Some experts believe that the dating of Chinese dynasties should be rewritten from now on: from the earliest dynasty to Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, it should be changed to Liangzhu.
Under the leadership of the staff of Liangzhu Management Committee of Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, the reporter came to the ancient city site of Pingyao Town. The four city walls, east, west, north and south, are now lying quietly in the farmland, surrounded by a small number of houses.
The city wall left traces of the domestic garbage of the aborigines.
A hole was also dug in the wall of Beicheng, using the same loess and stone. The only difference is that "the pit of this city wall is elegant, and the rammed soil layer from the bottom to the surface is mixed with mud and sand, which is very regular." The sand layer is gradually thickened from top to bottom, the mud layer is gradually thinned, and the workmanship is very elegant. " According to Liu Bin's speculation, the black debris on the earth wall should be the domestic garbage left by the original residents.
The north and south of Liangzhu ancient city are branches of Tianmu Mountain, and the distance between the north and south and the mountain is roughly equal. East, West and Liangzhu Port flow eastward from the north and south sides of the city respectively. Fengshan and Luoshan are two natural hills, which are used in the southwest corner and northeast corner of the city wall respectively. Therefore, experts infer that when the ancients built the city, they obviously made a careful survey and planning of the geographical location.
The discovery of the ruins of Liangzhu ancient city was very unexpected, which was attributed to an infrastructure project in June last year to relocate farmers' houses in the protected area.
At that time, the provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology discovered a north-south river ditch in Liangzhu period when excavating in the west side of the highland of Pingyao grape fan site. This made Liu Bin feel that he had a chance, so he led archaeologists to dig deeper. Luoyang shovel goes down one by one (Luoyang shovel has a long handle and a semi-cylindrical shovel head. When driving into the ground, the shovel head can bring out a bucket of soil to distinguish the soil structure, color, density and inclusion. At a depth of more than 4 meters, the shovel head touched a stone, then shoveled to another place, and it touched the stone at a similar depth. When the soil was dug up layer by layer, a large stone was exposed. After local dissection, it was found that this highland was artificially piled up, with a width of more than 60 meters and a depth of nearly 4 meters.
As a result, archaeologists found that the whole land was actually rammed by hand-the soil was loess, which was obviously transported from the outside by hand, unlike the gray-black silt in Liangzhu area. Under the loess, there is a layer of stone, which is very smooth and should be picked from the surrounding area. Later excavation proved that this pile of loess was the western wall of Liangzhu ancient city, and the ditch under the rice field was a moat.
The west wall is about 1000 meters long and 40-60 meters wide, and it is connected to Fengshan in the south and Tiaoxi in the north. Next, the south wall, the north wall and the east wall were discovered in turn, which were also paved with stones and compacted with a lot of loess. The city wall surrounds the ruins of Jiaomo Mountain in the middle.
Compared with the western city wall, the other three city walls are relatively more elegant: the paving stones are much sharper, obviously dug by hand; The stones on the outside of the city wall are relatively large, and they get smaller and smaller as they go in; Sometimes adding a layer of black clay on the accumulated loess layer increases the waterproof ability of the city wall.
Archaeologists speculate that these traces indicate that the ancient people first built the Western Wall, and they had more experience in building the other three walls.
The power of ancient city civilization once influenced half of China.
Yan Wenming, a famous archaeologist and professor of Peking University, said that to explain the significance of Liangzhu ancient city, we should start from the height of "the influence of Liangzhu culture on China". According to the location, layout and structure of the Liangzhu site that has been discovered, experts believe that there was a palace at that time, where the king and nobles lived, and now the city wall has been discovered, which is equivalent to the capital of Liangzhu.
Liangzhu culture is mainly distributed in Taihu Lake basin, including Yuhang, southern Jiaxing, eastern Shanghai, Suzhou, Changzhou and Liangzhu in Nanjing. Further out is the expansion area, which reaches Anhui and Jiangxi in the west, northern Jiangsu in the north and close to Shandong. Liangzhu people fought to occupy this place. Further out is the influence zone, all the way to the south of Shanxi.
Visible Liangzhu forces occupied half of China at that time, without a high level of economic and cultural is impossible.
Some archaeologists believe that Liangzhu Ancient City is actually "Liangzhu Ancient City". With the discovery of Liangzhu ancient city, some people think that the dating of Chinese dynasties should be rewritten from now on-from the earliest dynasty to Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and then to Liangzhu.
This ancient city is about the size of the Summer Palace.
The city wall is 2 ~ 4 times wider than Xi 'an.
Zhejiang Institute of Archaeology recently released a major archaeological achievement-18 months later, an ancient city with an area of 2.9 million square meters was discovered at Liangzhu site, similar to the Summer Palace in Beijing. Judging from the ceramic fragments unearthed from the city wall, the age of this ancient city is not later than the late Liangzhu culture, and the specific architectural age needs to be determined after further archaeological work. Among the great sites representing the early civilization of China, Liangzhu site is the largest and the highest level, and it is one of the regions that have proved the scale and level of China's 5,000-year civilization history.
The ancient city is about 1500 ~ 1700 meters long from east to west, and about 1800 ~ 1900 meters long from north to south, slightly in the shape of a rounded rectangle, with a north-south direction. The residual height of some sections of the city wall is more than 4m, and the method is ingenious: the bottom is paved with stones with a width of 40-60m (the most complete existing ancient city wall in China-Xi 'an ancient city wall built in Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, with a bottom width of18m and a top width of15m), and pure loess is piled on it and compacted.
Yan Wenming, a famous archaeologist and professor of Peking University who came here specially, commented on the ancient city: this is the largest contemporary ancient city discovered in China at present, and it can be called "the first city in China"; It has changed the original understanding that Liangzhu culture is only a glimmer of civilization, which indicates that Liangzhu culture has actually entered the mature stage of prehistoric civilization development. It is another important discovery of China archaeology after the discovery of Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province in the last century, which will greatly promote the research process of China civilization history and the development of archaeology.
Liangzhu culture is a famous prehistoric archaeological culture distributed in the area around Taihu Lake, dating from 5300 to 4000 years ago. Liangzhu site is the central site and cultural naming place of Liangzhu culture, located in Liangzhu Town and Pingyao Town, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. 1986 The site of Liangzhu Mountain was discovered for the first time, and large tombs 1 1 were excavated, including pottery, stone tools, ivory and jade-inlaid lacquerware 1200 pieces. In recent years, the number of Liangzhu cultural sites has increased from more than 40 to 135, with various remains such as villages, cemeteries and altars.
Liangzhu, with a long history and outstanding people, is known as the dawn of Chinese civilization-the birthplace of Liangzhu culture. Liangzhu culture is a late Neolithic culture represented by black pottery and polished jade distributed around Taihu Lake basin. It was first discovered in Liangzhu in 1936, and it was named after 5300-4000 years ago. The dawn of Chinese civilization rises from Liangzhu, which is the holy land of Chinese nation and oriental civilization. National Cultural Heritage Administration has officially listed Liangzhu Site in the World Cultural Heritage List.
Edit this section of Liangzhu
Located in the scenic international tourist city-Xizi Lake in Hangzhou, about 10 km away from the center of Hangzhou, it is the central town of Yuhang District in Hangzhou. There are many scenic spots such as Yaoshan Site in Anxi, Liangzhu Culture Museum, Zhegui Bridge, Shen Kuo Tomb and Dongming Mountain Forest Park. With an area of 10 1.69 square kilometers, it has jurisdiction over 26 central administrative villages (6 villages such as Xiaoyangba are managed by the management committee of Liangzhu Site Management Zone in Hangzhou) and 3 communities. The permanent population is more than 88,000, and the floating population is more than 45,000. Hangzhou Ring Road North Line and East-West Avenue cross the whole territory; National Highway 104 and Quzhou Road leading to the center of Hangzhou run through the whole territory; Pantang Interchange starts from Nanzhuangdou, connects Quzhou Road and crosses the north line of Hangzhou Ring Highway, forming the largest multi-highway interchange in East China. Three vertical and three horizontal traffic patterns make Liangzhu a transportation hub in the north of Hangzhou. Xuanhang Railway, the East Tiaoxi Waterway runs through the whole territory from east to west, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south in the east of the town, forming a comprehensive transportation system of railways, highways and waterways.
Liangzhu, with the deepening of reform, the industrial structure has been greatly adjusted, the town's economy has advanced by leaps and bounds, and its comprehensive strength has been further enhanced. In 2005, the total economic output exceeded 7 billion for the first time, of which the total industrial output value was 6.34 billion yuan. The industrial economy revolves around the construction of industrial functional zones in Liangzhu, Anxi and Gouzhuang, and supports key enterprises, including enterprises with a scale of over 5 million yuan 138 and 9 enterprises with a scale of over 100 million yuan. Focusing on steadily promoting the adjustment of industrial structure, ensuring the increase of grain production and farmers' income, and aiming at promoting agriculture through science and technology, agriculture has formed advantageous industries such as "agricultural product processing, characteristic aquaculture and flower planting", completed the national land consolidation and transformation project, and further improved the production conditions; Strengthen the protection of Liangzhu cultural sites, adhere to the basic idea of "moderate development to achieve real protection", and vigorously develop the tertiary industry mainly in warehousing, logistics, commerce, real estate and tourism. At present, more than 20 key projects in China Liangzhu Cultural Village, Jinhengde International Automobile Logistics Plaza, Hangzhou Agricultural and Sideline Products Logistics Center, Zhejiang Products Group, Hangzhou Port Pine Container Terminal, Zhejiang Yifeng Decoration City and other provinces and cities have settled in Liangzhu.
The ninth Party Congress in Hangzhou put forward the urban master plan of "one master, three assistants and six groups", which is one of the cores of Liangzhu group and endowed with the connotation of "Northern Show". Facing the unprecedented development opportunities, Liangzhu takes "inheriting Liangzhu civilization and creating the pearl of the north" as its strategic goal, and makes every effort to sprint into a "double hundred" strong town (the total rural economic output is 654.38+000 billion yuan, ranking among the top 100 towns in the province), creating a "good business, strong culture and harmony", striving to build a new socialist countryside and keep pace with the times.