Who can follow in his footsteps in a thousand years?

Since the spring breeze, happiness should be everywhere.

With Chinese and western one. What's it like to live alone?

Song? Excerpt from Li Chi Ngai's "Broken Magnolia, Canal Not Changed"

one

In BC 188 (the seventh year of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty), Liu Qi was born in, and was born with the then acting king. Ji Du was a maid in Lv Hou, and was later buried with a generation of king Liu Heng.

In BC 180, Liu Heng was declared emperor. A few months after he ascended the throne, ministers asked him to become a prince. In this era, the queen and her four sons have died one after another. Liu Qi is the oldest philosopher in Liu Heng, so Liu Qi was made a prince and Ji was made a queen.

In BC 157, Wendi died at the age of 46. In June of the same year, Qi, who was 3 1 year old, succeeded to the throne, and was known as Emperor Han Jingdi in history.

Liu Qizun's grandmother Ji Bo is the Queen Mother, and Liu Qizun's mother Dou Shi is the Queen Mother. Dou's date of birth could not be verified, and he finally became the empress dowager. In the early Western Han Dynasty, before the establishment of Confucian orthodoxy, women had a higher social status and could exert greater social influence. Bo Xilai, Dou Taihou and Lv Hou all had a high voice in the state affairs at that time.

Liu Qi was in power 16 years, with clear domestic politics, economic development, cultural prosperity and social stability. Together with his father, he initiated "the rule of cultural scenes" and laid a material and cultural foundation for his son Liu Che's "the rise of Hanwu". In 65,438+0,465,438+0 BC, 47-year-old Emperor Liu Qi of Han Jing died, and posthumous title Xiaojing was buried in Yangling.

China 1 1 Nine emperors of the Western Han Dynasty were buried in Xianyang, Yuan Shang, and nine tombs were arranged along the east-west direction. Yangling is located in the easternmost part of the Han tomb community. The cemetery covers an area of more than 3,000 mu and is well preserved as a whole. This is the largest and highest-ranking royal cemetery site excavated and cleared in China so far.

two

Liu Qi is a bad-tempered young man, and he is not a generous and virtuous person.

When Liu Qi was a prince in Chang 'an, the son of Liu Bi, the king of Wu, came to Chang 'an to worship. The two were similar in age, so they drank and played chess together. In the process of playing chess, the two men had an argument over trifles. Liu Qi handled the conflict directly. He raised the chessboard and killed the prince of Wu on the spot. Wendi was shocked, but he didn't punish Liu Qi. He just sent someone to send the body of the king of Wu back to the state of Wu for burial.

When the body was sent to Wu, Liu Bi, the king of Wu, was deeply angry and refused to accept: Liu's descendants died in Chang 'an and were buried in Chang 'an, so why send them to Wu for burial!

The messenger pulled the body back to Chang 'an, and Wendi knew that he was guilty, so he was buried in Chang 'an. From then on, the prince of Wu was full of hatred for Liu Qi, saying that he was ill and would no longer enter the DPRK.

Liu Qi is narrow-minded, ready to report anything, and he is vicious.

Deng Tong is a small official in charge of navigation in the palace. He is gentle and cautious, loyal to his master, unwilling to make public and unsociable. Because this name sounds very close to "Deng Tong", Wendi, who began to pray for God in his later years and longed for immortality, liked this name very much, so he often asked Deng Tong to wait on him.

On one occasion, the world-famous warlock Xu Wei was a physiognomist. Xu Fu said: Deng Tong will eventually starve to death.

After learning this, Wendi decided to kill Xu's reputation and let everyone know that the future fate depends on the emperor, not the warlock's prophecy. Wendi gave all the copper mountains near his hometown to Deng Tong and granted him the right to make money. A few years later, Deng Tong was really rich in the world.

Wendi has a big abscess, and Deng usually sucks the affected area for him. Wendi Deng was very moved and deliberately asked Deng Tong: Who loves me the most in the world?

Deng Tong didn't take the credit, but replied: Of course, the prince loves your majesty the most.

One day when the prince entered the palace, Emperor Wen asked Liu Qi to suck the affected part for himself. Although Liu Qi is very reluctant, he can only do so. Later, Liu Qi heard that Deng Tong often smoked carbuncle for the emperor, which made him feel ashamed and resentful about Deng Tong. When Wendi died and Liu ascended the throne, all his property was confiscated immediately, and no one was allowed to provide relief, so he starved to death in the street.

three

Chao Cuo was a teacher and brain trust in the Qi Dynasty. After Liu Qi acceded to the throne, Chao Cuo was in favor, first doing literature and history, and then promoted to an imperial minister.

In order to consolidate the central government and increase the fiscal revenue, Chao Cuo put forward the policy of "cutting vassal states", and planned to gradually reduce the fiefs of vassal states, so as to defeat the strong with the weak. In terms of specific operating procedures, Chao Cuo proposed to start with Liu Bi, the most powerful warlord, to recover Huiji and two counties of Wu. As long as the fief of the prince of Wu is taken back to set an example, other governors will obey.

Liu Ying worked hard in fiefs for nearly forty years, privately minted coins, boiled salt and sold them, raised fugitives, and accumulated a rich family business. He has always held a grudge against Liu Qi for killing his son. Now, seeing that the court ordered him to take back his fief, he thinks he is likely to cancel his title. He thinks it is better to hold high the banner and perhaps sit on the throne of the emperor than to give up and be slaughtered.

Liu Bi raised the flag to rebel. He joined local governors to form 300,000 troops and sent troops to Chang 'an in the name of "Jun Qing side, over Chao Cuo". Seven princes participated in this rebellion, which was called "the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" in history.

Liu Qi was at a loss when the news of the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms came. At this moment, Chao Cuo's opponents in North Korea took the opportunity to vilify Chao Cuo's feelings of alienating Liu's descendants, which triggered a warlord rebellion and persuaded Liu Qi to kill Chao Cuo. Liu Qi didn't see the teacher's loyalty and patriotism at this time, but his heart was full of complaints about the rebellion caused by Chao Cuo's cutting of vassals.

Liu Qi then falsely accused Chao Cuo to the court, intercepted him halfway and put all Chao Cuo's family to death.

Liu Ying doesn't have much political and military talent. Seven rebels under his command were completely put down by Qiu Zhou Yafu in more than three months, and all seven kings died. Liu Qi took the opportunity to recover the rights of the vassal state from the central authorities and greatly abolished the number of officials in the vassal state. From then on, the princes no longer had administrative power and judicial privilege, and the six countries (except Chu) were abolished.

Chao Cuo was loyal to Liu Qi, but Liu Qi cheated the clan. After the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, Liu Qi neither restored the reputation of his mentor Chao Cuo, nor expressed his condolences. For a detailed story about Chao Cuo's murder, please refer to the preface to Analysis of Historical Figures in Qin and Han Dynasties: What's the use of reading history? )

four

Liu Qi doted on my concubine Li Ji in her early years and had three sons, headed by Liu Rong. Because the queen had no children and no pets, Liu Rong was named Prince Li.

Liu Qi has a good relationship with her sister, Princess Liu Pu of Guantao. Liu Piao wanted to marry her daughter to Rong, but Liu Rong's mother refused the marriage because she hated that Liu Piao often gave beautiful women to Liu Qijin. Liu Pu finally married her daughter to Liu Che, the king of Jiaodong (the son of Liu Qi and Wang Yi), but she held a grudge against Li Ji.

Children in-laws failed, and Liu Pu often spoke ill of Li Ji in front of Liu Qi, praising Liu Che's virtue. After a long time, Liu Qi also felt that Liu Che had both ability and political integrity and was more fond of this son.

Liu Pu has a plan to let her son-in-law Liu Che take the lead. She chose the right time to complain to Liu Qi: Li Ji often asked ladies-in-waiting to curse the emperor's favorite concubine with witchcraft behind her back.

Liu Qi didn't believe in such vicious things, but Liu Pu never gave up and ignored the emperor again and again. Liu Qi used to be ill. He asked Li Ji: After I 100 years old, you should be kind to other concubines and their sons.

Ji Li hated falling out of favor, but he didn't like other concubines. The straightforward Li Ji not only promised Liu Qi to show her mother's manners to the world, but also rejected the emperor. Liu Qi was disappointed in Li Ji and gradually believed Liu Pu's informer.

In the end, Liu Qi abandoned his long career and became a young man. Prince Liu Rong was abolished as Linjiang King, and Liu Che, the son of Wang Yi, was named Prince. Liu Rong also became the first crown prince to be abolished in Qin and Han Dynasties.

Liu Rong, Queen of Linjiang, was arrested for violating the land of the ancestral temple. Under the harsh interrogation of officials, Liu Rong committed suicide because of fear.

Although Historical Records records that Liu Rong was forced to death by the cruel official Zhi Dou. However, the academic circles generally believe that from the whole process of the incident and the reaction after Liu Rong's death, Liu Rong was forced to die by Liu Qi in order to clear the way for the new car to ascend to the throne.

Li Ji lacked political wisdom and didn't handle well the relationship with people around the emperor. Liu Rong not only lost the position of the prince, but also embarked on a blind alley. Wang Hao contributed to the marriage of his son Liu Che and Liu Piao's daughter Gillian, which not only made his son a success, but also made him a queen, even a queen mother.

five

Liu Qi has many shortcomings in personal moral conduct, but he has not left a bad reputation in history, and has been known as a wise king for thousands of years. Mainly because there was a prosperous pioneer before him-Wendi, who succeeded in inheriting and developing "Jingdi's succession". His son, Liang Wudi, is also shining with the aura of a famous teacher, laying a political, material and cultural foundation for the rise of Liang Wudi.

As far as historical contribution and political status are concerned, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty and Yong Zhengdi of Qing Dynasty have similarities. They are both monarchs who play a connecting role.

First, political achievements have been made.

Emperor Han Jing strengthened centralization and promoted the vassal regime through Chao Cuo. After the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" was pacified, the fief population of each vassal state was greatly reduced, and the counties in the vassal state were reduced from 42 counties in the reign of Emperor Gaozu to 26 counties, while the counties directly under the central government were increased from 15 to 44 counties, and the strength contrast between the imperial court and the vassal state was completely reversed. Moreover, it also introduced policies to weaken the power of vassal States, recover the right to appoint and dismiss officials, and only retain the "grain rent tax." Other high-profit undertakings, such as salt, iron-making and copper mines, are monopolized by the central management department.

Second, the economy and people's livelihood have developed rapidly.

Han Jing continues to implement the national policy of attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business, encouraging farming and mulberry, and immigrating to farm. Among them, "renting Changling field" to farmers who have no land and little land is equivalent to distributing all the imperial fields near Liu Bang's mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu to the people, which is rare in all previous dynasties. As soon as Emperor Jingdi succeeded to the throne, he reduced the land rent from fifteen taxes to thirty taxes, and customized this tax rate in the Western Han Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Jing's accession to the throne (BC 155), the age of male corvee service was postponed from 20 to 23, and an alternative option was provided, so that people could refuse to obey corvee, and everyone could pay 300 yuan every year.

The third is to curb tyranny and abolish harsh laws.

Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was more tolerant and kind to aristocratic strongmen and heroic groups, and their descendants annexed land and occupied a lot of social wealth. With the steady development of society in the early Han Dynasty, the polarization between the rich and the poor became increasingly serious. Emperor Wen reused Jia Yi, and introduced measures to prohibit aristocratic hero groups from casting money privately, annexing land wantonly, and opposing extravagance. But these people joined forces and accused Jia Yi of being "a novice, stubborn and confusing" and asked the emperor to deal with it. Emperor Wen of Han chose to yield in the face of difficulties, no longer adhered to the reform policy, and exiled Jia Yi to Changsha.

On the other hand, Emperor Han Jingdi was tough and strict in formulating and implementing the policy of containing the mighty. He used cruel officials such as Wang, Wang, Yan Yannian to punish lawless strongmen. During this period, the reform process was very difficult. According to historical records, during this period, "blood flowed for more than ten miles", "chestnuts were full" and "the mighty men held their breath and the neighboring counties were shocked".

Wenjing II Imperial Capital took the initiative to learn from the lessons of the previous dynasty and abolished harsh laws. Emperor Wen abolished three kinds of corporal punishment, namely, kneeling, kneeling, and the crime of libel and bad language. However, Emperor Wendi practiced flogging (beating the prisoner's back, buttocks or legs with bamboo/wooden boards). At that time, regardless of the number of flogging, people sentenced to 300 to 500 flogging were often killed or maimed on the spot.

Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty reformed, and the flogging was halved twice, at least 100. It is stipulated that the part to be punished must be the buttocks (relatively thick and not easily disabled); The length, width and thickness of instruments of torture are also clearly defined, and bamboo joints are not allowed to avoid the pain of prisoners; In the process of execution, the executor shall not be replaced, which will reduce the strength and reduce the chance of injury to the prisoner after the executor is tired. Jingdi also implemented measures such as "selling knighthood orders" and "libel law", giving prisoners a variety of punishment options and benefiting the bottom people.

The fourth is to create a revival of official culture.

The local official schools in ancient China were first established in Han Jing. Wen Weng, the magistrate of Shu County, attached great importance to education, and established a learning palace in Chengdu to recruit children from all counties to study in the palace. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty praised Wen Weng for setting up a school and ordered all counties and states to set up school officials. The local education in China began in Wen Weng during the Jingdi period.

Jingdi's thought is more open-minded. Apart from respecting the Huang-Lao School, the development of other schools is not prohibited. Jingdi appointed Dong Zhongshu as a doctor to teach Ram Spring and Autumn in the imperial court. This provided a prerequisite for the revival and rise of Confucianism in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

Fifth, actively defend peaceful diplomacy.

Jingdi continued to adopt a pro-foreign policy to appease the quartet. For the small harassment of Xiongnu in the north, Jingdi did not organize a large-scale counterattack, but paid attention to active defense. In several battles against Xiongnu, a number of outstanding generals emerged, such as "Flying General" Li Guang, "Undefeated General" Cheng Wu, "Warrior" and "National Soldier" Zhi Dou. Jingdi paid attention to moderate diplomacy and set up more customs in Xiongnu border areas to promote Sino-Hungarian trade, form a situation of mutual integration and dispel the factors of war.

In the first month of BC 14 1 year, Liu Qi was seriously ill. During his illness, he presided over the coronation ceremony for Liu Yuxin Che, who was 16 years old. Soon after, Liu Qi died in Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an at the age of 48.

The "governance of the cultural scene" brought about the prosperity of the early Han Dynasty. Liu Che, the successor, expanded his territory and gained great prestige. A powerful Han empire stood in the long river of Chinese national history.

Next notice: Queen Mother Wang Di has six concubines and 14 sons, and Liu Che ranks 10th in Wang Zizhong. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the emperor's wife was a queen, and Wang Yi was just a lady. Liu Che was finally made a prince and succeeded to the throne smoothly, which had the greatest relationship with Wang Yi's luck and wisdom.