Nenjiang, the historical name is extremely complicated. Shu Wei and "History of the North" first said that Nenjiang River was difficult to water or south water, so it was also called Weihe River. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty called it Nahe River, the Liao Dynasty and Daozongji called it Una River, and the Yuan Dynasty called it Nawu River and Nao River. Geographical records of the Yuan Dynasty called it "Baku River" and "Nawu River". Tong Mingzhi called it Nao Wenjiang. The chronicle of the Qing Dynasty is called "Nuoli River". "Longshaluo" also said: "Mongolia calls brain temperature' Pinoni'". Zhang Mu's travels about Mongolia are called Nenjiang River. "Nen" comes from Jurchen language, which means "blue" and "green", so Nenjiang is named after its water color. Speaking Mongolian means "green river"; When you speak Manchu, it means "Sister River". In addition, there are Yahe, Noni Mulun, Nawu Manglietia and Noni.

Zhaoyuan County is the lower reaches of Nenjiang River, which is called "Heilongjiang" and "Big Black Water" because of its dark water color. The old name of the county "Golros" means "black water" in Tungusic language, which is named after this kind of water.

Hyde R.

Nenjiang River originates from the south side of the middle section of Ilhuli Mountain, a branch of Daxing 'anling Mountain, and is the source of Nanweng River (a north-south river). At an altitude of 1030m, it flows from northwest to southeast through Songling Town, Olunchun Autonomous Banner, Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (under the jurisdiction of Nanwenghe Forestry Bureau, Songling District, Daxing 'anling), where the Right Nanweng River meets on the right bank, and tributaries such as Arouca He Kang, Dayikang River, Nanyang River and Courcou River meet at about 1km south of the Twelve Stations Forest Farm (Huma County). Nanweng River length 172.2 km.

Mainstream part

Nenjiang River flows into Songhua River from the confluence of Nanweng River (North-South River) and Ergen River (also known as Genhe River), from north to south, at Sancha River in Songyuan City, Jilin Province (formerly Fuyu County and Zhaoyuan County in Heilongjiang Province on the other side), with a total length of 1 0,370 km.

The left bank, on the side of Heilongjiang Province, flows from north to south through Huma County, Nenjiang County of Heihe City, nehe city, Fuyu County, jianhua district of Qiqihar City, Longsha District, Angngxi District, Fulaerji District, Tailai County, Dulbert Mongolian Autonomous County of Daqing City and Zhaoyuan County of Daqing City.

The right bank flows through Olunchun Autonomous Banner in Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner (with Nierji Reservoir), and the Nuo Min River flows through gannan county, Meris District of Qiqihar City, Fulaerji District, Longjiang County, Zhalaite Banner, Tailai County of Xing 'an League, Daqing City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Zhenlai County of Baicheng City, Jilin Province.

In which: Details of the flow through Heilongjiang Province:

In Huma County, Nenjiang River is the dividing line with Songling District. The reach is 75.6 kilometers long and 55 meters wide, and it is rich in water resources. Twelve stations and Galahe Forest Farm can send rafts to Nenjiang River.

In Nenjiang County, the main stream of Nenjiang River winds through Xing 'an Mountains from north to south and enters Songnen Plain, with a total length of 404 kilometers. The main tributaries of Nenjiang River in the county are Colorado River, Menlu River, Wodu River and Gugu River. The larger secondary tributaries are Muhe, a tributary of Keluo River, and Loach, a tributary of Menlu River. Located in the upper reaches of Nenjiang River, the basin area is 4 1 1,000 square kilometers. The river passes through the mountainous area, and the river slope is steep, about 0.36- 1.42 ‰. The river surface 140-400 meters wide, the water depth is 2-5 meters, and the flow rate is 0.5-2.5 meters per second. The riverbed is composed of fine sand and pebbles, and there are many sharp bends and bayonets in the river.

In nehe city, Nenjiang River is the boundary river between Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Entering from Nenjiang County to the north of Fuyuan Forest Farm in the county, it flows through six towns, such as Qinghe, Xuetian, Erkeqian (with Nierji Water Control Project), Taihe, Laha and Tuanjie, with a length of150km. At ordinary times, the river width is100 ~ 460m, the water depth is 2.5 ~ 4m, the highest flood level is 98.95m, the average flow rate is 1m/ s, the maximum peak flow rate is 6000m3 seconds, the normal flow rate is 600 m3/ s, and the minimum flow rate is 40m3 seconds.

In Fuyu County, Nenjiang River enters from Bailutun in Nehe County, flows through Friendship Daur Manchu Kirgiz Township and Taha Manchu Daur Township, and flows into Qiqihar City from west to south in Halatutun. Domestic flow is 9 1 km. The inflow area of the upper reaches of Nenjiang River is 1 1 10,000 square kilometers, and the maximum peak flow is 13500 cubic meters per second (1932). After 1949, the maximum peak flow is 98 10 m3/s (1969). The average runoff over the years is 654.38+068 billion cubic meters. In the Fuyu section of Nenjiang River, the main channel is 300-400 meters wide, the river slope is 1 ‰-0.4 ‰, the water depth is 3-5 meters, the bending coefficient is 1.08, the river valley is wide and the floodplain is flooded.

In gannan county, it is the boundary river between the county and Nehe and Fuyu counties. It flows through the northern section of the county town, starts from the mouth of Nuo Min River in the north and reaches the southeast exit of Xinhua Village in Jubao Township in the south. The county's drainage area is 5 1 1 square kilometer, with a flow length of 46 kilometers and an average annual runoff of 0.3 1 100 million cubic meters.

In Qiqihar City, the main stream of Nenjiang River enters the urban area in Zhuduwan, Jubao Township, gannan county, and then obliquely crosses the urban area from northeast to southwest, leaving the country in the west of Yufangzi at the southern end of Fulaerji District (about 5.8km southwest of Yingwuji), and the urban area is 146km long. The average width of the river is 782 meters, which can reach 6.5 kilometers in flood period and the water depth is 2 ~ 4 meters. The riverbed above Liuyuan is gravel bottom, and the bottom is sand and mud bottom. The slope of Nenjiang River in the urban area is very small, about 1.4‰. Therefore, the water flow is gentle, the river can't cut down, the lateral erosion and siltation are enhanced, meandering is developed, there are many Jiang Xinzhou and islands (about 102), the water flow is bifurcated, and the whole river course twists and turns. Influenced by many factors, such as the development of meanders, flood erosion and siltation in flood season, the collapse of melting ice in early spring, geostrophic deflection and so on, the floodplain on both sides of the river is expanding, the valley is wide (about1~ 8km on average), and the river channel is moving from east to west at a speed of about 20cm per year.

In Tailai County, it enters from Fulaerji District of Qiqihar City, and flows through Tang Chi, Tolihe, Daxing, Jiangqiao, Shengli, Ningjiang and other towns and two provincial farms. The county is 144 km long. The drainage area is 2 146 square kilometers, the average width is 700 meters, the maximum flood burst width is 1700 meters, and the water depth of the main channel is 6 to 15 meters. Gradient 1/7000, maximum flood level 140.76 m (1969), maximum peak flow 10600 m3/s, minimum dry water level 133.26 m, and flow rate of 66.5m3. Rich in river fish.

In Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County, Nenjiang River enters at the northwest of Laoshan Breeding Farm 1.5km, flows through Dashan Breeding Farm, Jiangwan Township, Bayanchagan Township, Talaha Town, Shirengou Fishing Ground and Yaoxintun Township, and leaves the county town 2.7km south of Yaoxintun Township, such as Dabar. Neijiang section is located in the county, with a total length of 146.7 km, forming five large tributaries of the river.

In Zhaoyuan County, Nenjiang River flows through five towns, including Fuqiang, Gulong, Xinzhan, Minyi and Maoxing, and flows into the mainstream of Songhua River at Sancha River in Maoxing Town. The flow rate is 1 14.26 km. The beach elevation on both banks is129.4 ~128.2m. The channel width is 300 ~ 400m, the beach width is 8.5 ~10km, the water depth is 3 ~ 5, the river bottom elevation is122m, and the three branches reach is/kl.

Detailed information flowing through Jilin Province:

Nenjiang River enters the territory of Jilin Province in Shijiazi, Dandai Township, Zhenlai County, Baicheng City, and flows into Songhua River (or into the south source of Songhua River) through Daan City and Guo Qian County. In Jilin Province, the main stream is 199 km long and the drainage area is 42,346 square kilometers. The larger tributaries are Taoer River and Huolin River. Nenjiang Dike is 108 km long in Baicheng City, protecting 24 towns and farms in 3 coastal counties (cities), protecting 486,000 people, 16 1 10,000 mu of cultivated land, thousands of oil wells and other facilities. In Baicheng City, Nenjiang River enters from Shijiazitun, Dandai Township, Zhenlai County, and flows out from Sikutun, Daan City, with a length of about 150 km.

There is a 30-kilometer-long water flow in Songyuan City, which enters from Sijiazi Village, Balang Township, Guo Qian County, joins the Songhua River at the mouth of Sancha River (the mouth elevation 128 meters) and joins the main stream of Songhua River (if Nenjiang River is the north source of Songhua River, it joins the south source to become the main stream of Songhua River), with a drainage area of 1800 square kilometers.

Nenjiang River is divided into three sections according to its topography, landform and valley characteristics: upstream, middle and downstream.

From the source of Nenjiang River to Nenjiang County, it is the upper reaches, with a river length of 66 1 km. Heyuan District is a famous mountain forest area in Daxing 'anling, with dense forests, numerous swamps, narrow river valleys, large river slopes and fast-flowing water. The water surface width is 100 ~ 200m, and the river gradient is 14.2‰. The river is composed of pebbles and gravels. The river channel below the source area gradually widens, the river channel gradient drops by 3. 1 ‰ ~ 3.6 ‰, tributaries flow one after another, the water volume increases, and the width of the river valley can reach 5 ~ 10 km.

From Nenjiang County to Nierji (formerly known as Buxi) in Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner, it is the middle reaches, a transition zone from mountainous areas to plains, with a length of122km. There are many low mountains and hills on both sides of the river, the terrain is flatter than that on the upper reaches, and the two sides are asymmetrical, especially on the left bank, where the valley is very wide. There are few tributaries in the middle reaches, except that the river passes through Nenjiang County for 4 kilometers and the larger tributary on the right bank flows into the main stream, the rest are small tributaries or small mountain streams.

Nierji to Sanchahekou is the downstream reach, with a length of 587 kilometers. This section of the river flows into the vast Songnen Plain. The river is winding, with many beaches, sandbars and tributaries. The rivers are mostly reticulate, and the beaches on both sides are very wide, with the widest point reaching more than 10 km and the maximum water depth of 7.4 meters. Foam, wetland and oxbow lake are widely distributed on the beach. The average gradient of the upper reaches of Qiqihar City is 0.2 ‰ ~ 0./kloc-0 ‰, and the water surface of the main channel is 300 ~ 400 meters wide and the water depth is 3 ~ 4 meters. The downstream river network is dense, with tributaries such as Nuo Min, Yarlung Zangbo River, Chu Er and Taoer River flowing into Nenjiang River on the right bank, and the vast area on the left bank is basically an inland closed flow area with large swamps, lakes and wet depressions. The height difference from Heyuan to Sanchahekou is 900 meters.