Zhang Yu old county, Hongdu new home. The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected with Lu Heng. Three rivers and five lakes in Jin, controlling barbarians and attracting Ouyue. Wuhua Tianbao, the dragon lamp shoots the bull fighting market; Outstanding people, Xu Ru got off Chen Fan's couch. Xing Chi Cai Jun Xiongzhou fog column. At the turn of summer, the host and guest are all in the southeast. The commander-in-chief Gong Yanyi is elegant, and the halberd is in the distance; Fan Yi of Yuwen Xinzhou is temporarily stationed. Ten days holiday, win friends like a cloud; Welcome to the wedding. Teng Jiao, a poet of Meng; Purple electric paste is General Wang's armory. The master is the butcher, the road is famous, and the boy knows nothing.
When Wei is in September, the sequence belongs to Sanqiu. The water is cold and the pool is clear, and the smoke is purple. Yan Yan likes to walk on the road and watch the scenery to worship Afghanistan. Close to Emperor Cheung Chau, you will see the old pavilion where heaven and man are integrated. Terraces are green and the sky is heavy; Feiting, Xiangdan, there is no land under the ground. Heting ancient bamboo, the haunt of poor islands; Gui Dian Lan Gong is the posture of hills. Embroidering Lu and carving Lu: Yamahara is full of foresight, and Kawasawa is bold and unrestrained. Yan Lu, the hometown of Zhong Mingding's delicious food; Ge boat maze, green finch Huanglong axis. Clouds selling rain Ji, colorful. The lonely ducks fly together in the sunset, and the autumn water is the same as the sky. Fishing boats sing late and resound all over the coast of Peng Li; Yan Zhen was stunned by the cold, and his voice broke Hengyang's pu.
The distance is smooth and it is easy to fly. Cool breeze blowing gently, singing white clouds. There are bamboos in Suiyuan, which makes Peng Ze angry. Shui Ye Zhu Hua, a pen shining in Linchuan. Four beautiful things, two are difficult to combine. Poor in the sky, leisure is very entertaining. The sky is vast and the universe is infinite; Joy begets sorrow and knowledge is empty. Looking at Chang 'an in the sun, the martial arts will meet in the clouds. The terrain is deep in the South Pole, high in Tianzhu and far from Beichen. It is difficult to climb mountains and mountains, and whoever loses his way is sad; Meet by chance, full of foreign guests. If you don't see the emperor, how long will you serve in the publicity room? Ha ha! Bad luck, ill-fated; Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is hard to seal. Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, not without a master; It's time to escape to the sonority of Haiqu. A gentleman plays it by ear and knows the world. When you are old and strong, you would rather be moved; Poverty is strong, not falling into the sky. Feel happy when you are greedy for springs, and enjoy each other when you are dry. Although Beihai is on credit, it can be accepted; The cold corner has gone, and the mulberry is not late. Meng has noble taste and is free to serve the country; Ruan Ji is crazy, how can he cry to the end of the road!
Bob, who is three feet short, is a scholar. There is no way to ask for it, and the final army will be weak; There is a pen in the heart, and love has the wind of living in peace. Give up hair for a hundred years, and Wan Li will faint in the morning. It is not a treasure tree in Xie Jia, but a neighbor of Montessori. He is becoming more and more palace, and he is accompanying carp; Today, I hold my hand and hope to hold the Longmen. Yang Yi doesn't pick up, caresses Lingyun and cherishes himself; When the clocks meet, why are you ashamed to play running water? Oh! There are not many resorts, so it is difficult to have a grand feast; Lanting is gone, Zize Xu Qiu. Farewell words, thanks to Wei Wei; Climbing high to make a contribution is to hope the public. Dare to exhaust feelings, be respectful and short-quoted; All the words were given, and all four rhymes were done. Please sprinkle Pan Jiang, and each side will pour their own water into the sea.
The full text can be divided into four paragraphs. The first part, that is, the first paragraph, outlines the geographical characteristics of Hongzhou and leads to the people attending the banquet.
Start with a four-word short sentence, which is simple, unpretentious and neat in duality. "Zhang Yu old county, Hongdu new residence", from ancient times to the present, describes the evolution of appellation and tells a long history; "The stars are divided into wings, and the earth is connected with Lu Heng", which describes the vast territory from heaven to earth and shows the vast territory under its jurisdiction. "The stars are divided into wings, and the land is connected with Lu Heng", which is not only literal, but also phonologically relative. In a word, levels and levels alternate; Between the upper and lower sentences, the levels are opposite. That is to say, "Flat and even, flat and even" is the same as metrical poems, so it rhymes harmoniously, has beautiful golden tone and beautiful literary quality, and is catchy to read (there are many such sentences in the text, such as "Xiongzhou fog column, handsome stars" and "September, Sanqiu". The latter two sentences are written about the specific geographical location: "The Golden Three Rivers take five lakes, and the foreign control leads to Ouyue." As verbs, "Jin" and "Dai" are used flexibly and vividly. Writing about Hongzhou's momentum is just like writing about "controlling" and "attracting" and then writing about "treasure of things" and "outstanding people". Two four or six sentences are opposite, which not only unfolds the narrative, but also sublimates the emotion. The sentence "It's foggy in Xiongzhou and the stars are brilliant" has become a four-self short sentence. The change of rhythm has brought about a turning point in literature and meaning. From eulogizing Xiongzhou to eulogizing Cai Jun, new topics have been opened and skills have been gradually acquired. As a transitional sentence, the words "at the turn of Taiwan and the end of summer, the southeast of the host is the best" are written about the beauty of the city and the beauty of the host. The following sentences were written on June 4th: Duke Yan and Yuwen Xinzhou. Slow rhythm and beautiful timbre give people a sense of harmony. "During the ten-day holiday, friends and friends are like clouds; The words "to celebrate a thousand miles and tie the knot" have become four-character short sentences, which have several functions: first, in writing, they have changed from peaceful narration to lyricism; Second, in terms of content, from detailed writing to general writing; Structurally, separate the context and avoid monotonous listing. " Teng Jiao Qi Feng "and" Zi Dian Shuang Qing ",and then write the guests. The sentence pattern has become four or six, with description in front and introduction behind. Fast pace, high style, resulting in the effect of "hearing the sound before meeting people", which corresponds to the appearance of the previous characters and has a unique flavor. Finally, it comes down to a short sentence of four words: "Home is slaughter, Tao is name; What does the boy know? Every bow will win. " These words are written about their own "invasion", which is euphemistic and implicit. Praise without losing identity, humility without being supercilious, is just right.
The second part, two or three paragraphs, describes the myriad weather and the surrounding natural and cultural landscape of Wang Teng Pavilion in Sanqiu.
Two short sentences, "Time and September, the order belongs to Sanqiu", point out the seasons, with neat pronunciation and loud style, which leads to the following description of autumn scenery. These two sentences are causal inference. The word "harmony" is the cause and the word "harmony" is the consequence. The author grasps the two representative characteristics of "autumn water" and "autumn color" to write autumn, describing water and mountains, combining static and dynamic, picturesque. The next four short six-character sentences are about the guests visiting the Wang Teng Pavilion in their famous cars and horses. Slow down, the meaning of the word is not forced. "Mountain Qingyun heavy; The natural environment and momentum of the Wang Teng Pavilion written by Gefei Liu Dan have begun to get down to business. " Crane Pavilion Zhu Fu, the lingering of a poor island; The Gui Dian Lan Palace, that is, the hills and mountains, consists of two four or six sentences, in which the word "four" indicates the narrative subject and the word "six" indicates that the pavilion is in a place where mountains and rivers win.
Step up the pace at the beginning of the third paragraph, using three sentences for the first time. "Embroidery" is from outside to inside; "Looking down" means looking down from above. In just six words, I wrote down the scene of going to the cabinet very concisely, and the joy was beyond words. The phrase "Yamahara is full of sight, Kawasawa is full of sight" describes the beauty of mountains and rivers from afar, with the empty word "qi" as the boundary, the word "qi" written in front of it, and the word "qi" written behind it, alternating between reality and reality, with a trend of thousands of miles. Below, with two four or six sentences, there are many people and many "boats", which render a rich and peaceful weather. "Clouds sell rain, colorful" changed to four words, turned to natural scenery, painted a sunny day after the rain, triggered the eternal swan song "Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn water grow together", and pushed the description of Wang Tengting to a climax. After the previous variation, it took two four or six sentences to close the beam. "Fishing boats sing late" is about the happiness of life; "Cold Shock", writing the song of migratory birds. Socialization and nature have their own tastes and blend into one.
The third part, four or five paragraphs, describes the grand banquet and expresses the feelings of life.
The first two four-word short sentences play a transitional role, from writing about the fun of visiting to writing about banquets. "Fuchang" and "Feifei" both express high interest and emotional excitement. "Cool breeze blows gently, fine songs are concise, and white clouds are restrained", which describes the prosperity of orchestral strings and the beauty of singing with freshness and naturalness. Then, use two sentences to describe the scene of drinking and entertainment. Here, historical allusions are used alternately, implying the luxury of the banquet, the elegance of the characters and the simplicity of the meaning. The following two three-word short sentences, "four beautiful tools, two difficult to combine", change the rhythm, change the mood, from joy to sadness. "I am poor in the sky, and I am extremely idle and amused myself." My vision has expanded beyond the banquet, and my feelings have also sublimated, which is the basis of the following lyrics. The next two sentences are full of philosophical thoughts. On the one hand, they realize the vastness of heaven and earth and the infinity of the universe; On the other hand, they lament the impermanence and ups and downs of life. The sentence "The sun looks at Chang 'an and the clouds see Wu" is empty writing. On the surface, it is "looking" and "looking", but in fact it is thinking. Pun is used here, which is very clever: I think of Chang 'an in the northwest from sunset, Wuhui in the northeast from the sea of clouds, and Chang 'an at sunset, which implies the meaning of Wuhui in the clouds. The phrase "the terrain is extremely deep in the south, the sky is high, and the north star is far away" reflects the smallness of life through further thinking about the vastness of the universe, resulting in the following feelings: "The mountain is difficult to cross, who is sad for the lost? "When we meet by chance, we are all guests from other places." These four or six sentences, asking questions about the east and the west and answering irrelevant questions, reveal a feeling of incompetence and are full of emotional appeal of self-sadness. And the words "when will I be ordered by the propaganda room if I don't see the emperor" are even more straightforward and frank, saying that I can't serve my country and help the world, and there is sadness and affection between the lines.
The fifth paragraph, into a stronger lyric. Starting from the "wrong lake" and rising from depression. "Bad luck, bad luck" is a more realistic understanding, taking the gains and losses of poor people's lives as the norm; "Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is hard to seal" are two examples taken from history to comfort frustrated people, including myself. We use two June 4th sentences to expand this meaning and state the above point. "Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, no owner", which is plausible; The rhetorical question "It's time to escape to the loudness of Haiqu" is very powerful. "Non-nothingness" and "deficiency", a negative judgment, a rhetorical discussion and vivid writing. Then, it ends with "The gentleman who depends on it plays it by ear, and the person who works in know life gets talent", and the above is always the beginning. "hale and hearty, would rather move the heart of a hoary head? It is an ideal personality realm and shows the author's noble outlook on life. As a further supplement, it also shows optimistic and cheerful feelings. The following four-word short sentences are all words of self-encouragement. " Although Beihai is on credit, it can flourish. "Taking beyond space as a metaphor," The cold corner is gone, and the mulberry is not too late "as a metaphor to catch up with the time, all of them show their lofty aspirations of not being drowned. Then I used two or four or six sentences, slightly poking fun at Meng Changjun and criticizing Ruan Ji, to contrast my firm will. Allusions are handy and used by me, reaching the point of being superb.
The fourth part, the sixth and seventh paragraphs, tells about my life experience and the depression of my talent, lamenting that the feast is hard to come again.
At the beginning of the sixth paragraph, call it by its first name and be serious. "Life is three feet, a scholar" is a self-deprecating remark, so simply positioning yourself, its complicated mood is complicated. The following two sentences, four or six sentences, avoid positive confession again, or write through ancient times. First, compare yourself with the last army to show that there is no way to ask for help; Then, Ban Chao and Zong made their own promises, expressing their aspirations of joining the army and braving the wind and waves. These two sentences imply their determination not to be "poor people". The next four or six words, in a calm tone, implicitly describe the process of abandoning the official and becoming famous, so as to understand the life experiences of the guests. Then, in four short sentences, I am glad to accept my father's instructions tomorrow and visit Gong Yan today. Then two or four or six sentences, citing ancient examples, once again lamented that talents are hard to use and bosom friends are hard to meet.
The seventh paragraph, which begins with "alas", is sadder than the "consternation" at the beginning of the fifth paragraph. "The resort is not frequent, the grand banquet is difficult to recover, the Lanting is gone, and the Zize Xu Qiu", in a few words, describes the bleak scene of the ancient and modern grand gathering, "farewell message, thank you Yu Wei; Climbing high to write poetry is to place hope on the public ",which comes down to the ability to write a preface to poetry and return to the real situation from the infinite feelings for the life of the universe." ""I dare to do my best, respect and short quote, give a word, reach four rhymes ",which means that I don't shy away from shallowness, and I wrote a preface poem first; Please sprinkle Pan Jiang and pour into the sea, land and air "is the expectation for all the guests sitting here to show their talents and endow themselves with ideas.". The full text ends in this comity, without losing discretion, which is very appropriate.
Three writing characteristics
1. The sentence pattern is scattered and the rhythm is clear.
The full text is mainly composed of four or six sentences, including four or six, seven, six, four, three, two or even one. These sentences are used alternately according to the need of ideographic expression, with clear rhythm and coherent content. Generally speaking, two sentences are used to express feelings (there are two places in this article as "hehe" and "alas"), and three sentences and four sentences are used to start or change the topic. The combination of six or seven sentences is a plain narrative; Four or six sentences or four or six sentences are used together as the unfolding part of narrative or lyric. There is only one word "Bo", which refers to oneself and expresses Teton. In this way, the writing of the whole article is ups and downs and natural circulation.
2. Become beautiful and colorful in your writing.
Parallel prose is "two horses riding side by side" and lovers are "men and women in pairs". Parallel prose is a common feature of parallel prose, but this preface is particularly prominent. The whole article uses antithetical sentences, which have both literal and phonological meanings. That is, in a word, flat segments and broken segments alternate; Between the upper and lower couplets, the flat seam is opposite to the offset seam. The duality of four sentences was analyzed in front, and several other sentence patterns were listed below. For example, "the sky is vast and the universe is infinite; Prosperity is full of sorrow, and there are some knowledge gains and losses ":flat and flat, flat and flat (middle); Very simple, very simple. "QuGuYi in changsha, not ownerless; It is lack of time to escape from Hongliang to Haiqu "as follows:" One Ma Pingchuan, one Ma Pingchuan; Just be vegetarian (enter), just be vegetarian. " The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn waters are the same as the sky ":plain, plain, plain and poor in the sky, and extremely entertaining in the idle days" is: flat (middle), flat (middle). (The above words "feeling", "knowing", "bending", "missing", "falling", "color", "pole" and "day" are human voices and are counted as sounds; In ancient times, "Gong" was a flat and voiced word, while "Leisure" was a voiceless word. ) With such emphasis on melody without affecting the expression of meaning, the sentences written are of course cadence, musical and poetic.
Algae decoration refers to decorating sentences with colorful, gorgeous and elegant words. The prefaces such as Treasure of Things, Stargazing, Purple Electricity Clearing Frost, Jade Bird Huanglong, Suiyuan Bamboo and Shui Ye Zhu Hua are typical examples of paying attention to diction. In this way, the article is colorful and pleasing to the eye.
3. The use of allusions is concise and implicit.
In addition to strengthening argumentation, we can also use allusions to compare the past and the present, which can enrich the content of the article, enrich associations, concise language and elegant style. This preface uses many allusions to describe lyricism, some are historical allusions, some are predecessors' sentences. However, the methods used are different, and some are explicit, such as "Feng Tang is easy to get old, Li Guang is difficult to seal"; Some are secretly used, such as "feeling cold when greedy for springs, and being happy when dry"; Some are being used, such as "Meng has noble taste and is free to serve the country"; Some of them are used backwards, such as "Ruan Ji is rampant, how can you cry at the end of the road?" The use of allusions enhances the expressive effect of the article.
This preface is vivid and touching because of its high artistic achievements. Mainly in the following four aspects.
First of all, it has poetic beauty. The title of this article is Preface, which is also a typical parallel prose. It inherited the tradition of parallel prose since the Han and Wei Dynasties, absorbed the successful artistic experience of Fu style, and formed a large-scale and fresh style. Xu Shizeng said in the preface to distinguishing styles: "Fu is a style of" intoning the melody according to its own meaning ". Therefore, if the situation is in the text, it will be beautiful and considerable; If the words are reasonable, then the law can be applied. Let readers have rising fun and singing voice. Yang Xiong's so-called' the poet's gift is beautiful' is already there. " This preface can be said to be a model of "Poet Fu". Wang Bo was an innovative poet in the early Tang Dynasty. His prose, like his poetry creation, exudes a fresh and attractive atmosphere, which is mainly manifested in the capture of poetry and the creation of artistic conception. He observed the objective things related to Tengwangge with the poet's eyes, and experienced and expressed his true feelings with the poet's mood. He loves nature and the mountains and rivers of the motherland; He has great ambition and a sense of mission in life. Therefore, he can not only write such a beautiful sentence as "Sunset and Lonely Qi Fei", but also express the feeling that "poverty makes the country strong and never falls into the sky". However, due to the limitations of the times and other aspects, the poet's ideal cannot be realized, and his ambition is hard to be rewarded. He will inevitably have a sigh of "joys and sorrows", and he will inevitably have an innate deep sense of loneliness. It is precisely because of this heartfelt affection that it can still resonate with readers who have some similar experiences with him after a hundred years of work. This order is different from some flattering and extravagant gifts in the past. It is not a dazzling study and a groan of becoming a talent, but a swan song from the heart. This kind of emotion is not only manifested in the individual chapters of the preface, but also in the overall effect throughout all parts of the full text. It is heartfelt, profound and noble, and it combines lyric, scenery, narrative, discussion, action and allusion into one furnace, and obtains the artistic effect of emotional people. Because the preface is sincere and poetic, its influence far exceeds that of Teng Wang Ge, a poem written at the same time. The following is a special record of this poem. Let's make a comparison:
Wang Teng Linjiang Pearl, Ming Luan continues to sing and dance.
The painted building faces Nanpu Cloud, and the bead curtain rolls up the rain in the western hills at dusk.
The shadow of the idle cloud pool is long, and things change for a few years.
Where is the emperor in the cabinet today? Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself.
The language of poetry is concise, the content is implicit, the generality is strong, and the image and charm of poetry are extremely rich. But after all, it can't be as big as the preface, the beauty of scale and the freshness of weather. As the main body of this poem, only by reading the preface attached to the poem can we grasp its connotation more deeply. On the other hand, it is precisely because of this preface that the artistic value of this poem is obscured by the brilliance of the preface. Many readers are orderly, but they don't know there are poems, and the mystery is worth exploring.
Followed by formal beauty. In the preface to stylistics, it is said: preface, "also known as' narration', refers to being good at narration, being second-order and like silk thread." This article by Wang Bo shows the characteristics of "second order", but it is not "good at narration", but good at expressing true feelings. The full text has clear levels, end to end, fine needle and thread, and clear organization. At this point, there has been a specific analysis in front. What I want to talk about here is the duality of parallel prose. Except for the nine words "Cuofu", "Lai", "Bo", "Alas" and "Yuner", the rest are mostly four or six even sentences, and the sentence patterns are very orderly. However, if it is too neat, it will look dull and lifeless. Therefore, seven or three sentences are often used in the text, and they are scattered and swayed. Use function words such as "Zhi", "Er", "Yu" and "Qi" from time to time in the sentence, or use exclamations such as "Cuofu" and "Alas" appropriately, which makes the even and odd coexist and avoids the shortcomings of stagnation. In this paper, not only the sentence is dual, but sometimes the words in the sentence are also dual, such as Qi Feng with Rattan Pepper and Zidian Qingshuang. "Jin Sanjiang takes five lakes, and the control of barbarians leads to Ouyue"; "Dragon Lantern Shoots Bullfighting City" and "Xu Ruyun Down on the Chen Fan Bed". Some deep duality, seemingly invisible, needs to be discovered layer by layer. Such as "Lanting has gone, Zize Xu Qiu". The Preface to Lanting Collection clearly states Qi Ze, but there is no duality between Ji Yi and Xu Qiu. In fact, it is also dual, but it is not dual in general form, but the pairing of two voices. "Already gone" is a double tone; In ancient Chinese, "Xu Qiu" is both the mother of "Xi" and a disyllabic word, so it is paired (see Qian Daxin's "Ten Forage Feeding New Records", Volume 16). Some antitheses concentrate on one point from different sides, so they have the rhetorical characteristics of parallelism and Julian. This shows that Wang Bo wrote this preface in many ways, which effectively enhanced the rhyme of the poem.
Third, the beauty of painting. If we look at this preface from the perspective of painting, we can see that this article is not an ordinary travel note about mountains and rivers, but a landscape figure painting that combines mountains and rivers, buildings and people, and it is a panoramic painting centered on Wang Tengting. The author pays great attention to the integrity of the picture composition and layout, because it is written in words, so it is natural to properly integrate the natural landscape thousands of miles away into his own conceived picture. The author gives full play to his artistic imagination, and Three Rivers, Five Lakes, Man Jing, Ou Yue, Chang 'an, Wu Hui, Nan Ying and Beichen can all "instantly caress the whole world". The author's imagination is limited by beyond space. He photographed all kinds of scenery from an imaginary perspective, controlled the overall situation and served the description of Tengwangge. On the relationship between composition and time and space, the author noticed the depth of space and history, which made this preface have a deep three-dimensional sense. The "old county" is connected with the "new house", and the celebrities of the previous generation are connected with Gao Lang present here. Sometimes, myths and legends are properly used to integrate reality with nihilistic heaven and fantasy (such as "Stars Divide Wings" and "Dragon Shooting Bull Fighting Market") to form a multi-dimensional artistic space. The application of technology is also diversified. Some are meticulous descriptions and repeated sketches, such as the building of Wang Teng Pavilion; Have a plenty of ink drying, letter pen embellishment, such as the natural landscape outside the pavilion. All these things can be followed with a pen, which is interesting. The use of color is also extremely rich. Sometimes, heavy colors are superimposed on gold, which is rich and dazzling, such as "beautiful mountains and clear waters", "flying pavilions and fragrant elixirs", "looking at the green bamboo in the garden" and "Shui Ye Zhu Hua". Some rely on natural colors or use external colors, such as the description of autumn scenery in the second paragraph. Others capture the instantaneous color change of things, which is dynamic, such as "Xiongzhou fog column, handsome star" and "cloud selling rain Ji, colorful", which is beyond the reach of ordinary brushes.
Finally, the beauty of music. While paying attention to duality, the article also pays special attention to the levelness and relative tone of words. As far as couplets are concerned, if the bottom couplet ends in a flat voice, the top couplet must also end in a flat voice. Such as "the treasure of things, the market where dragons shoot cows; Outstanding people, Xu Ru couch under Chen Fan ". The word "city" in the upper part is flat, and the word "spirit" in the lower part must also be flat. Or conversely, Dallas goes to the auditorium, such as "Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, but there is no Lord"; The word "Lord" is a derogatory term. Then, the word "Qu" in the next couplet "Is the resounding Haiqu Missing in the Ming Dynasty" must also be used ("Qu" is the entering tone word). This technique is "ping to ping" and "ping to ping". As far as the sentence itself is concerned, whether it is four, six or seven sentences, it is like a metrical poem. It is necessary to use flat tones alternately in the two syllables to make the sentence flat and sonorous. Two sentences in a couplet, like a poem, also emphasize equivalence and parallelism, which makes the whole text cadence, cycle and have beautiful music.
Appreciation of Wang Teng Pavilion Preface
First, the overall perception
The original title of this article is Preface to Wang Tengting's Autumn Farewell, and all articles are closely related to this topic. The full text is divided into four paragraphs. 1 describes the magnificent terrain, rare products, outstanding talents and distinguished guests of Hongdu, closely following the word "Hongfu" in the title. The second paragraph shows the colorful Qiu Jingtu in the Wang Teng Pavilion. Close-up, full of rich colors, the magnificent scenery of Wang Teng Pavilion is written, which is closely related to the words "autumn" and "Teng Teng Wang Ge"; The third paragraph, from the description of the banquet to the feeling of life, is closely around the word "the Committee" in the title; In the last paragraph, I narrated my personal experience, which means that when I meet a bosom friend, I should write a poem as a souvenir. This is closely related to the words "don't" and "order" in the title. From this perspective, the full text is clear; From the ground to people, from people to scenery, from scenery to emotion, it can be said that clues are connected and topics are interpreted layer by layer.
Second, the revelation of local ideas
This article was written to bid farewell, but it only briefly described the prosperity of the banquet. After a few strokes, I devoted all my efforts to the scenery I saw in the pavilion. The feelings born of the scenery did not stick to the pattern and found another way. The layout of local ideas and the choice of ideas are also regarded as the basis of the text. Take the fifth paragraph as an example to illustrate the author's emotional ups and downs:
First of all, I use a series of short sentences to express my sigh: "Bad luck, life is at stake. Hou Feng is easy to be old, but Li Guang is difficult to be right. " Then combine the length with the length to express their anger and sadness: "Qu Jiayi is in Changsha, but there is no Lord; Loud in the sea, is it lack of time? " Finally, there is a set of duality, which shows the intention: "Meng has noble taste and he is free to serve the country;" Ruan Ji is crazy, and crying is effective? " The sonorous tone expressed his determination not to sink.
Third, try to find wonderful sentences.
1. "The water is cold and the pool is clear, and the smoke is purple."
Appreciation: The author makes good use of flexible brushwork to describe the water state of mountains and rivers and express the magnificence of terraces, thus bringing readers into an immersive aesthetic situation. The beauty of color change is written as "the water is cold and the pool is clear, and the smoke is purple." These two sentences are not limited to the static picture color, but focus on the color change of mountains and rivers: the water in the cold water pool is clear because of the retreat of accumulated water; The mountains in the evening are purple because of the twilight. The former sentence is elegant in color, while the latter sentence is strong in color. On the contrast of colors, it highlights the characteristics of autumn scenery, and is praised by predecessors as "writing the scenery in September".
"Sunset and lonely Qi Fei grow together."
Appreciation: This sentence is called farewell forever. The sky is clear, the sky is connected with the ground, and the upper and lower colors are the same: rosy clouds are from top to bottom, and lonely people are from bottom to top, adding luster to each other, forming a beautiful picture with bright colors and muddy up and down. These two sentences are not only opposite to each other in sentence structure, but also form their own duality in one sentence, forming the characteristics of "sunset versus loneliness" and "autumn water versus sky", which is a major feature of Wang Bo's parallel prose.
3. "When you are old and strong, would you rather be moved? If you are poor, you will think about it, and you will not lose your ambition. "
Appreciation: This is the most instructive sentence in the full text. Throughout the ages, how many people with lofty ideals have always pursued their ideals in the face of all difficulties and obstacles, and will not give up even in gloomy adversity. Ma Yuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "People should have ambition, be poor and strong, and be old and strong." Wang Bo used it here to warn those "people who have lost their way" not to give up because of short time and difficult situation. At this time, Wang Bo is not brilliant, but he still has such feelings, which is really commendable.
Metonymy and modesty in this paper
1. Identify six metonymic usages.
(l) Bunge came from afar: Bunge replaced Gong Yan.
(2) Temporary presence of the eaves curtain: the eaves curtain is used for driving, but it is actually used by others.
(3) Old Fairy Pavilion: Dai Pavilion.
(4) Emperor Qi: acting as the imperial court.
(5) Feng Xuan Room: Acting as an official in North Korea.
(6) Caring for Lingyun and feeling sorry for yourself: Lingyun Fu is the representative. Because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once praised his fu as "fluttering with the spirit of Lingyun".
2. Know six polite expressions.
(1) Jia Jun is a butcher and Tao is a name; What does a boy know? Bowing is always the winner.
Jiajun, call yourself dad. Son, Wang Bo calls himself. My father, as the county magistrate of Jiaozhi County, passed by this famous place in order to visit his father. Young and ignorant, I was lucky enough to attend this grand banquet.
(2) Bo, a short life, is a scholar.
Three feet, humble, is Wang Bo's claim. The ancients called adults "seven feet tall" and children who were not sensible were "three feet tall". "Humble" and "mustard" are metaphors of smallness. Micro-life refers to humble status. The whole sentence means that I am a humble scholar.
(3) He is becoming more and more court-oriented, always accompanying carp.
Go to court and walk quickly through the courtyard, which is a sign of respect for the elders. Oh, bear the burden of humiliation as a sign of humility. Carp right refers to being taught in front of parents. I will go to my father to listen to my teachings in the future.
Allusions in Preface to Wang Tengting
1. Concise, subtle and tasteful-use clearly.
The so-called clear use is to use the literal meaning of allusions to expand their special meaning into general reference. In "Wang Teng Gexu", "Things are rich and beautiful, and Long Guang shoots bulls; The allusions in the sentences such as "outstanding people, Xu Ru's bed in Chen Fan", "Purple electricity and blue frost, General Wang's arsenal" and "Tianzhu is high, Beichen is far away" belong to Ming Dynasty allusions.
The classics of Long Guang can be found in the Book of Jin? Zhang Huachuan, Zhang Hua dug two swords in the ground, Longquan and Taia, because the purple gas between the bucket and the cow shone, and the dazzling light from the two swords was dragon light. Can the classic "Xuru" be found in the later Han Dynasty? "Biography of Xu Wan" Chen Fan, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, did not receive visitors when he was the magistrate, but Xu Wan, who refused to be an official because of his poor family and farming at home, set up a couch to stay here. The classic "Purple Electricity" can be found in "Notes of Ancient and Modern Times"? In the jade symbol, Emperor Wu has six swords, and the second one is the sub-code.
The classic of "clearing frost" can be found in Xijing Miscellanies. The sword used by Emperor Gaozu to cut the white snake was ground once every 12 years, and its blade is as sharp as frost and snow. The classic of Tianzhu can be found in Nerve. There are copper pillars on Kunlun Mountain, which are called Tianzhu. For the classic Beichen, see The Analects? For politics, "taking morality as politics is like Beichen living in his place, and all the stars share it." This refers to Polaris, which means monarch.
The above allusions are clear and clear, achieving the effect of "graceful and meaningful, gorgeous and rich, fluent and concise" (Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long" language), which can be described as concise.
2. Implied meaning, the implied meaning in the sentence-hidden use
The secret edition does not directly record the original text, but transforms it into its own language, which makes the allusions close to the context without violating the original intention, and plays an appropriate and tortuous role in expressing the author's thoughts and feelings. "Preface to Wang Tengting" "Feng Tang is easy to be old, Li Guang is difficult to seal, Jia Yi is in Changsha, and there is no owner; Now is not a good time to escape to Hongliang Haile. " "greedy springs are refreshing, and they are still happy." "Meng has a noble taste and holds the feelings of the country when he is free; The allusions of Ruan Ji's madness and how can he cry at the end of the road are all dark allusions.
Feng Tang and Li Guang can be found in Historical Records, and Meng Taste can be found in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. These allusions are familiar to everyone, so I won't repeat them here. For the classic "Greedy Spring", see the Book of Jin? "Wu Yinzhi Jia", there is water called Chanquan in Shimen, 20 miles north of Guangzhou. It is said that people will be insatiable after drinking this water. Up to now, Wu Yinzhi still drinks with spring water and writes a poem: "The ancients said that this water is a treasure. It is not easy to make Qi Yi drink. " See Zhuangzi? "Foreign things", this is a language code, rutting is waterless, so it is called dry, which is a metaphor for poverty here. "For the classic of Ruan Ji, see Jin Shu? The Biography of Ruan Ji, who lived in Wei and Jin Dynasties, was dissatisfied with Sima Shi, and used wine to drown his sorrows and avoid being killed. He often drives out by himself, not by the road. When there are any obstacles ahead, he comes back in pain.
All these allusions, events or words have been translated into his own language by Wang Bo, but these allusions contain complex feelings of self-pity that the author has not used in today's world. However, because Wang Bo borrowed the code names of "greedy for spring" and "dry road", he showed the belief of forcibly cheering up and not being decadent.
3. It is better to compare the past with the present than to use the situation itself.
Use is to use after clicking. This is a story rationalized by the author with detailed narration and long speeches.