From a macro perspective, Sun Yat-sen published the Outline of the Founding of the People's Republic of China with a complicated background. Huang Renyu, a famous historian, once put forward a "grand view of history", emphasizing observing history from a long time and paying attention to its structural changes and long-term development trend. We might as well try to analyze it from the perspective of big history. Revolution of 1911, abdication, founding, Yuan Weiguo. After that, warlords scuffled, social unrest, the second revolution and the protection movement failed one after another. There are also sharp contradictions within the revolutionary camp. For example, the contradiction between Chen Jiongming and Sun Yat-sen, who advocated the autonomy of Guangdong province, intensified and eventually shelled the presidential palace. A question is exposed: what should we do next after overthrowing the Manchu rule? Facing the painful reality that the revolutionary ideal could not be realized for a long time, Sun Yat-sen made a profound reflection. "The Revolution of 1911 has come to this day, and the winner is only in the name of the Republic of China. As far as national interests are concerned, it failed to put China on an international equal footing. In terms of national interests, the political economy has led to no progress, but the disaster of disintegration is getting deeper and deeper. " (3) The people of China did not lose the "old world" and "gain a new world" as Marx pointed out when commenting on British rule in India. (4) Since the Republic of China, "the country is not prosperous, and the people are not living." (5) The chaos in China after the Revolution of 1911 shows that Sun Wen and the revolutionaries before him were idealistic and did not conform to the national conditions. There is an urgent need for a feasible plan and program suitable for China's national conditions in order to lead the revolutionary victory, build the prosperity of the Republic of China and promote the modernization process of China. Therefore, Sun Yat-sen "formulated Article 25 of the Outline for the Founding of the National Government as a model for the future revolution." (6)
From a microscopic point of view, we look at the historical status quo and opportunities at that time with a sense of history. I think the period from 1923 to 1924 is a key turning point in the modern history of China. 192365438+1October 16. Chen Jiongming was expelled from Guangzhou and retreated to Dongjiang. In February1year, Sun Yat-sen was able to return to Guangzhou and set up the Grand Marshal's Office. On February 29th, 65438, with the assistance of Lenin and the Comintern, the Comintern sent Bao Luoting to Guangzhou to serve as Sun Yat-sen's consultant and reorganized the China Kuomintang. 1924 65438+ 10, the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, and the Declaration of the First National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was published, which realized the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and then the Huangpu Military Academy was established, and the revolutionary cause entered a new era. Sun Yat-sen and his revolutionary faction are facing brand-new historical opportunities, and the revolutionary situation is developing rapidly, which objectively requires the formulation of a new program on the basis of the previous program.
The publication of the Outline of the Founding of the People's Republic of China is also the result of the constant change and development of Sun Yat-sen's own thoughts.
With the development of the times, Sun Yat-sen's thoughts are constantly changing. The Outline of the Founding of the People's Republic of China inherits Sun Yat-sen's early thoughts of the Three People's Principles and the Five Powers Constitution, and puts forward new contents in combination with China's national conditions. It is an important embodiment of the ideological transformation of Sun Yat-sen in his later years and the result of the continuous development of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary thoughts.