Confucius Temple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius. Its shape is similar to that of the Confucius Temple in Qufu at that time. It consists of three courtyards, with Dacheng Hall as the center, and "Dacheng" means "masterpiece of Confucius". From south to north, the central axis is Qianshi, Dachengmen, Dachengdian, Chongshengmen and Chongshengdian in turn. Dacheng Hall is the main building, and its construction scale is second only to that of Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong.
Xianshimen, also known as Xingxingmen, is the gate of Confucius Temple, with 3 rooms wide and 7 purlins deep. The architectural structure with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain basically retains the architectural style of the Yuan Dynasty. Xianshimen is connected with the external walls of temples on both sides, just like a city gate.
Dachengmen was built in Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty, with 5 rooms wide and 9 purlins deep. The whole building is located on the tall masonry abutment, on the imperial stone in the middle, with the dragon pattern of seawater embossed, among which the five dragons play with pearls, which is lifelike.
There are 10 stone drums on both sides of Dacheng front porch, and an ancient hunting poem is engraved on the drum surface of each stone drum, which was copied from the stone drum relics of Zhou Xuanwang era in the 8th century BC.
The first courtyard of Confucius Temple is the place where the emperor prepared various matters before offering sacrifices to the Confucius. On the east side, there are sacrificial pavilions, well pavilions and chefs, which are used to prepare for the slaughter, cleaning and cooking of the three sacrifices required for Confucius. There is a treasury and a fasting hall on each side, which are used to store sacrificial vessels and prepare offerings.
There are 198 tall inscriptions on the imperial road on both sides of the First Hospital, including 3 in Yuan Dynasty, 77 in Ming Dynasty and10/8 in Qing Dynasty, which recorded the names, places of origin and rankings of the scholars in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, totaling 565,438.
The second courtyard is the central courtyard of Confucius Temple. Whenever there is a ceremony to worship Confucius, bells and drums will ring and music and dance will rise here. Dacheng Hall is the main building of the Second Hospital, the central building of the whole Confucius Temple and the most sacred hall in the Confucius Temple.
All the halls of Dacheng Hall are paved with gold bricks, which is the highest-level building in feudal society in China, comparable to the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City. In the center of the hall, there is a memorial tablet of Confucius named "Dacheng Zhisheng Wenxuan King", as well as a set of musical instruments and ritual vessels in the late Qing Dynasty, including chimes, chimes, harps, water beans, Deng and Jue.
On both sides of Confucius' memorial tablet, there are memorial tablets for sharing. Yan Hui, Kong Ji, Zeng Shen and Monk are called the "Four Major Competitions". There are 12 people on the east side of the temple, including Min Loss, ran yong, Duanmu Ci, Zhong You, Shang Bo and You Ruo. There are 12 people on both sides, including Ran Geng, Zai Yu, Ran Qiu, Yan Yan, Zhuan Xu Shi and Jia Zhu, who are collectively called "Twelve Philosophers".
Nine imperial plaques from Kangxi to Xuan Tong in the Qing Dynasty were hung inside and outside the main hall, all of which were precious praises to Confucius written by emperors in previous dynasties.
There is a Fuxing tree in front of Dacheng Hall, which is about15m high. It consists of two tree trunks with a circumference of 2.6 meters and 2.5 meters respectively. It looks like a pair of twin brothers standing side by side, showing people a unique style. According to records, this pagoda tree was planted by Xu Heng, the first place for offering wine in Yuan Dynasty, but why is it called "Fuxing Tower"?
According to legend, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, this pagoda tree had died, but during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, many new buds suddenly appeared on the branches, which eventually turned into leaves, withered and revived.
Imperial academy's teachers and students were amazed and praised each other. It coincided with the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cining, the mother of Qianlong. People think this is an auspicious sign, so they named it "Fuxing guohuai".
Hundreds of civilian and military officials wrote poems and paintings to celebrate. It happened that the university student sent Pu to the Confucius Temple to worship his teacher. After learning about this, he stayed in imperial academy for one night, and drew a picture of an ancient pagoda tree by using his expertise in drawing trees, which was rewarded by Qianlong.
According to the Beijing historical document "Textual Research on Old Things in the Sunlight", an ancient Chinese learning tree was planted by Yuan Minister Xu Heng. Read for a long time, wither, and reproduce the glory. When the last branch of Xin appeared again, Ci Ning was sixty years old and cherished all beings in the city, which was passed down as an auspicious thing.
Later, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty also wrote a poem "Poems on Imperial Chinese Studies": a shady tree in the Yellow Palace, a relic of the sages before Myanmar.
From the first year of planting to the year of Yuan, the last year of honor and honor.
Strange and Qufu, Ji Ling Yi Linggan.
To collect wealth for humanity, Fu celebrated his birthday.
Choking Qin Yingzao, green leaves moist.
The right phase is not exaggerated, and the origin can be passed down.
Gan Long's Poems of Ancient Huaitu, Jiangpu's Poems of Ancient Huaitu, and many ministers' poems were also carved on the tablet by later generations and stood beside the tree.
The third courtyard of Confucius Temple is the most distinctive one, which consists of the holy gate, the holy temple and the east-west attached halls. It is obviously separated from the first two courtyards but naturally transits, which reflects the ingenious conception of ancient people in the construction sector. This group of buildings is called Chongsheng Temple, which is a home temple dedicated to the ancestors of Confucius for five generations. During the reconstruction, the gray tile roof was changed into a green glazed tile roof.
Worship the Temple, also known as the Five Dynasties Temple, is 5 rooms wide and 7 purlins deep. There is a wide platform in front of the temple, with 10 steps on three sides of the platform. Memorial tablets dedicated to five generations of ancestors of Confucius and fathers of Yan Hui, Kong Ji, Zeng Shen and Monk.
The East-West Annex Hall, located on the masonry bridge abutment, is 3 rooms wide and 5 purlins deep, with a single eaves hanging from the top of the mountain. It contains the memorial tablets of Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Zhang Zai, Cai Shen, Zhou Dunyi and Zhu, six founders of Confucianism.
The Sanjin Courtyard and its buildings have obvious differences in building grades and functional divisions, forming a harmonious and unified royal sacrificial architecture community, which is an outstanding representative of ancient architecture in China.
After the completion of the Confucius Temple, Yuan Chengzong timur built the imperial academy in the west of the Confucius Temple according to the traditional regulation of "learning from the left temple", and the philosopher Xu Heng served as imperial academy's first wine offering.
13 13 In June, Yuan Mingzong built the Chongwen Pavilion in imperial academy, so that the Confucius Temple could enjoy the official city regulations. Chongwen Pavilion was the library of the Yuan Dynasty.
Yu Ji, Ouyang Xuan, Su Tianjue and Zhang Jian. In the Yuan Dynasty, they were also appointed as imperial academy to offer wine sacrifices. After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, imperial academy was once deserted.