Xingkai Lake is a Sino-Russian boundary lake formed by subsidence and accumulated water. One third of Lake Xingkai covers the area of northern China and southern Russia. It covers an area of 4,380 kilometers, the coastline is 90 kilometers long, the lake surface is 69 meters above sea level, the depth is 10 meters, the east-west width is 60 kilometers, the vertical distance from north to south is 140 kilometers, the north latitude is 4520, and the east longitude is 13240. * * * Into the Jiuhe River, the lake overflowed from the northeast and finally flowed into the Wusuli River. Xingkai Lake was originally the inner lake of China, and became the boundary lake between China and Russia after the agreement was signed in 1860. According to historical records, Xingkai Lake was called Meituo Lake in the Tang Dynasty, which was famous for its rich crucian carp. Because the lake looks like Qin Yue, it is called North Qin Hai. In the Jin Dynasty, it was changed to Xingkai Lake in the Qing Dynasty. Xingkai Lake, also known as Xingkai Lake, is a homonym of local Hezhe language Kenka, which means that water flows from high places to low places. Xingkai Lake is Manchu, which means water rat, indicating that there were many water rats in Xingkai Lake at that time. Xingkai Lake is a moderately eutrophic lake with a benign ecosystem. There are 65 species of fish belonging to 6 orders 12 families, among which the most famous are white fish and white shrimp. White fish is a specialty of Xingkai Lake and is listed as one of the four famous freshwater fish in China. In addition, there are silver carp, cuttlefish, abalone, crucian carp and lake shrimp. Crustaceans are mainly shrimp, which is one of the main aquaculture bases in Heilongjiang Province. Xingkai Lake is located in the migratory bird passage in Northeast Asia, and it is located in Mingshui area of Songgacha estuary every April. Resident birds 16 orders, 39 families 190 species, including 5 species of national first-class birds, namely red-crowned crane, oriental stork, white-tailed sea eagle, golden eagle and tiger-headed sea eagle. The key protected birds in Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve are also rare birds. Xingkai Lake consists of a big lake and a small lake, separated by a lake and a mountain. The mountains are lush and beautiful.
Xiaokai Lake is quiet and peaceful, with fish jumping, birds flying and sails dancing.
Daxing Lake, known as Emerald, has vast smoke waves, water and sky, boundless horizon and great momentum. Xiaokai Lake and Daxingkai Lake are separated by a 90-kilometer-long natural sand bar. The widest point of the sandbar is about 1 km. All kinds of trees naturally form on the sand mountain, where deer, mink, rats, pheasants and other animals thrive. There are 460 species of plants in Xingkai Lake, belonging to 3 orders 104 families. Among them, there are 9 kinds of national second-class protected plants such as Pinus densiflora and Sabina vulgaris in Xingkai Lake. The lake is connected with Wusuli River by Songgacha River. Xingkai Lake is a natural water body with flood control, water storage and drainage, irrigation and tourism functions. The central tourist area of Xingkai Lake is mainly divided into three parts:
It is the central scenic spot (farm area) of Xingkai Lake, with an area of 1.98 square kilometers.
It is mainly composed of Longwang Temple, Xiaoxingkai Lake lakeside bathing beach, Xipaozi wild fishing ground and wildlife viewing area.
The second is the newly opened scenic spot.
It is mainly composed of Liu Xinkai ancient culture site, water park and Daxing Kai lakeside bathing beach.
It is a scenic spot in Sanyu Port, which is mainly composed of 100 meter sluice and Huangjinhai Beach.
2. Sites of the New Culture Movement
Houma has many tourist attractions:
Qian Miao backstage
Taiqian Temple is located in the north of Xitaishen Village, about 8 kilometers northwest of houma city, and in the south of Fenhe Beach in Gucuiling. The temple covers an area of more than 7000 square meters from north to south. The architectural form is castle-like, with unique shape and unique layout. According to historical records, Taiqian is the fifth grandson of the Yellow Emperor. His ancestors were good at making bows and arrows. His surname is Zhang. He is a hero of water control earlier than the ancient Dayu. He cut mountains and dredged Fenhe River and Taohe River, and built water conservancy to benefit the people. He is deeply respected and admired by later generations and is known as the Fen God. In order to commemorate the historical achievements of harnessing Fenhe River in front of the stage
Comrades are great proletarian revolutionaries, politicians, outstanding state activists, staunch Marxists, the main founders of China, and outstanding leaders of our party and country. —— The former residence is located in Yaoshang Village, houma city, Shanxi Province, 1902 10 10/2. -Comrade was born in a two-hole cave in Xigou, Yaoshang Village. The cave faces west and east. There is nothing in the hole except a pit, a stove and some simple wooden furniture. -Comrade Fu Maogong, formerly known as Fu Maogong, lived in his former residence 19 years. At the age of 7, he began to help his father work in the fields and help his mother spin wool. 12 years old, went to a private school for a few days. 17 years old, admitted to the second senior high school in Quwo County. Under the influence of the May 4th New Culture Movement, anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic thoughts began to emerge, which were selected by students.
Jingudu museum
Jinbo Expo Park is located in Houma Shifu West Road. Covering an area of 2 hectares and a building area of 3,200 square meters, it is divided into two major parts and four exhibition halls, with 455 cultural relics on display. It is a museum dedicated to showing the culture of Jinxintian. The first part, the exhibition hall on the first floor of the East Building, is the exhibition part of the history of Jin State. It combines pictures and physical versions, reflecting the historical process of Yu Shu from the closure of the Tang Dynasty to the hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period and the rise of Sanjin. This paper mainly introduces the cultural relics unearthed from the tombs of the marquis of Jin and Qiaocun, as well as the contents of the Jin incident and economic development. The second part is the second floor of the East Building and the first floor of the West Building, focusing on the ancient capital Xintian, which is divided into three topics. The second floor of the East Building is divided into two topics, Xintian Ancient Capital, which introduces the distribution, classification, photos of excavation site and unearthed building components of the ancient city.
Jinguo ancient city
Hou discovered five sites of Jincheng. An ancient city in Niucun is called Niucun Ancient City, and an ancient city near Niuwang Village is called Wangping Ancient City. The ancient city is now buried about one meter underground. The southeast corner of Wanggucheng site overlaps with the northwest corner of Niucun site. Niugu Town is1340m long from north to south and 1 100 to1400m wide from east to west. The city walls are rammed with bricks. The south wall has a driveway fence, and there is a moat 6 meters wide and 4 meters deep outside the wall. Palace ruins, located in the north of the city. This temple is square.
National key cultural relics protection unit of Houjinguo site
Houma Jinguo Site Houma Jinguo Site (the first batch of national protection) Date: Eastern Zhou Address: The site where Fenhe and Uighur meet in houma city is adjacent to Zijin Mountain in the south and Linfen River in the north, with an area of about 35 square kilometers. There is Ma Shang Village in the south, Beiwu Ancient City in the north, Shentai Village in the west and Fengcheng in the east. The main sites found in the ruins of the State of Jin are ancient city sites, bronze casting sites, sacrificial sites, oath sites, ancestral temple building sites and cemeteries. Only palaces and terraces remain in the ancient city, including Niucun, Wang Ping, Shentai, Mazhuang, Wangcheng and Beiwu. Niucun, Wangping and Shentai, three ancient cities located in the northwest of the site, are large-scale and live next to each other in a word shape, and there are still large rammed earth platforms. The bronze casting site is located in the south of Niucun ancient city, covering an area of about 200,000 square meters. Found 10 sacrificial sites.
Back pass strategic air-raid shelter
The strategic air-raid shelter is located 2 kilometers southwest of Aikou Village, Ma Shang Office, houma city, and the South Tongpu Railway passes through its west side. The air-raid shelter is close to a ravine on the east side of the railway line, and seven caves are dug on the cliffs on the north and south sides, with a total area of 18000 square meters. The bomb shelter is made of brick coupons, 4 meters wide, 5 meters high and 50 meters deep. Brick coupons are about 1 m thick. The construction method is to select the site, trim the road sections on the north and south cliffs according to the terrain, dig soil pits, and then use brick coupons. Because it was far from the village, it was neglected for many years, which led to the collapse. nature
Qiaopuji Cave is located in the southwest of Doulonggou Village, Shangmaban, houma city, and belongs to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to Article 5 of Volume 75 of the Beijing Treaty, Puji Cave was built in Huanxi Village during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. There is only one brick pillow kiln in Puji Cave. There are three corridors with three wide sections in front of the cave, with a width of12.5m and a depth of 2.7m.. Not really. It doesn't exist now. Two cypress trees are planted side by side 4 meters in front of the cave. As the affiliated cultural relics of the temple, these two ancient cypresses are of great protection value because of their age, and belong to the category of cultural relics protection. In the 26th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty/16th and 40th years of Kangxi, there were more than 30 volumes of New Quwo County Records in Puji Cave, which are now in houma city Museum. Pudong was borrowed by houma city Buddhist Association 1997. Into the original three-hole cave building
Brick tomb in Jin dynasty
This brick tomb of the Jin Dynasty was excavated by archaeologists in the south of Niucun village in the western suburb of houma city in 1959, and was relocated and restored in that city that year. The wooden brick tomb was built in the second year of Jin 'an (12 10), that is, in the seventh year of Ming Dynasty (1 196), and its owners were Dong Ming and Dong Hai of Jin Dynasty. Both tombs are in the form of quadrangles, with the east and west wings of the south corridor and the north hall. The tomb wall is carved with bricks, depicting the owner's home life. Decorative flowers and plants in trees modeling are different, birds and flowers are fragrant, and they are very lively. The five colored statues carved on the north wall are very beautiful and rare. For example, Weichi Gong's sword and horse figures, such as Zhang Bianduo, are also heroic. Brick carving has a long history in China, but it was rarely found in Song and Jin Dynasties. This brick tomb is of great value to the study of ancient art, sculpture and drama in China.
Dongshi brick carving tomb
It was found in the capital construction site in the northwest suburb of houma city, Shanxi Province, and moved to Houma Workstation of Shanxi Institute of Archaeology on 1959 and 1969 respectively. The tomb owners Dong Hai and Dong Ming were buried in Changqi (1 196) and Da 'an (12 10) respectively. They are all tombs carved with imitation wood bricks, and the plane is square. Donghai Tomb, with two rooms, is a traditional quadrangle in northern China. The structure is complex, the proportion is appropriate, the brick is ground tightly and the technique is rigorous. The inner wall of the tomb is carved with feather flowers, figures of the Eight Immortals, drama stories, flying horses, deer running, lions walking and other animals, which are colorful and have high artistic value in architecture and sculpture. There is a small stage on the north wall of the Ming tomb, on which there are five figures of life, death, Qing, Dan and ugliness, which are lifelike and lifelike.
I hope the landlord will adopt it ~
3. Newly opened tourist attractions
Qilinshan Scenic Area is located in the north of Xingnong Town, Jidong County, 42 kilometers away from Jixi city center. 65438-0998 is a newly developed tourist area in Jixi. It is characterized by beautiful and charming natural landscape, steep peaks and waterfalls, similar to the landscape of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Qilin Lake in Qilin Mountain Scenic Area is far away from the urban area, and the lake is pollution-free and crystal clear. Xingkai Lake Tourist Area has beautiful scenery and magnificent momentum. It has vast sea, spectacular sea, calm lake, gentle lake, natural landscape, ancient tomb sites and cultural landscape for tourists to enjoy. It is a national nature reserve with rich natural charm in the north of China, and a bright pearl on the golden tourist line in the east of Heilongjiang Province. It is precisely because of the waves, beaches and dense Korean pine that Xingkai Lake is also called Hawaii in the north of the motherland by tourists. The newly opened Liugu Cultural Site records the ancient culture of China in the Neolithic Age 6000 years ago. At present, more than 2,000 stone tools, ancient ships and pottery have been unearthed in more than 30 ancient tombs and fish ponds. This is enough to prove that traces of our ancestors exist here, and it was named Liu Xinkai Website by archaeologists. Because of its picturesque scenery and profound human history, it has attracted the attention of kings of past dynasties. 1983, with the approval of the provincial government, Liu Xinkai website was established on the original site.
4. Kaibu Site Cultural Park
Yingkou belongs to Li.
5. What are the characteristics of the newly-opened cultural sites?
The origin of Jurchen nationality can be traced back to the newly developed Sioux culture about 6000-7000 years ago. Archaeologists in China believe that the primitive social site of Ying Ge Ridge is located in Anshi, Heilongjiang Province, at the southern end of Ningjingpo Lake, about 3,000 years ago, equivalent to the Western Zhou Dynasty. The historical evolution of Jurchen is as follows: Su Shenguo in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Kulou in Han and Jin Dynasties, Buji in Northern Wei Dynasty, She Yu in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Jurchen from Northern Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty.
Among them, Jianzhou Jurchen became Houjin and later renamed Manchuria. 1644 was destroyed and entered the customs, becoming China ruled by Manchu.
6. Historical sites and sites in Kaesong
North Korea became a member of UNESCO World Heritage Committee on July 2 1998. By the end of the 37th World Heritage Convention on June 27th, 20 13, North Korea has two world heritages, both of which are cultural heritages.
1. Koguryo Tomb (2004, World Cultural Heritage) 2. Historical Relics and Sites in Kaesong (20 13, World Cultural Heritage)
7. Newly opened ancient cultural sites
In, the research characteristics of Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Qin and Han Dynasties, Three Kingdoms to Ming and Qing Dynasties were initially formed.
1. Paleolithic Age
Paleolithic archaeology and paleoanthropology can be traced back to Beijingers about 500,000 years ago and Lantian people about 6,543,800 years ago.
And Yuanmou people 6.5438+0.7 million years ago, extended to late Homo sapiens such as Liujiang, and excavated a number of important sites such as Ding Cun in Shanxi and Guanyin Cave in Guizhou. Paleolithic culture expanded from Zhoukoudian in Beijing to the whole of North China, South China, Southwest China and Northeast China.
2. Neolithic Age
Neolithic archaeology perfected the classification and staging study of Yangshao culture, solved the relationship between Yangshao culture and Longshan culture, established Dawenkou culture and its relationship with Longshan culture, and defined the cultural era in Gan Qing.
Western Liaoning, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, East China, South China and other places have also carried out work and accumulated a lot of data.
Several new archaeological cultures have been established, and the Neolithic cultural characteristics in these areas since 4000 BC have been preliminarily defined.
Neolithic archaeology discovered Jiangzhai in Lintong, Dahe Village in Zhengzhou, Caoxie Mountain in Wuxian, Liu Xinkai in Mixian, Zengpiyan in Guilin, Shi Xia in Qujiang and Xinle in Shenyang.
And Rizhao East Island and Jiaoxian Sanlihe, Yuyao Hemudu, Ledu Liuwan, Lanzhou, Yanzhou and other counties, Linru Jingshan Park, Tangyin, Yongcheng Wangyoufang Qin 'an Dadiwan, Xiaozhushan, Zhijiang Guanmiao Mountain, tengxian Beixin, Changdu Kaluo and other sites.
Re-excavation of the Beishouling site in Baoji: It is particularly important to find Anhe PeiLigang in the middle Neolithic period in Xinzheng and Wucishan sites.
And the Taosi sites in Wang Chenggang, Xiangfen and Dengfeng excavated for exploring Xia culture.
3. Shang and Zhou Dynasties
Archaeology of Shang and Zhou Dynasties dates back to Erligang and Erlitou in the early Shang Dynasty from Yin Ruins in the late Shang Dynasty, and began to explore Xia culture. Archaeological excavations were carried out in Fenghao Site, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty King City and the capital of Jin State, and a number of tombs of princes were unearthed.
Many important bronze treasures have been discovered. Chen Zhu has "Water and Land Painting" and "Dating of Bronzes in Western Zhou Dynasty".
Shang archaeology, excavation of Erlitou site in Yanshi, Dongxiafeng site in Xiaxian, Wucheng site in Qingjiang, Dadianzi cemetery in Aohan Banner, Panlongcheng site in Huangpi, Zhengzhou Mall site, Taixi site in Gaocheng, Yinxu tomb and sacrificial pit in Wangling District, Nanjiagu site in Xiaotun and bronze casting site in Luoyang North Kiln in Western Zhou Dynasty.
And the storage of bronze wares of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Qishan, dongjiacun, the Western Zhou Tomb in Rujiazhuang, Baoji, the Tomb of Yan State in Liu Lihe, the Tomb of Qi State in Linzi in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Ancient City of Lu State in Qufu, the Tomb of Guo Cheng outside Handan, the Tomb of Zhao State in Handan, the Tomb of King Zhongshan in Pingshan, the Tomb of Jin 'an Chucheng in Jiangling, the Tomb of Tianxingguan Chu in Jiangling, the Tomb of Chu in Xichuan, the Tomb of Gudui after Gushi and the Tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suixian.
4. Qin and Han Dynasties
Archaeology in Qin and Han Dynasties, planned excavation of a city in Han Dynasty and Luoyang in Chang 'an.
Chang 'an Arsenal, Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Wangmu Tomb in Changsha Elephant Hill, Fenghuang Mountain Han Tomb in Jiangling, Buqianqiu Wall-painting Tomb in Luoyang, Ruyi Hou Tomb in Fuyang Shuanggudui Western Han Dynasty, Yinqueshan Han Tomb in Linyi, and Han Feng in Ejina River Basin.
Mei site (including more than 23,000 wooden slips), tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty on the dry beach slope of Wuwei (including a batch of medical bamboo slips), Xianyu Imperial Tomb in Yanmen, Wuqing, Tianjin, mural tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Helinger, Lingtai in Han and Jin Dynasties, iron smelting site in Guxing Town, Zhengzhou, Qin and Han tombs in Hezhang, Guizhou, and infant cemetery in Tashkur Township, Xinjiang.
5. Three Kingdoms to Ming and Qing Dynasties
Archaeology from the Three Kingdoms to the Tang Dynasty includes Luoyang in the Han and Wei Dynasties, Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties, Yichang, Sui and Tang Dynasties and Luoyang City.
Dadu and Beijing have carried out systematic archaeological work, excavated important tombs such as Sui, Tang 'an and Dingling in the suburb of An, and investigated ancient porcelain kiln sites and cave temples.
From the Three Kingdoms to Jiayuguan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the mural tombs in Wei and Jin Dynasties were buried, including Gu Yong Mausoleum in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yang Mausoleum in Shouyang, Gaorun Mausoleum in the Northern Qi Dynasty in Cixian County, Princess Tomb in the Eastern Wei Dynasty, and Tang Cheng in Demen, Changming County. There are temples and immortals in the Tang Dynasty.
And in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yangzhou City, Bozhou Tusi Family Cemetery, Zunyi Yang, Bao Zheng and their families' Northern Song Dynasty Hefu Tomb, Ningxia Xixia No.8 Tomb, Xuanhua Xiabali Village Liao Tomb, Faku Yemaotai Liao Tomb, Fuzhou Southern Song Dynasty Tomb, Southern Song Jintan Tomb, Dali Chongsheng Temple Three Pagodas, Jingdezhen Kiln, Qudou Palace Kiln and Tongguan Kiln. Archaeological work was also carried out in Quanzhou shipwreck and Xisha Islands in the Southern Song Dynasty.