Ruyang, Henan. Liang Ming's descendants later moved to Baoding, Hebei Province, including Fu Liang, Ren Liang, Liang Yongfu, Liang, Liang Shixun and Tian Liang.
In the twentieth generation of Liang, Liang Baoshan's family moved to Guilin, Guangxi. On the way from Guilin to Hunan, Liang's old man fell ill and died on the boat. Just when Liang Jia was in a dilemma, he heard that there was a local Liang surname, so he went to visit. Upon inquiry, it turned out to be a brother and sister named Liang in Zunhua County, Baoding area. Liang gave generously to help them bury the old man, and his funeral was like a family member.
In the early years of Xianfeng, Hong Xiuquan and Yang launched the "jintian uprising" in Guangxi, and the Taiping Army attacked Guilin twice, causing great panic to Liang's family. Everyone wanted to escape, and his great-grandfather refused to move. It happened that Liang Chaoyi's children's in-laws were working in Yongchuan County, Hunan Province, so they took refuge in Jinmen. After leaving the army, he returned to Changsha with Liang's family, and soon took refuge in Liang and settled in Xiangtan.
Before and after this branch of Liang's, there were Jinshi 1 person, 9 people and 2 1 person. Third-level officials 1, fourth-level officials 1, officials above level 5 17, officials below level 8 15. There are 2 birthday girls over 90 years old, 8 birthday girls over 80 years old, 20 elderly people over 70 years old and 3 elderly people over 60 years old1person.
Tan changqiang
Qiang nationality is an ancient nation. Their ancestors were after Sanmiao. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, their ancestors fought against Shang and Zhou Dynasties with Zhou Wuwang. During the Han dynasty, Qiang people lived in the border areas of the Han dynasty for generations, constantly harassing the mainland and becoming a frontier disaster. Mainly distributed in Jincheng, Huining, Anxiang, Xiping and other places, living on weeds. "Custom Tong" said: "Qiang people are humble first, mainly herding sheep, so Qiang characters follow sheep." Their customs and habits are: "the clan is undecided, or the father's surname and mother's surname are used as the kind of names, and it is like the custom of the northern emperor marrying his stepmother, so the country is few and diverse." "Guang Zhi" said: "Qiang is the same as the Northern Emperor. He is stupid, forgives his wives and concubines and has many children. A person has dozens or even hundreds of children. " This special concept of fertility is undoubtedly a magic weapon for the Qiang people living in a harsh environment to reproduce and continue their race.
The ancestor of Liang surname of Qiang nationality is Liang Yue in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the northern history records it as "Liang Yue Xin". According to Zhou Shu? "Biography of Foreign Countries" records: "Those who have Liang musicians are the most handsome and strong-minded in the world, and call themselves Wang Yan. Its border is from the west of Qiu Chi, thousands of miles from east to west and 800 miles from south to north. It is mountainous and more than 20,000 people have fallen. Le Sunmi suddenly began to make envoys to the later Wei Dynasty. " Qiu Chi, located in Luogu Town, northwest of Chengxian County, Gansu Province, is an important settlement of Liang surname of Qiang nationality. According to historical records, his connection with the Central Plains began with Sun Liang, the son of Liang Le, and has been maintained for nine generations. Later, Liang and Zheng Wuchou, a native of Weizhou, launched an uprising against the Central Plains regime. The court sent Dou Luning and General Wang Yong to suppress the Dangchang Qiang riots. In the first year of Baoding (56 1), Liang Mi decided to send an envoy to negotiate peace. Before long, he sent the raw birds and beasts to please the Northern Zhou Dynasty. In the fourth year of Baoding (564), Liang Miding rebelled again and invaded Zhou Tao. Li Xian, the manager of Zhou Tao, expelled them. A year later, Liang Mi-ding and Tu Gu-hun invaded Shimen, and Li Xian once again bashed and expelled Dang Chang-qiang. Liang Miding's repeated harassment angered Yu Wenyong, Emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Emperor Wu of Zhou immediately sent a general, Tian Hong, to pursue Dangchang Qiang, annihilated most of them and changed his hometown to Dangzhou. Apart from a few scattered birds and animals, this Liang surname has gradually been sinicized after settling down.
Among other Qiang tribes, there are also many Liang surnames. "Wan Family Tree" records: "Liang Lan, (Dai Rui), Wei Jincheng, is a Xiqiang tribe." His great-grandfather Liang Mu was the tribal leader of Qiang nationality. Because he dedicated Bao Hancheng to the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was named Lintaogong by the Northern Wei Dynasty. His grandfather Liang (Page) was an official of Shangshu, named Nan 'an Gong. His father, Zhao Liang, was appointed as the secretariat of Hezhou and Huazhou, and was appointed as New Bai Yang. Liang Lan himself was brave and good at fighting, and made meritorious military service repeatedly, and was named Duke of Endershire.
Liang, a native of Tianshui, Gansu. Although they are ethnic minorities, they have accepted the advanced culture of the Han nationality in the process of national integration and become the most knowledgeable celebrities in the world. As the saying goes, "Kanto Hall, two applications and two rooms, not two beams, one chapter is beautiful."
According to the Records of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, Liang Shu was a hero of his clan, whose name was Bo Yan and Lueyang (now Tianshui, Gansu), and he was well-read. In order to write Lang, Shi Jian moved to Zhongshuling slightly. After Fu Jian acceded to the throne, Liang Shu was General Anyuan, Secretariat of Youzhou and Ji Cheng Town. Before long, he went to that middle school again.
Liang is a younger brother, and he is also famous for his elegance, but his fame and official position are not as good as his brother's.
Bianzu
The Di nationality, nicknamed "White Horse", is a different kind of Yi nationality in the west. The third generation established a nationwide system. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, generations have lived in Qilong area, which is close to Liang's birthplace, so there are many Liang surnames among the Di people.
Liang Ping, a native of Lueyang, was always a wise man and ordered a ban, so Wang Zuo's talent came into being. Fu Jian admired him very much and took care of him, and soon became best friends. When he was emperor, he was dissolute and extravagant, singing about wine. When he was drunk, he often went crazy by drinking and killed people at random, which made everyone feel insecure. At that time, Liang Ping served as an imperial advisor and had a sense of justice. He went to consult with Fu Jian first and decided to put him to death to save the country. Lao Liangping said: "Ministers spend ten years a day. If the Lord loses his virtue, he will go up and down, and people will be gay. The two sides of Yan and Jin are waiting for the gap, fearing that disaster will happen and the country will die. This is your highness's business. You should start as soon as possible. " Fu Jian thought that what Liang Ping said was reasonable, so he agreed to his action plan and found an opportunity to execute Yan Sheng. When Fu Jian acceded to the throne, Liang Ping was promoted to be the left servant of Shangshu, and was appointed as the plenipotentiary ambassador, commander-in-chief of the military operations of the northern Tibetan armies, and later promoted to the general of Zhenbei, adding three departments of Fuyi, making him the Northern Hou. In November of the eighth year of Jianyuan (372), Liang Ping died of overwork and called him Huan. Liang Ping has been in the town for more than ten years, and Xianbei and Xiongnu are afraid and love him, so they stay away from him. His son, Liang Cheng, once served as General Zhong Yi, Yanzhou Secretariat and Jingzhou Secretariat, and was in charge of military affairs in Jingzhou and Yangzhou. Later, he took care of a captain of Na Man and guarded Xiangyang with 10,000 soldiers. Soon after, he was transferred to the post of Chief Guard and stationed in Luo Jian. After the defeat of Huainan Campaign, Liang Cheng was killed by soldiers in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Liang Guoer, a general in the late Qin Dynasty, did not know which nationality he belonged to. In the history books, he is called "the West Hu people", that is, the ethnic minorities in the western regions. Liang Guoer is strong and good at riding and shooting. He is the general of Zhenbei under Yao Chang. He fought bravely, took the lead, fought in the south and fought in the north, fought side by side with Yao Chang, and made countless great achievements. He was appointed Hou and served as a servant. Liang Guoer is honest and simple, and has the habit of being informal among ethnic minorities. He once built a mausoleum for himself in Pingliang. He often leads his wives and concubines to the grave to drink and have fun, and when they are happy, they stand on the coffin and sing loudly. At that time, people took this as a joke and mocked Liang Guoer in person, but he didn't do it for a while. Because of his cheerful personality and informality, he died in his eighties.
Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, most of the celebrities surnamed Liang were from the ranks of the army, who fought in the south and fought in the north, traveled east and west, lived without a fixed place, and were at home all over the country. After the emergence of the imperial examination system, Liang turned to the imperial examination again, hoping to pass the imperial examination and become the top scholar to show his filial piety to his ancestors. Only Liang Hao's family produced three Jinshi at a time, and a dozen Jinshi at a time. Like bees and butterflies chasing flowers, these famous cultural families always move around with the shift of cultural and political centers. From Chang 'an, Luoyang, Bianliang and Yuhang, to Yangzhou, Yizhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, the literati named Liang always walked on the wave of China culture, showing the profound cultural heritage of an ancient family. Liang Qichao, Liang Shiqiu and Liang Shuming in modern China are all masters of China culture. Especially in modern cities such as Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province, you can step on several Liang surnames with one step. Like Emperor Tony Leung Chiu Wai, famous writer Liang Fengyi and pop star Liang Yongqi, they are all well-known public figures. Instead, it was in Liang's birthplace, but there were not many Liang families there.
Migration history of Liang surname
Before the Jin Dynasty, Liang's surname was concentrated in all parts of the north, and the northwest was the main distribution area. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Liang was scattered in Hedong (now Shaanxi), and when Han Jing was in office, he was the magistrate of Taiyuan. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liang moved from Hedong to the north (now Yaoxian and Fuping in Shaanxi). At the time of Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty, Liang's descendants had been divided into two branches: one lived in Anding (now eastern Gansu and most parts of Ningxia); Living in the wind (now the west of Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province). When Liang moved south, it was the "Yongjia Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty. When crossing the river with Jindu, it flourished between Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) and Hepu (now Hepu, Guangdong Province), and later started in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, the ancestor of Fujian and Guangdong. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the surname Liang had a new development in the south. At the end of the Song Dynasty, the nomads from the Golden Army entered the Central Plains until the Mongolian army went south, and Liang moved south again. Zhiyuan and Liang Ming have developed into a big family in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang, which are spread all over the country.
Hong Kong's Liang surname generally comes from Panyu, Xinhui, Shunde, Nanhai and other places in Guangdong. The surname Liang in Taiwan Province Province is generally from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. According to statistics, before 1946, 80% of people in Taiwan Province Province came from Fujian, with Zhangzhou and Quanzhou being the most. After the defeat of Kuomintang in Taiwan Province Province, the population of Han nationality in Taiwan Province Province rose sharply, accounting for about 89% of the whole island's population.
migrate overseas
As early as the Western Han Dynasty, Korea, known as Lelang County, had Han people and Han surnames. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to the failure of the three expeditions to Korea, a large number of Han people remained in Korea as prisoners, including of course a part of Liang's population. In 892 AD, a peasant uprising took place in Silla. The leader of the uprising was a Silla man named Liang Ji. Liang Ji, a local gentry in Xiaojing (now Yuanzhou, gangwon), took the opportunity to launch a peasant uprising because he was dissatisfied with the social reality. He trusted Qu's family, who came from a famous family, and asked him to lead troops to attack Shezhou in Jiuquan County. The Gong family used his power to recruit and expand their power and declared independence in 897. Liang Ji led his troops to attack the archers, and the two sides fought a decisive battle in Nucheng, and Liang Ji was defeated and killed. Today, there are still many Liang surnames living in North Korea and South Korea, such as table tennis player Liang and industrialist Liang Yujing, all of whom are world-famous Liang surnames.
Vietnam, formerly known as Annan and Jiaozhi, had many contacts and close ties with China in history, and many Liang people once lived here. For example, in 19 17, the anti-French armed uprising of soldiers in Taiyuan, Vietnam, was led by Liang as soon as possible. Liang Yu as soon as possible was originally a Vietnamese student studying in Japan. She graduated from Zhenwu School in Japan and later joined the Vietnam Guangfu Association. She was arrested by the British authorities in Hong Kong in 19 15 for revolutionary activities. After he was released from prison, Liang Yu and Zheng Wengen launched a soldier uprising in 19 17 as soon as possible and occupied Taiyuan. Due to the disparity in strength between the two sides, the uprising failed, and Liang Yu died gloriously soon.
In the United States, from 1943 to 1965, * * accepted 6 145 China people, of which only 137 were Liang. 1965, the United States supplemented and revised the immigration law, and the number of Chinese people increased significantly. By 1980, the number of China people in the United States has reached 806,040. From 198 1 to 1990, the number of Chinese soared from 800,000 to1645,000, accounting for about 6% of the American population, of which the number of beams was not recorded.
Since the implementation of Canada's new immigration regulations from 65438 to 0967, the number of Chinese has increased rapidly. 1967 The number of Chinese in Canada was 79,000, and 199 1 year increased to 586,000, including 250,000 in Toronto and 0/50,000 in Vancouver. From 1858, when the first batch of Guangdong Chinese workers arrived in Canada, a large number of Cantonese people began their trip to the United States, especially the "Siyi people" from Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui and Enping in Guangdong, accounting for 78.5% of the total number of overseas Chinese, mainly engaged in catering, groceries, real estate and service industries.
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Kong Caoyan Huajin Tao Wei Jiang Qi Xie Zou Baiyushui Zhang Dou Su Yun Pange Xi Fan Lang Peng
Lu Weichang Ma Hua Ren Yuan Doctor Tang Fei Liancenhe
Teng Bi 'an Chang Fu Pi Cha Yuan Bugu Meng Pinghuang
Talking about Song Maopang with Mu, Yao Shaokan, Wang Qimaoyu, Bei Ming and Fu Chengdai
The bear bowed his head and wished.