Fernando II of Aragon died in 15 16. The official thought that he died of edema, but the folk (unofficial history) thought that he died of aphrodisiac, a beetle called "Viagra in the Middle Ages": Spanish flies. On August 18, Fernando of Aragon used this fly, which led to excessive sexual intercourse and died here.
I. Historical background
Fernando II of Aragon, that is, Spanish "Catholic" El Catrico, as the Crown Prince of Aragon, was finally attracted by Queen Isabella of Castilla, and their marriage (1469) finally formed the embryonic form of Spanish unification. Then he conquered Granada (1492) and the kingdom of Navarra (15 12), and Fernando made great contributions to the unification of Spain.
Isabella and Fernando, also known as "Catholic kings", loved each other before their death, but Isabella left first. After her death in 1504, she gave the succession to the throne of Castilla to Juana, a crazy woman, but Juana's husband "Handsome Felipe" (officially called "Handsome Felipe") was at odds with Fernando, and both of them coveted the throne of Castilla.
Felipe died on 1506, although he had the opportunity, he had no luck. Although this man was lewd, he did not die of excessive sexual intercourse as his father-in-law did later. Felipe died of an infectious disease. Felipe is dead, Juana is crazy, and the power of Castilla naturally falls to Fernando.
But don't think that the power struggle in the late Middle Ages was so casual. At that time, there was a parliament. The parliament composed of local aristocratic representatives can only be recognized and become the king of this territory after swearing allegiance. Although Fernando is the Regent of Castilla, the legal heirs are still Charles V, the eldest son of crazy Juana and Fernando's grandson. It's just that Charlie was underage at that time.
Fernando got his wish and got Castilla, but the throne of his Aragon kingdom was in jeopardy. Although nominally his grandson Charles V will inherit Aragon's throne in the future, there is still a condition, which was also put forward by Aragon's parliament. In other words, if Fernando keeps another room after Isabella's death and gives birth to a son, Aragon's throne will have nothing to do with Charles V.
Second, the elderly have fewer wives.
The above is the historical background of/kloc-Spain in the early 6th century. Under such conditions, although Fernando and Isabella loved each other all their lives, they could not stop the demands of Aragon Parliament. Although Fernando is branded as ungrateful, as for marrying a girl as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade, we don't know whether Fernando is happy or not.
At that time, France and Aragon (Spain has not been unified, so it can't be called Spain here) had a stalemate in Italy. France occupied Milan in northern Italy, Aragon occupied Naples in southern Italy, and the country under the papacy was in the middle.
Louis XII of France the Frenchman's ideas about France are changing. First, before Felipe died, he promised to marry his daughter to Charles V, the eldest son of Felipe and Juana. Felipe's father, the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, awarded the title of Duke of Milan in Louis XII of France I.
The relationship between France and the Holy Roman Empire was regarded as two powerful rivals on the European continent at that time, which were divided and combined. Fernando hates Felipe's alliance with France under such political conditions. Less than a year after Isabella's death, he secretly contacted French Louis XII of France and formed this marriage.
The woman married to Fernando is the daughter of the Duke of Fuwa. Literally, she is called Germaine de Foix of Fuwa. Germaine is only 18 years old, while Fernando is 40 years old. Although the wedding was organized by an agent, it was later given to Fernando.
Fernando, who is in his fifties, shoulders the sacred mission that Aragon kingdom cannot fall into the hands of Habsburg family, and is determined to have a big fat boy with Germain, so he wantonly has a baby with Germain.
Three years after the wedding, I finally had a baby, named Juan (Prince Gerona). Why did it take three years to have a baby? Speaking of it, it was before the invention of pregnancy test paper, and the pregnancy rate of each adult woman in each cycle was only 28%, considering that Fernando was not in Germany all the year round.
This child, which took Fernando a lifetime to create, died less than 24 hours after birth. At that time, the probability of infant death was very high. Fernando and Isabella's eldest son Juan (Juan's death is said to be related to Margaret's excessive sexual intercourse), Margaret Of Austria's child died half a year after birth, and the child who married Miguel, the eldest daughter of the Portuguese king, died more than a year later.
Third, Spanish flies
I don't know whether Fernando took the aphrodisiac first and got pregnant with Germain, or whether Fernando still holds the determination of "having children when he is old" after the death of the child. After all, it's nearly 60 years old, and it's time to use Viagra (see "Standing at forty, not confused at fifty, using Viagra at sixty")
)。
There was no Pfizer in the Middle Ages, but there were folk remedies. The aphrodisiac popular in medieval Europe was a beetle called Spanish fly. The scientific name is Lytta vesicatoria, which is actually not a fly, but an animal of the family Beetles, which China called a scorpion.
Grinding this beetle into powder and mixing it with other things to make medicine can cause inflammation in the lower body (swelling is my understanding and a man's dream) and maintain a lasting erection (isn't this the effect of Viagra? Friends who engage in scientific research can extract it from this fly, and maybe the next Nobel Prize in chemistry will be yours.
According to records, in ancient Greece, westerners knew that this kind of thing could strengthen the yang. When Caesar Octavian arrived in the Roman Empire, his wife put the medicine made of this stuff into other people's wine to induce others to belittle themselves and then extort money (this story is a bit strange, it is very likely that Caesar's woman wants nothing and extorts money).
Four. Fernando's cause of death and cause of death
Of course, historical records about this aphrodisiac are also very common. Let's talk about Fernando here. Naturally, after learning about this aphrodisiac, he tried to eat it with Xiao Jieman in his early twenties again and again. "Do your best and die."
Finally, Fernando really died.
It is said that Fernando died of edema. In fact, taking Spanish flies for a long time can cause edema, hematuria, abdominal pain and other symptoms. So edema is just a symptom, and the culprit may be this aphrodisiac (see an article by a researcher at UPF University: "Did Fernando really die after taking an aphrodisiac?").
As for Fernando's death, germain was only 28 years old. How could he stand loneliness? Unofficial history later recorded that germain had an affair with Fernando's grandchildren Charles V and Loyola.
In the last few years of Fernando's life, he ate countless Spanish flies and never gave birth to a son and a half. After Fernando's death, the Spanish throne of Castilla and Aragon was finally handed over to his grandson Charles V. Charlie was born in Ghent, Belgium, educated in France and spoke French.
Therefore, the Parliament of Castilla suggested that if Charles V wanted to rule Spain, he should learn Spanish. But Charles V was troubled by secular affairs, he had to deal with Francois I of France, he had to face the threat of Ottoman Turkish Suleiman I, the Italian battlefield and the situation in America. How can Charlie have time to learn Spanish?
When Charlie came to Aragon, he happened to meet his beautiful and mature stepgrandmother, germain. They found a bosom friend and inherited his grandfather's widow by learning Spanish. Later Charlie said: Spanish is the language of God. As for whether I have counted Germanic in my mind, it is unclear (see the article "Why is German always rejected?" Flirting in French or Italian? Can Spanish communicate with God? 》 )。
There are different opinions in unofficial history about whether germain had an affair with the Spanish royal family, the founder of the Roman Catholic Jesuits. But Charlie and Loyola are young and full of energy. Whether they all ate Spanish flies later is not recorded.
5. Learn about Spanish flies.
At present, Spanish flies and their extracts are strictly managed as highly toxic substances in drug management in various countries. If readers really want aphrodisiac, try Viagra instead of catching flies to tonify the kidney.
For middle-aged friends who have a sense of crisis in health, it is not recommended to catch this fly to soak "medicinal wine".
Write a note:
A search on the Internet shows that there are many aphrodisiacs called "Spanish Golden Fly", but don't be fooled. This thing is still very toxic. Drug administrations in various countries want it to be a prescription drug, or simply ban it. Don't listen to rumors and remedies