Siquan Group: Baotu Spring Group, Black Tiger Spring Group, Pearl Spring Group and Wulongtan Spring Group.
Seventy-two famous springs in Jinan are famous springs in the suburbs: Zhangqiu Baimai Spring Group, Pingyin Hongfanchi Spring Group and other famous springs.
◇ General situation of famous springs
Jinan is called Quancheng and Du Quan. Many clear and sweet springs gush from the underground of the city and flow into rivers and lakes. In the peak season, in areas with dense spring, there are beautiful springs, weeping willows and crystal stones in streams. As early as the Song Dynasty, Ceng Gong, a writer, commented that Qiduo Ganquan was the best in the world. Yu Qin, a geographer in the Yuan Dynasty, also praised Jinan as the best landscape in Qilu, with the best springs in the world.
Jinan spring has a long history. In the eighteenth year of Huan Gong in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a record that Lu Huangong and Qi Xianggong met in Luanshui in 694 BC. Dragon is the ancient name of Baotu Spring. Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, described in Volume 8 "Water Saving II" in Notes on Water Classics: Long water flows from the southwest of the old town of Licheng County, where the spring is full and the water rushes like a wheel. Yuan Haowen, a writer in Jin Dynasty, said in Ji 'nan Travel Notes that there are 70 famous springs in Ji 'nan. Yu Qin recorded the name and location of seventy-two springs in Qi Cheng. In the early Ming Dynasty, the poet Yan Bi wrote Poems of Seventy-two Springs in Jinan, reciting the famous springs in Jinan one by one. There are countless poems, songs, articles and classics describing spring water in Qing Dynasty.
There are so many springs in Jinan that it is rare in China. In Qing Dynasty, Shen said in Leisure Garden: 90 old people, 50 new people, 5 places, *** 145. Ji 'nan Annals compiled during Daoguang period said: There are 151 springs. During the Qianlong period, there were 0/20 literati/kloc, and the statement in his "Listening to Springs and Zhai Ji" was more realistic: there were 72 famous springs in the spring, and 59 were famous but not written, mostly anonymous. According to the investigation of Shandong First Hydrogeological Team 1964, there are 108 natural spring pools in the urban area alone. The investigation materials of Jinan Urban Planning and Construction Leading Group in 1980 listed 1 19 spring pools. 1983,1In June and July, 1998, the Municipal Bureau of Landscape Architecture and the Municipal Mingquan Protection and Management Office conducted an investigation based on the above records, and found a total of 139 famous springs in the urban area. As of June 1998, there are 103 spring pools that are basically intact, of which 4 1 is 72 springs listed in the famous spring monument in Jin Quan. These spring pools are concentrated in Qinglong Bridge in the east, Basket Street in the west, Zhengjue Temple Street in the south and Daming Lake in the north, with an area of only 2.6 square kilometers.
There are many springs in Jinan, but each has its own style. Or like a boiling torrent, spewing and rolling; Or like a pouring waterfall, lions roar and tigers roar; Or like a string of pearls, brilliant and crystal clear; Or, like the melodious piano sound in ancient times, the whole spring city is immersed in the gurgling and poetic spring water, which makes the literati of past dynasties fall for it. Celebrities in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Li Bai, Su Zhe, Zhao Mengfu, Pu Songling and Wang Shizhen, all left poems about the spring. Ji 'nan spring water gave birth to generations of graceful and unrestrained poets such as Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji. Jinan spring water, with its unique and beautiful natural landscape and extremely profound historical and cultural connotation, attracts countless Chinese and foreign tourists to visit here, especially since the reform and opening up, with an annual passenger flow of more than 2 million. Spring water has become the symbol and eye of Jinan. It plays an increasingly important leading role in Jinan's urban construction, economic development, tourism culture and many other aspects. These springs are named after their shapes, colors, sounds, surnames, legends, animals and plants, musical instruments, treasures and so on, each with its own flavor.
Jinan spring water is also famous for its pure water quality. Spring water comes from deep in the rock and is slightly influenced by temperature. The water temperature is relatively stable, keeping at 17 ~ 18 degrees Celsius all the year round. Colorless and transparent, crisp and sweet, it is a high-quality drink. Jinan Pulis mineral water, developed in 1990s, is directly extracted from underground. Appraised by the national department of geology and mineral resources, the salinity is 650, and it contains many trace elements beneficial to human body, including: lithium (Li)0. 12Mg, strontium (Sr)0.99Mg, zinc (Zn)0. 13Mg and magnesium (Mg)35.55Mg per liter.br
Four spring groups
Baotuquan group
Baotu Spring Group is located in the southwest of the old city of Jinan, and consists of 38 springs, 27 of which are concentrated in Baotu Spring Park. The most famous are Baotu Spring, Jinxian Spring, Shuyuanquan, Liuxuquan, Mabaoquan, Huanghua Spring and Woniu Spring.
Baotu Spring is the source of ancient Luoshui, which was called Luoshui in ancient times, and was named Baotu Spring in Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty. There are also names such as Threshold Spring, Goose Yingshui, Hot Springs, Waterfall Water and Sanjiang Water. The so-called Baotu Spring, which means jumping and rushing, embodies the characteristics of the third hole of Baotu Spring, which gushes endlessly. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan recorded Baotu Spring in Notes on Water Classics, saying: The spring source is vigorous, and the water rushes like a wheel. Yuan Haowen, a poet in the Jin Dynasty, described it as seeing the Jade Pagoda from the waves. Zhao Mengfu, a famous painter and poet in Yuan Dynasty, compared it to a white jade pot that gushed from the ground. How did the Qing Dynasty poet describe it as a thousand inverted pearls? The description of the sudden spring in Licheng County Records is the most detailed: the source of the flat spring is boiling, three holes are protruding, the snow waves are several feet, and the sound is like thunder, both in winter and summer. Pu Songling, a famous writer, thinks Baotu Spring is the first spring in the world and Qimen Resort is unparalleled. Baotu spring has a large amount of water. When the spring gushed, three columns of water rose up to three or four feet, as big as a wheel and as loud as thunder. Baotu Spring soared to the top of the eight scenic spots in Jinan in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Baotu Spring is an ideal drinking water with clear and transparent water quality and sweet taste. According to legend, Emperor Qianlong went down to the south of the Yangtze River and took Yuquan water from Beijing when he left Beijing. After he tasted Baotu spring water in Jinan, he immediately changed to Baotu spring water and named Baotu spring the first spring in the world. Baotu Spring is now the main attraction of Baotu Spring Park in Jinan. The spring is in Fangchi, with Luoyuan Hall in the north, Guanlan Pavilion in the west, Laihe Bridge in the east and a promenade in the south. The scenery is excellent. There are goldfish in the spring pool, and the biggest one is more than three feet long. On the east side of the spring, opposite the crane bridge, Heting Tea House is expected to provide tourists with fragrant teas brewed with Baotu spring water. Baotu Spring is the first of 72 springs in Jinan, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists every year. Visitors can appreciate the beauty of Baotu by listening to the spring, watching orchids and tasting tea. 1999, the municipal government expanded Baotu Spring Park, and the park area was expanded from 8.5 hectares to 10.5 hectares, which greatly improved the reception capacity of Baotu Spring and better reflected its charm.
Jinxian Spring, located in the northeast of Baotu Spring, is a famous strange spring in Jinan. When the water is full, the surface of the spring pool sometimes forms a north-south waterline, which is like a swimming gold thread under the sunlight. Wu, a Song Dynasty poet, once wrote a golden thread spring in "Notes on Gaizhai": there is a golden thread in the north and south of the pool center, which is hidden in the water. Ceng Gong's poem "Golden Spring" says: Jade is always floating, breathing fresh air, and golden thread can't find Nanquan Road. Clouds and algae contend for plumes, and the moon shines brightly. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the golden thread was clear, but it was not common with the weakening of water potential. When Baotu Spring Park was built in 1956, there was also a golden thread spring in a spring pool 20 meters east of the golden thread spring, and it was very clear, so people called the newly discovered spring pool golden thread spring and renamed the original golden thread spring old golden thread spring.
Liu Xuquan and Shu Yuquan are on the east side of Laojinxian Spring. Er Quan had an indissoluble bond with Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty. It is said that Li Qingzhao's former residence is next to Er Quan. Ren Hongyuan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, wrote in his poem Liu Xuquan's Visit to Li Yian's Former Residence: In order to find a girl's dormitory, he went to Liu Xuquan. Yellow flowers are rare in autumn rain, and jade is washed in spring rain. There is even a legend that Li Qingzhao used to dress up at Shu Yuanquan and write lyrics and poetry. Based on these statements, Li Qingzhao Memorial Hall was built next to Er Quan in 1959. There are many willows around Liuxu Spring. In the spring of March, the catkins of spring flowers are dancing, which is very charming. Shuyuanquan spring water gushed from the bottom of the pool, overflowed the pool and fell on the stone, just like washing jade. According to legend, Li Qingzhao's Shu Yu Ci was named after this spring.
Ma Paoquan is under the rockery in the northeast of Shuyuanquan. The spring pool is irregular, and the wall of the pool is made of natural stones, with high and low twists and turns. Springs converge into streams, and people flow to the West River. Ma Paoquan got its name from a legend. According to legend, in the third year of Jian Yan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 129), the nomads from the south attacked Jinan, and the magistrate Liu Yu was afraid of death and wanted to surrender to the city, but his Ministry decided to fight the main battle with Jian Guan Sheng. Guan Sheng led the army to create the Nomads, but eventually he died outside the West Gate of Jinan under the attack of Nomads and Liu Yu. Guan Sheng's steeds hissed when they saw that their master was killed, and their front hoofs repeatedly scratched the ground. As a result, he dug up a clear spring, that is, Ma Paoquan.
Huanghuaquan and Woniuquan are on the west side of Liu Xuquan, side by side in front of the fish exhibition hall in Baotuquan Park. Huanghuaquan was named after Emperor Hua in The Book of Songs Xiaoya. According to legend, in ancient times, there were three snakes under Lishan Mountain (now Qianfo Mountain in Jinan), and Shun Feng Yao ordered warriors to slay the three snakes to kill the people. Later, the locals commemorated Shun with a clear spring with two eyes side by side by Baotu Spring. One is Huang Huaquan, praising Shun for adhering to Yao's will and benefiting the people; One is Woniu Spring, commemorating Shun's ploughing in Lishan Mountain. Both springs are rectangles made of stone, surrounded by stone fences. When the water is full, the spring water is crystal clear, like two pearls embedded in Baotu Spring.
Baotu Springs also include shallow water springs, snail springs, Xibo springs, mixed sand springs, worry-free springs, Man Jing springs, Zhan Lu springs, Shiwan springs, Jiuquan springs, Donggao springs, Wangshui springs and Dengzhou springs, all of which have their own characteristics.
Black tiger Spring Group
Black Tiger Spring is located in the southeast of Jinan Old Town, 15 Spring. Besides Black Tiger Spring, there are also famous Pipa Spring, Baishi Spring, Agate Spring, Jiunv Spring Spring and Wulian Spring.
Black Tiger Spring is located on the south bank of the south moat. The spring is in a deep hole under the steep wall. In the cave, there are clever stones hanging from the top, stubborn stones gnawing at the bottom, and beautiful stones scattered around. In ancient times, there was a dark boulder in front of the cave, and the spring water excited the stone, such as the roar of tigers. In addition, the boulder is like a crouching tiger, hence the name Hei Hu. Yan Bi, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem describing the Black Tiger Spring at that time: the stone house was pale, as deep as the turbidity of Hei Hu. In the middle of the night, the north wind blows rocks and cracks, and there is no light in the clear moon. Later, people built a square pool in the north of the cave, and carved three tiger heads with big eyes and big mouths on the south wall of the pool. Spring water gushed out from the mouths of three big tigers through the tunnel at the bottom of the cave and poured into the pool. The inflow of Black Tiger Spring is second only to Baotu Spring in Jinan. Although the eerie atmosphere of the Black Tiger Spring has disappeared, the spectacular scene of the tiger's mouth spraying water and the roar of the tiger can still make people appreciate its rough beauty. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Black Tiger Temple above the Black Tiger Spring Cave, which later collapsed. 1985 during the construction of the park around the city, a new pavilion was built here to watch the spring water, so visitors can enjoy the spring water and the surrounding scenery against the railing.
Pipa Spring is located on the west side of Black Tiger Spring on the south bank of the moat. The spring pool was originally irregular, but it was later decorated into a rectangle with stone railings around it. The spring pool extends to the moat, which is 1 m higher than the river surface. There are two stone steps on the outer wall of the pool. The spring water overflows the spring pool, and the stone steps make a pleasant sound, as if playing the pipa. In fact, this is not the real highlight of Pipa Spring. Strangely, in the full water period, the underground pipa spring will also make a beautiful pipa sound. According to the research of geologists, Pipa Spring is Ordovician dolomitic limestone, in which there are large and small caves and grooves. Groundwater gushes out and beats the hollow rocks, so it makes a crisp and moving pipa sound. There is Pipa Bridge in the east and Yin Qing Pavilion in the west. Visitors can listen to the sound of spring and enjoy the scenery of spring in the pavilion on the bridge.
Jiunv Spring is located opposite the Black Tiger Spring. The spring pool is oval, made of Taihu stone, and half of it extends into the moat, half a foot higher than the river. The bottom of the pool is clean fine sand and gravel, and bubbles are constantly emerging from the gravel, curling up and bursting on the water surface. The spring water is crystal clear, and the water is blue, just like crystal clear and soft jasper. According to legend, in ancient times, there were nine fairies bathed in spring water every night with bright moonlight. Jiunv Spring got its name from this.
Baishiquan is in the northeast of Black Tiger Spring, on the north bank of the south moat. This spring was discovered when dredging the moat during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and it was named after many white stones around the spring. Baishiquan was later annihilated, and it was not until 1984 that it was built to dredge the moat around the city park. Now the spring water is lined with white stone, just like a piece of white jade embedded in a moat.
Manao Spring is on the east side of Black Tiger Spring, opposite to Baishiquan across the bank. The spring pool is surrounded by stones, and the spring water is crystal clear and flows into the moat from the cave in the north wall of the spring pool. Because the bottom of the pool is constantly bubbling and shining in the sun, it is like agate, hence the name.
Wulian Spring is located on the west side of Pipa Spring. There are many springs at the bottom of the pool, including five larger ones. Blisters, like five blooming lotus flowers, bloom on the water, hence the name. Wulianxuan is built on the river bank on the south side of the spring and consists of pavilions, terraces, corridors and pavilions. The scenery is very unique.
Black Tiger Springs include Jinhu Springs, Nanzhu Springs, Huyiquan, Bean Sprouts, Huibo Springs, Yin Si Springs, Duibo Springs, Shoukang Springs, Ren Quan and other famous springs, mostly on both sides of the moat.
Pearl spring group
Pearl Spring is located in the middle of the old city of Jinan, among which Pearl Spring, Zhuoying Spring, Shunquan Spring, Furong Spring and Xiaogan Spring are the most famous.
Pearl spring is named after its flat spring water, which rises like a string of beads. Among the springs in Jinan, Pearl Spring is very famous, comparable to Baotu Spring. Emperor Qianlong even thought that Pearl Spring was better than Baotu Spring. He wrote in his poem. There are many famous springs in Jinan, all of which are stored by Yin Yueshui. Who is the giant among them? Tufts and pearls. Solid progress requires a little effort. Pearls are good at nature and create amazing areas. Zhuoguan 72, pointing to Daming Lake. Pearl spring spring pool is rectangular, with an area of1240m2, surrounded by white marble stone fence. There are many springs in the pool, and strings of silver blisters surge out from the bottom of the water, and the sunlight sets each other off like countless pearls. Wang Chang, a Qing Dynasty man, described in Travel Notes of Pearl Springs that the spring rises from the sand, gathering and dispersing, breaking and continuing, rushing and slowing, and the sunlight reflects, the big pearl and the small sigh all reach the water surface from the bottom, with a sudden rustle and a heavy burden. Bian Gong, a poet in Jinan in the Ming Dynasty, praised Pearl Spring with a poem paved with a hundred feet of bead curtains, which is very vivid. In the second year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1466), Zhu Jian, king of Germany, built the German Palace and sealed the Pearl Spring in it. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to a government inspection agency. Now it is the office of the Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People's Congress. Flowers and trees are widely planted around Pearl Spring, with pavilions, waterside pavilions and rockery stone bridges. The scenery is very beautiful.
Zhuoying Spring is located in the middle section of Chizi Street in Wang Fu, and it is named after Qing Si Zhuo Ying in Mencius Li Lou. Also known as Wangfuchi. In ancient times, Zhuoying Spring had unlimited potential, and water merged into a lake. It is said that dragon boats can be rowed on the lake. The back water surface has shrunk, and it is now a spring pool, with a length of 30m and a width of19m. At the peak, the water is still flourishing, like a pearl, and the blue waves are rippling. Spring pools are strewn at random with east and west houses, and the north and south willows mourn. Between trees, in the shadow of vines, there are stone tables and benches. In midsummer, nearby residents often enjoy the cool and escape the heat.
Shunquan, also known as Jing Shun, is located in front of Shunyuan in the middle section of Jing Shun Street. The spring water is round and well-shaped, which was passed down from generation to generation in Dashun, hence the name. The original large temple along the spring collapsed. Shunquan is very famous. Ouyang Xiu, Ceng Gong, Su Zhe, Yuan Haowen and others all have poems. According to legend, when Dayu was harnessing the water, dragons appeared in Jing Shun, making waves and causing floods. Dayu struggled with Xiaolong for several days, and finally subdued and locked him up in Jing Shun. There is still an iron chain hanging from the wellhead, which goes deep into the bottom of the well. 1985 A garden is built along the spring, with bamboo shadows moving over the wall and streams gurgling, and the whole garden is elegant and exquisite.
Furong Spring is located in Furong Street. The spring pool is rectangular and stacked with bluestones. Dong Yun, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, once lived here and wrote the poem "House of Furong Spring": The old house is half an acre of moss, and Liang Shi flows upstream. A pool of new green hibiscus water, a few small flowers sitting in the shade, writing a book. The Furong Spring Pool was once destroyed, and the residents of No.69 Furong Street signed a convention to protect the spring, and then the garden department resumed the spring pool.
Xiaogan Spring is located on the east side of Baotuquan North Road. The spring pool is 3.4 meters long and 2 meters wide. Chi Pan engraved the word Xiaogan Spring. According to Taiping Universe, an old man had a dutiful son and a mother, so he took water far away. Feeling this, the spring water gushed out, hence the name' filial piety water'. Tianbao six years, changed to' Xiaogan Water'. This shows the origin of the name of Xiaogan Spring. In ancient times, Taiping Temple was built next to Xiaogan Spring, which is one of the three major temples in Jinan. After the abandonment of Taiping Temple, Xiaogan Spring still exists, and the water potential is still good.
There are other famous springs, such as Xiting Spring, Huichi Spring, Sanshui Spring, Yuhuan Spring, Yunlou Spring, Zhiyu Spring, Quanjian Spring, Lianquan Spring, Zhusha Spring and Luogu Spring, as well as some unknown springs. These springs are scattered, such as Furong Street, Qushuiting Street, Donggeng Road Street, Jing Shun Street near Pearl Spring, and some of them are in residents' courtyards.
◇ Wulongtan spring group
Wulongtan spring group is located in the northwest of Jinan old city, with 28 spring pools. Besides Wulongtan, Gu Quan, Hangqingquan, Tianjing Spring and Seventy-three Springs are more famous.
Wulongtan, also known as Chi Jing, Wulongtan and Longju Spring, was once a part of Daming Lake in ancient times. According to legend, in the past, Wulongtan was quite spiritual. Whenever there is drought, praying for rain by the pond is a spiritual activity. So in the early Yuan Dynasty, a temple was built by the pool, in which five dragon gods were molded, and later it was called Wulongtan. There are many legends about the formation of Wulongtan. Zhang, an essayist in Yuan Dynasty, said in "Photo Gallery" that the first residence of Hu Gong in Tang Dynasty was destroyed by a thunderstorm overnight. Gui Fu, an exegetist in Qing Dynasty, wrote in He Jing Ji of Tanxi: Outside the west gate of Licheng, the former residence of Tang Dynasty turned into an abyss overnight, that is, Wulongtan. Wulongtan is the deepest spring in Jinan. The spring water is green and dignified, bottomless and continuous all year round. Your government once built Tanxi fine house by the pool, and later it became increasingly decadent. Tanxi Pavilion is now built on its former site, where visitors can enjoy the beautiful scenery of Longtan.
Gu Quan, located in the southeast of Wulongtan, is named after its high spring temperature and long history. In the middle of winter, the wind is cold and the snow is falling, but the spring is steaming. In the Qing dynasty, there was a garden by the spring, which was later abandoned. There is a two-story building on the south side of the spring, which is the seat of the early leading organs in Shandong Province.
Hangqingquan, also known as Xianqingquan, is located on the north side of Wulongtan. The spring pool is 2.4 meters deep and irregular, with natural stone revetment. The spring water is clear, the willow trees are shaded and the scenery is pleasant. Shen, a Qing man, wrote in "A Brief Introduction to the Fairy Garden": Jinan's famous spring is the best in the world, and there are 70 old legends ... Its author is Tuotu, a pearl, and Fairy Qing is Er Quan, but she is also unknown. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a unique waterscape garden-Yuen Long. Now that Yuen Long Garden has been abandoned, people have built Honglan Pavilion on the original site, and the scenery is good.
Tianjingquan, also known as Jiangjiachi, is located at the southern end of Wulongtan. Because the spring water is clear and bright, the Sun and Moon Nebula reflects water like a mirror, hence the name. Qing Daoguang's Ji Fu Nan Zhi contains: Tianjing Spring ... that is, Jiangjiachi, an acre square, can be used as a mirror. Tianjing Spring is the second largest spring in Wulongtan Spring Group, with good water potential. Green algae float in the pool and goldfish shuttle, which is very beautiful.
Seventy-three springs are under the grape trellis in the southwest of Wulongtan. The natural stone spring pool revetment is exquisite and unique, and the spring water flows out from the crevices and into Wulongtan. There is another story about the appearance of Seventy-three Springs: In the fifty-sixth year of Qing Qianlong (179 1), the famous scholar Gui Fu ordered people to build Tanxi Jingshe on the west side of Wulongtan. I didn't expect to find a spring when I was digging the foundation. The spring was bubbling and the water potential was good. Your house was overjoyed and hosted a banquet for the guests, asking them to name the spring. Everyone is saying that the names given are not ideal. Finally, your house had a brainwave and named this spring seventy-three springs. Everyone said it was wonderful. Gui Fu also wrote a poem: Seventy-two springs, not Wulongtan. To raise 73 yuan for old Dr. suan.
There are other famous springs in the Wulongtan Spring Group, such as Lianquan, Dongmi Spring, Guanjiachi Spring, Jingming Spring, Cong 'er Spring, Yuquan Spring, Qingquan Spring, Tanxi Spring and Crescent Spring.