The Qing dynasty inherited the Ming dynasty and took river transport as the "positive load", but after the middle period, with the changes of natural and social conditions, it was difficult to maintain water transport. In this case, in the sixth year of Daoguang (1826) and the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang (1847), the Qing government carried out the first two maritime transportation; After Xianfeng, although river transportation was tried, it was only once in a while, and the quantity was limited (about 65438+100000 mangoku), and sea transportation became the main form of water transportation. This kind of maritime transportation was not only the product of the social and historical conditions at that time, but also had a far-reaching impact on the social development at that time. This paper intends to make a simple discussion on the most important link in the social change of Qing Dynasty-the change of transportation industry, in order to better understand the position and role of grain transportation in modern China society.