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Analysis:

Lugou Bridge

The old Lugou Bridge, also known as Lugou Bridge, is located on the Yongding River in Fengtai District, about 15km southwest of Beijing. It is the oldest existing stone arch bridge in Beijing. Yongding River was originally named Lugou River, and the bridge was also named after Lugou. It was founded in the 29th year of Jin Dading (1 189) and rebuilt in the 9th year of Ming Zhengtong (1444). In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1698), it was destroyed by floods and rebuilt. The bridge has a total length of 266.5 meters and a width of 7.5 meters, and is divided into eleven culvert holes. There are 140 stone guardrails on both sides of the bridge, and there are * * * 50 1 lying stone lions on the stigma (data provided by the cultural relics protection department of Lugouqiao), which are different in expression and lifelike. There is a white marble tablet in the pavilion in the east of Qiaodong, titled "Lugou Xiaoyue", which is one of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing. Italian traveler Kyle Poirot praised "it is the best and unique bridge in the world" in his travel notes. Qiaodong is Wanping County, which was built in the 11th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1638). 1on July 7, 937, Japanese imperialism launched a full-scale war of aggression against China here. The defenders of China, the ancient city of Wanping, rose up to resist, which was called "Lugouqiao Incident" (also known as "July 7th Incident").

Stone lions on Lugou Bridge

Lugou Bridge is 266.5 meters long, 7.5 meters wide and 9.3 meters at its widest point. *** 1 1 There are ten pier holes, and the whole bridge body is covered.

Stone structure, the key parts of which are connected by silver ingots and iron tenons, is the longest ancient stone bridge in northern China. In particular, the construction method of piers and abutments is quite distinctive. The pier is boat-shaped, and the water facing the pier is built as a diversion point, which is shaped like a pointed bow and is used to resist the impact of running water. The stone carvings on the bridge are exquisite. There are 28 1 columns on the stone carving guardrail of the bridge, with the height of1.4m. Lotus leaf piers are carved on the stigma, and many stone lions are carved on the top of the columns. Numerous stone lions of different sizes and shapes are carved on the watchpost. There is a folk fable saying: "There are countless stone lions in Lugou Bridge", and the Ming Dynasty's "A Brief History of Emperor Scenery" also records that there are countless stone lions in Lugou Bridge. Many tourists want to find out this figure, but they are dazzled by counting it and finally have to give up. 1962, the relevant departments specially sent people to make an inventory, registered one by one, and counted 485 large and small stone lions. At this point, it should be said that this is a mystery. Unexpectedly, in the review of 1979, 17 was found again, so the total number of stone lions should be 502. Whether it will be found in the future, no one dares to draw a full stop The famous architect Luo Zeng described these beautifully carved and lifelike stone lions in the article "Lugou Bridge": "... some look up at the sky; Some eyes stared intently at the bridge deck; Some turned their heads to face, as if talking; Some are raising lions, as if calling softly; There is a stone lion in the south-east of the bridge, and one ear stands high, as if listening to the flowing water and the words of passers-by under the bridge ... It is really varied and vivid. " Famous bridges in the world are good at winning races, but Lugou Bridge is famous at home and abroad for its superb bridge-building technology and exquisite stone lion carving, which is a great spectacle at all times and in all countries.

Repair the old Lugou Bridge—

From the tenth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 14 12) to the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (A.D. 1555), the bridge was built six times. 6 times without major projects.

In the Qing Dynasty, from the first year of Kangxi (A.D. 1662) to Guangxu, * * * built seven bridges, five of which were smaller and only two were slightly larger.

In A.D. 1908, after the death of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, he was buried in Xiling, Yixian County, Hebei Province, to cross this bridge. Due to the narrow bridge deck, the stone fences on both sides of the bridge had to be temporarily removed, and wooden bridges had to be built on both sides to pass the coffin smoothly. Later, the stone fence was restored to its original state.

There is a white marble stone tablet in Qianlong Palace, which is engraved with "Lugou Xiaoyue".

From 1908 to 1949, there was no overhaul project for Lugou Bridge, only railings and stone lions were added in some places.

After the founding of New China, people paved the deck of Lugou Bridge with asphalt, and restored the pavilions, stone fences and column lions on the bridge.

At 1967, more than 400 meters of sidewalks were widened and 59 concrete beams were built.

1986, Beijing * * * specially established the "Lugouqiao Historical Relics Restoration Committee" to carry out the protection and restoration activities of the ancient bridge; Make overall plans, mobilize all sectors of society and organize emergency repairs. The project raised 3.55 million yuan. This project demolished 1967 to widen the sidewalk and concrete cantilever beam, and reinforced the original stone fence sentry box; The asphalt was removed and the bridge deck was repaired; At the same time, the ancient city of Wanping was repaired and the tower was restored. And comprehensively improve the pier. All sentry boxes, railings, ground coverings, bridge decks, huabiao, stone tablets, etc. of the ancient bridge are also protected from local weathering and leakage. When the bridge deck is renovated, there is a roof filling in the middle, which completely preserves the original state of the ancient bridge. From June 65438 to June 0997, some stone lions and watchtowers damaged by lightning were repaired and remedied.

197 1 year, in order to protect the old Lugou Bridge, a famous ancient bridge at home and abroad, Beijing built a new Lugou Bridge about one kilometer away from the old Lugou Bridge. This is a river-crossing highway bridge with a span of 17, with a total length of 54.99m and a width of15.5m.. Kangxi emperor