Sun is the most populous surname 12 in China, and has the greatest influence in Bohai Bay and Northeast China. Today, people surnamed Sun account for about 1.44% of the national population, and the total population exceeds180,000.

Sun's name and totem

Sun, this son's son is called grandson, which is Sun's original meaning. The word sun, and the department. It's a continuation, which means endless. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, the left half of Sun Tzu is a small human figure, and the right half is a rope, which means the connection and the continuation of future generations. The extension of the "sun" means regeneration, formation and continuation of collaterals. In ancient times, grandson was often used in names, which was the expectation of ancestors for the continuation of blood relationship and also a blessing to future generations. Sun should be a spiritual sustenance and a primitive worship of clan spirit.

The Origin and Evolution of Sun Shi

There are four main sources of Sun Shi: Ji surname, Yan surname, Gui surname and Zi surname.

The first one is Ji. BC 1046, the Shang Dynasty perished, and his younger brother was named Kang Hou, and his history was called Kang Shu. After Zhou Wuwang's death, when he was young, the three prisons joined forces with Yin Geng to rebel and were put down by his fourth brother. Because Kang Shu sent troops to force Yin to Huai, he made contributions in the Pingwu Geng Rebellion and was named Huai Hou. Zhou Chengwang took Kang Shu as Zhou Sikou, gave him the treasure of Wei, and wanted to move Kang Shu to Wei. After Kang Shu's death, his grandson Cowper was officially named Wei Hou, and the ancient city was in Qixian County, Chao Ge City, Henan Province. So Kang Shu is called Shu Wei in history, which is the name of posthumous title. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Wu of Wei was awarded the title of Qi Huangong by Zhou Pingwang for his meritorious service in cutting Xirong in the Zhou Dynasty. Gong Wei's son Sun Hui, Sun Hui's grandson Wu Zhongyi and the Wuzhong family all take his grandfather's name as their surnames. This surname has a history of at least 2700 years.

The second source comes from the surname. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, Ai La, the grandson of Jia Wei, the king of Chu and the son of Jia Wei, also known as Sun Shuai and Sun Shu, became the Lingyin of Chu Zhuangwang, and his son and grandson were named after him. Sun Shuai once lived in Si Qi, which is now the southeast of Huaibin County. This Sun Shi has a history of 2600 years.

The third one comes from Gui. BC 1046, Shang Dynasty was destroyed in Zhou Dynasty, and Gui Jun's direct descendant was Gui. Chen Guo was the 12th Wang Zhiyi in the Western Zhou Dynasty, ranking second only to the "five tyrants". In 672 BC, his son Chen Wan fled to Qi and became Chen. At that time, Chen Wan's fifth grandson, Doctor Tian of Qi, was named Le 'an for his meritorious service. This ancient city has now benefited the people of Shandong, and it takes Sun Shi as its surname. This Gui named Sun Shi also has a history of more than 2,500 years.

The fourth branch has its surname. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Chaogang was in chaos, Zhou Wang was in a trance, Zhou Wang's uncle was suspicious, and a virtuous minister of Shang Dynasty was killed because of remonstrance. His descendants took refuge and changed their surnames. One of them was named Sun Shi because he was descended from the royal family. Zhi Zi's surname is Sun Shi, which has a history of more than 3,000 years.

Integration of foreign genes

The fifth comes from the change of foreign surnames and minority surnames. Other important events of changing the surname of Sun include: the descendants of Xunzi, the famous Warring States, changed their surname to avoid the Western Han Emperor; Xiahou _, the great-grandson of Teng Gong in the Western Han Dynasty, changed his surname to Sun with his grandfather's surname; During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Jian will change his surname to Sun. Sun Shi is mainly used by ethnic minorities: Sun Shi is the Khitan of the Tang Dynasty, and Sun Shi is the surname of Sun Jiashi of the Manchu Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty. After living together with the Han nationality for a long time, most of these foreigners were assimilated into the Sun surname of the Han nationality.

Distribution and migration of sulfur

After Qin and Han Dynasties, Gui surname became the main force of Sun surname in China, extending from Shandong to Taiyuan, Shanxi, south of Zhejiang and southwest of Hubei. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Jian and his son established the Kingdom of Wu in the south of the Yangtze River, and the development of Sun Shi reached its peak. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sun Shi in the north, the Central Plains and the south of the Yangtze River developed rapidly, and a number of famous Sun Shi families appeared. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, Sun Shi had spread all over the country. The first sentence of the "hundred surnames" formed in the Song Dynasty is "a thousand grandchildren", which shows Sun's social status and influence. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Sun also entered Taiwan Province province by province.

In the Song Dynasty, there were more than 6,543.8+0,500 people surnamed Sun, accounting for 654.38+0.4% of the national population. It was the eleventh place in the Song Dynasty. The province with the largest number of Sun surnames is Anhui, accounting for about 1 1.8% of the total population of Sun surnames in China. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Anhui, Henan, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces, among which Sun's surname accounts for about 44% of the total population, followed by Jiangxi, Hebei, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hunan and Hubei. The layout of Sun's surname in the north of the Yangtze River was formed in the whole country and in Anhui, Henan and the Yangtze River basin.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 1 19000 people, accounting for more than 1.3% of the national population, and it was the 14 surname in the Ming Dynasty. In China, the distribution is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces, among which Sun's surname accounts for about 60% of the total population, followed by Shaanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Shanxi and Henan provinces. Zhejiang is the largest province in Sun Shi, accounting for 20.8% of the total population of Sun Shi. Zhejiang and Jiangxi rallied throughout the country, and Sun Jiji's center of gravity began to move eastward.

Distribution and Totem of Contemporary Sun Shi

Sun's contemporary population has reached180,000, which is the first surname in China, accounting for about 1.44% of the national population. At present, the distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Shandong and Henan provinces, accounting for about 28% of Sun's total population, followed by Heilongjiang, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Jilin and Anhui provinces, with a concentration of 465,438+0%. Shandong is the largest province in contemporary Sun Shi, accounting for about 18% of the total population of Sun Shi. Taking the Yangtze River as the watershed, the distribution pattern of Sun surname is more in the north and less in the south. The coastal provinces in East China are connected with the three northeastern provinces, which is the high frequency area of Sun's surname distribution.

Sun surname is widely distributed in the crowd, but it is not balanced. In Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Heijiliao, eastern Inner Mongolia, northern Jiangsu and Anhui, and eastern Henan, Sun's surname accounts for more than 1.8% of the local population, reaching 4.3% at the highest. Its coverage area accounts for 18.6% of the total land area, and about 56% of grandchildren live here. In Shaanxi, Shanxi, western Hebei, most of Ningxia, northwestern Xinjiang, central Inner Mongolia, most of Henan, northern Hubei, southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang and other places, the population surnamed Sun in this area accounts for 1.2%- 1.8% of the local population, and its coverage area accounts for 14.2% of the total land area.

Traditional culture of Sun surname

Kings and counties mainly include Chenliu, Taiyuan, Le 'an, Fuchun and Dongguan. In addition, Sun's stage names include "Wandering Away" and "The Art of War". Fuchun's Tang name was Sun Wu, a great strategist in the Warring States Period. Sun Wu went to see the king of Wu with his thirteen art of war, worshiped him as a general, and conquered Chu in the west and Qilu in the north, with outstanding military achievements. The prince of Wu named Sun Wu the Fuchun Hou. Posthumous title's "Xue Ying" comes from Sun Kang, the imperial adviser of the Jin Dynasty. When Sun Kang was young, his family was poor and he couldn't afford an oil lamp. It is said that after a heavy snowfall in winter, Sun Kang made use of the reflection of snow to study and eventually became a celebrity.

There are five pairs of couplets for Sun Shi's important surnames:

Soldiers' ancestors

Family precept Sun Qifeng was a famous educational practitioner in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He is famous and knowledgeable, and his family precepts are highly respected by future generations. He attaches great importance to the methods of political education for children. He made family instructions for Xiaoyoutang, made family rules for Xiaoyoutang and admonished his son. He believes: "The ancients were trained to be upright, so that they could not leave their bodies." "The difficulty is that you are not well trained. When habits become habits, you begin to think about remedies! " Therefore, "raising children is the first priority of the family" and teaching children is the first priority. We advocate "lead by example, quality first", "save the scholar's day, cultivate shame" and oppose "excessive love" Philosophers are advised to be "honest and upright", "content with poverty, modest in virtue, cautious in words and frugal" and so on.

Celebrity frequency and family sages

From 755 to 79000, 52 1 celebrities were collected, accounting for 1. 15% of the total number of celebrities, ranking 13 among celebrity surnames. Sun's famous writers account for 1.22% of the total number of writers in China, ranking15; Sun Shi famous doctors account for 1.26% of the total number of doctors in China, ranking17; Sun's famous artists account for 1.27% of the total number of artists in China, ranking 15.

From Sun Wu, who is famous at home and abroad, to 79,000, talents named Sun emerge in an endless stream, and countless people shine brilliantly in history. The main characters are: Sun Yang Bole, a horse lover in the Spring and Autumn Period; Warring States strategist Sun Bin; At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Changsha satrap Sun Jian; Sun Quan, the monarch of the Three Kingdoms, and Sun Yan, Wei Rusheng; Sun Chu, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Sun Kang, a famous scholar; Sun Chuo, a writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Sun Sheng, an atheist; Sun Maodao, Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao, a medical scientist, and Sun, a calligrapher and painter; After the Five Dynasties and the Zhou Dynasty, there were famous poets Sun and Sun Guangxian; Sun Shuang, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Sun Fu, a famous scholar; Sun Chengzong and Sun Chuanting, ministers of the Ming Dynasty; Sun Qifeng, a scientist and scholar in Ming and Qing Dynasties; Sun Jiagan, governor of Zhili in Qing Dynasty, Sun Xingyan, a Confucian scholar, Sun Yirang, a Confucian scholar and linguist, and Sun Yuanxiang, a poet; Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of modern democratic revolution, Sun Yat-sen, the direct warlord of Beiyang, and the president of the Republic of China; Contemporary geologist, paleontologist, geologist Sun Dazhong, sericulture farmer, agricultural chemist, economist Sun, philosopher Sun Shuping.

Blood group of Sun surname

The blood types of Sun Shi family are as follows: O type accounts for 32. 1%, A type accounts for 28.3%, B type accounts for 30.2%, and AB type accounts for 9.4%.