After the end of World War II, especially in the 1950s and 1960s, the global economy developed rapidly, and at the same time, environmental problems appeared constantly, which can be said to be an era of industrial development and public hazards. Since the 1940s, ecology has gradually become a "hard" science like biology, chemistry or physics, and gained universal recognition. The concept of ecosystem put forward by Tansley in 1935 is a major theoretical breakthrough in the history of ecological development. Before the concept of ecosystem appeared, ecology was influenced by Darwin's theory of survival competition, mainly studying natural history or natural history, and most of the research work was descriptive. In animal ecology, it mainly studies the reproduction, feeding habits, migration and life history of animals. In plant ecology, field investigation is the main way to describe plant community, study the influence of environment on a single plant, population or community, and study biological yield. After the concept of ecosystem was put forward, people did not fully understand and attach importance to it at that time, and ecologists still carried out research work according to their personal interests. From 65438 to 0942, Lin Deman published the article Quantitative Analysis of Ecosystem Energy Flow, which marked the beginning of the study of ecosystem energy flow. 1953, Odem published the book "Basic Principles of Ecology", which made ecological research pay more attention to the study of ecosystems, and had a great influence on the ecological circles at that time. Since then, many scholars have taken the ecosystem as the research object of ecology. With the rapid development of ecology, the research methods, research contents and tasks have changed greatly. Ecologists developed the theoretical basis of ecosystem ecology and began to solve practical problems. Ecology has changed from a single discipline and small-scale research to comprehensive research, such as studying the mechanism of human environmental damage, the degree and consequences of harm, the countermeasures and technical methods of ecological protection and construction.