Xiangjiang Campaign is the most heroic and crucial campaign since the breakthrough of the Central Red Army. Our army fought hard with the superior enemy, and finally tore open the heavily fortified blockade of the enemy and shattered Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to surround the Red Army to the east of Xiangjiang River. Although the Red Army broke through the fourth blockade, it paid a huge price. The 5th Army Corps and Shao * * * International Division, which were established on the eve of the Long March, lost more than half, and the 8th Army Corps suffered more. The 34th Division was surrounded by the enemy, and all the officers and men fought bloody battles until they ran out of ammunition and food, and most of their comrades died heroically. After crossing the Xiangjiang River, the two columns of the Central Red Army and the Central Military Commission have been reduced from 86,000 at the time of departure to 30,000.

1934165438+1In mid-October, the Central Red Army, which made a strategic shift from the Central Soviet Area to the west, broke through the three blockade lines of the Kuomintang army, continued to advance westward, and advanced to the border of Hunan and Guangxi. Chiang Kai-shek pieced together the fourth blockade line in an attempt to destroy the Central Red Army east of Xiangjiang River. It was against this background that the Xiangjiang Campaign broke out. Before the Xiangjiang Campaign, according to Chiang Kai-shek's arrangement, Xiang Liu's 1 column went to Quanzhou in northeast Guangxi to get in touch with the 15 army stationed in Guangxi, forming a frontal defense line to intercept the Red Army. The 2nd column of the Central Army Wu Qiwei was commanded by Xue Yue, and started a small-scale battle along the Xiang-Gui Highway along Qiyang, Lingling and Huangshahe lines, keeping mobile and preventing the Central Red Army from joining the 2nd and 6th Army Corps northward. Zhou Hunyuan, the third column of the Central Army, Li Xiangyunjie, the fourth column, and Li Xiangyingheng, the fifth column, pushed the Central Red Army to the Xiangjiang defense line from the east. 1934 165438+1October16, Hunan and Guangxi warlords reached a "statewide" agreement to intercept the Central Red Army. The division of Liu He's defense zone of Xiang Army takes the Yellow River at the junction of Hunan and Guangxi as the boundary, and is the first line of defense from Xing 'an, Quanzhou and Guanyang to the Yellow River (excluding); Xiang served as the defense of Hengyang, Lingling, Dong 'an and Huangshahe. According to the agreement, he took over the whole defense of Dengzhou. Subsequently, Guidi deployed all its 15 regiment, about 30,000 people, in the northeast of Guidi, showing a long snake array running north and south. The northern section of the Long Snake Array is responsible for the four passes of Qingshui, Yong 'an and Leikou in the whole (state) irrigation (Yang)-Xing 'an triangle and the border between Hunan and Guangxi, 15 army commander Xia Wei; The southern section of the Long Snake Array is Gongcheng, Longhuguan, Fuchuan and Hexian, and Liao Lei, commander of the 7 th Army, is in charge. Xia Wei Department in the northern section includes: the 44th Division of 15 Army, the 45th Division of 15 Army, the 34th Regiment of 15 Army, the 43rd Division of15 Army and the 24th Division of 7 Army, about 10 Regiment. In the southern section, Liao Lei Department consists of two regiments, the 7th Army 19 Division and the 45th Division of the 7th Army 15 Division, with about five regiments. This is a deployment that emphasizes north and south. 165438+1October 18 The vanguard troops of the Central Red Army fought against Gui Jun in Baimangying, Guangxi County, and Longhuguan, Gongcheng, respectively. On 20th, Hong Jiu Legion approached along the river, and on 28th+0th, it captured the county town along the river and sent two regiments to attack Longhuguan. Since then, Wu Gong Corps, Gomba Corps and Hong Jiu Corps have successively entered the rivers and Yongming, threatening Fuchuan, Hexian and Gongcheng in Guangxi. Bai Chongxi (Li Zongren was stationed in Guangdong, and Gui Jun's actual command at that time was Bai Chongxi) was worried that the Central Red Army would enter the hinterland of Guangxi from Fuchuan and Hexian, and received a secret telegram from Wang Jianping from Shanghai, saying that Chiang Kai-shek had adopted the deadly plan of Yang Yongtai, the leader of the political department, to oppress the Red Army to go south from both sides of Longhuguan, and to eliminate the "three evils" of the Red Army and Guangdong in one fell swoop, so he made the main force of Javert Department deploy in the fully irrigated triangle area. 1 1 year1on the evening of October 20th, Bai Chongxi sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek in the name of Li Zongren, demanding that the main force of Javert withdraw south, leaving a blank to be filled by Xiang. At 6: 438: 07 pm on the 22nd, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram, allowing the south to withdraw, and sent a telegram to He Jian, asking He Jian to send Xiang troops south to defend the whole state. After receiving the telegram, Bai Chongxi immediately ordered that the main force of Harvey headquarters deployed in Quanzhou, Xing 'an and Guanyang be evacuated to Gongcheng overnight (south of Guanyang 100 kilometers), leaving only two battalions of 72 regiments in 24 divisions of 7 armies in Quanzhou, Xing 'an 1 regiment (subordinate to 43 divisions) and Guanyang 1 regiment (. However, after receiving Chiang Kai-shek's order to take defense, Xiang did not immediately go south to take defense, but delayed it again and again. It was not until1934165438+1October 27th that the Xiang army entered Quanzhou county, but stopped going south after entering Quanzhou. On June 22nd 1 65438+1October 22nd, Guijun retreated south to June 5438+February,1,Gui Jun, Hunan Province occupied all the Xiangjiang River ferries, and the Xiangjiang River gateway, 60km south of Quanzhou and 60km north of Xing 'an, was opened for 9 days. This created an opportunity for the Red Army to break through. 165438+1On October 22nd, Liu Zhong, the reconnaissance section chief of the Red Army Corps, led the plainclothes team of the Corps and the reconnaissance platoon of the Red Fifth Army Corps to enter the whole city in disguise and found that Gui Jun had been evacuated to the south. At noon on 25th, Liu Zhong reported the situation to Li Tang, chief of staff of the Second Division of the Red Fifth Regiment stationed at Yonganguan on the border of Hunan and Guangxi. Li reported to the regimental headquarters by radio. Lin Biao sent another telegram to the CMC for instructions. 165438+1October 25 17, the CMC issued the order "Operational Deployment of Our Field Army in Northwest Quanzhou and Huangshan Area of Xing 'an". It was discovered that the Red Army attempted to advance westward from the full irrigation triangle, and Gui Jun's main force 165438+ went north from Gongcheng on1October 26th, and Xiang Army 165438+ entered Quanzhou on1October 27th. 165438+1On the afternoon of October 27th, the Red Army Corps captured all the Xiangjiang River ferries south of Quanzhou and north of Jieshou. 165438+1In the early morning of October 28th, Gui Jun launched an attack on Xinxu Red Sanjuntuan, and the Xiangjiang Campaign officially started.