The war between Austria and Italy from June 17 to August 10, 866 was a war waged by Italy for the liberation from Austria and the establishment of a nation-state.
1859 Italian-French War and 1859- 1860 Italian Revolution resulted in the basic reunification of Italy.
The Italian Kingdom was founded in March of 186 1 and was succeeded by King Vittorio Emanuele II of Sardinia. Only Rome and Venice are still under Austrian jurisdiction.
186 1 April, Vittorio Emanuele II and Prussia formed an anti-Austrian alliance. Prussia provided 65.438+0.2 billion marks of aid to Italy, and promised to help solve the problem of Venice's return to the Kingdom of Italy.
17 June, the Puao War broke out. On June 20th, Italy entered the war, and the war between Austria and Italy broke out.
The main force of the Italian army is 6,543,800+people, nominally under the command of the king, but actually under the command of the chief of staff, General Lamamora. On the first line of Qiaoming River, it turned to attack on June 23rd. Mantua has a reserve of 30,000 people. At the same time, an army of about 90,000 men under the command of General Sirdini advanced from Bologna and Ferrara, ready to make a surprise attack on the flank and rear of the Austrian army. In order to cope with the fighting on two fronts, the Austrian army had to form a southern army of 78,000 people in Italy.
Under the command of Archduke albrecht, he launched an attack from the southeast of Verona on June 24th, and also inspected the nearby area in Coustau, defeating the Italian army. General Lamarmora was forced to retreat to cremona after losing more than 65438+ 100000 people. After learning that the Italian army was defeated near Coustau Cha, General Circini immediately retreated and failed to develop the results. Because Austria lost the battle with Prussia, especially near Sadova on July 3, it was necessary to send troops to defend Vienna.
This enabled the Italian army to attack Venice and Tyrol instead. During this period, garibaldi's troops fought very well and liberated the whole of South Tyrol. However, Vittorio Emanuele II ordered them to retreat. So Tyrol was once again occupied by the Austrian army.
On July 20, the Italian navy was defeated by the Austrian navy near Lisa Island. The battle of Lisa was the first great naval battle of the steam armored ship. On June 6th, 1 1, an Italian sub-fleet consisting of1/armored ships, five cruise ships and three gunboats, led by Admiral Persano, went out to sea from Amrino in an attempt to seize fortified fortifications by landing, and took Lisa Island as an Austrian naval base (there are only nine permanent fortifications on the island, and.
On July 18 and 19, Italian troops launched an attack on Lisa Island. Due to poor organization, they did not have the necessary information about the troops guarding the island, and they were stubbornly resisted by the Austrian army. At dawn on July 20th, an Austrian fleet consisting of 7 armored vehicles, 7 gunboats, 1 mastsail battleships, 5 cruise ships and 1 light cruise ships, led by Major General von Taghoff, went to support the troops guarding the island. The Austrian army suddenly launched an attack and concentrated its fire on the Italian naval fleet.
However, the artillery battle between armored ships failed. As a result, the Austrian flagship armored ship "Grand Duke Ferdinand Max" collided with the Italian armored ship "King of Italy" and sank with 400 crew members, thus deciding the outcome of this naval battle. Another Italian warship, Wrestling Ground, caught fire after being hit by artillery fire, lost its combat effectiveness and finally exploded. After that, the Italian fleet turned to retreat.
The reasons for Italian failure are poor reconnaissance, no operational plan, poor communication, indecision of Admiral Persano and command errors. However, the defeat of the Italian navy in the battle of Lisa did not change the outcome of the Austrian-Italian war, which was decided by the Op war. Although the scale of the naval battle in this war is not very large, it is the first naval battle with steam armored ships as combat tools, thus leaving a memorable page in the history of war.
10 in August, the war between Austria and Italy ended, Italy and Austria signed an armistice agreement, and the peace treaty was signed in Vienna on August 3, 866. According to the peace treaty, Austria ceded the province of Venice to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte and Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte handed it over to the Italian kingdom. Thanks to the revolutionary enthusiasm and active support of the people, Italy has basically achieved national liberation and reunification.