Question 2: Is Einstein's thinking different from that of ordinary people? After the death of Einstein, the most outstanding physicist and the "father of relativity", his brain was taken out and his whereabouts were unknown. The whereabouts of Einstein's brain, and what is extraordinary about the smartest brain in history, has become one of the most legendary mysteries in the 20th century.
Recently, thomas harvey, an American pathologist accused of stealing Einstein's brain, was interviewed by National Geographic Channel for the first time, which completely exposed the absolute inside story of the whole incident. The most shocking thing is that Harvey, now 9 1 year-old, said that he actually cut Einstein's brain into 240 pieces for the convenience of research!
Einstein's brain was cut into 240 pieces.
1 April 1955 18 am1point 15, Einstein died at Princeton university hospital in new jersey, USA, at the age of 76. At that time, thomas harvey was the head of the Department of Pathology at Princeton University. Although he only met Einstein once, he happened to be the doctor who performed an autopsy on him. Harvey cut open Einstein's body, examined the organs one by one, weighed them and described their appearance, because people all over the world wanted to know the cause of death of this great scientist as soon as possible. Harvey finally announced that Einstein died of "ruptured aortic tumor", and Einstein's good friend and executor Nathan was also present to testify. Besides, Harvey did something unknown. He privately obtained the consent of Einstein's eldest son Hans and quietly took out Einstein's brain for scientific research. Hans and Nathan's condition is that the research results must be published in scientific journals.
After cutting off Einstein's brain, Harvey simply measured it. In addition to taking pictures to preserve the truth, he also invited a painter to sketch it. Then, he cut the whole brain into 240 pieces, and the position of each piece was recorded in detail and labeled. Finally, he went to the University of Pennsylvania, a trusted laboratory technician, to further process those brain blocks, selected brain blocks representing various parts of the brain, made a group of slices, and fixed them on glass sheets for microscopic observation. So Einstein's brain was put into 10 boxes for storing tissue slices and two large glass bottles. Later, he distributed some of the slices to people who were interested in studying Einstein's brain, had a sense of responsibility and research ability, and most of them were kept secret.
At first, Einstein's brain was considered normal.
Einstein's brain research once aroused great interest. But many previous studies have shown that the physicist's brain is no different from that of ordinary people. Three months after Einstein's brain was removed, Harvey sent it to the laboratory of Ms. Keira, a brain anatomist at the University of Pennsylvania, for research. After detailed examination, Einstein's brain is no different from ordinary people in the area, structure and weight of the surface cortex. His brain weighs only 1230 grams, which is slightly lower than the average level of men and is not prominent. The brain weight of some highly developed people (that is, talented people) really far exceeds this figure. For example, Turgenev, a famous Russian writer, is more in line with people's expectation of genius. His brain weighs 2012g, far exceeding the average level of human beings.
At that time, zimmermann, a medical expert, got a box because Harvey took his class at Yale Medical College. Zimmerman found that Einstein's brain was very normal. If there is anything unusual, his brain is healthier than that of his peers, and there are fewer signs of degeneration.
Einstein once had a mentally retarded daughter.
Some experts have found that Einstein once gave birth to a mentally retarded child with his girlfriend through the study of Einstein's letters and manuscripts, and then concluded that Einstein's genes are not necessarily superior to ordinary people, and there may still be some defects. The study found that Einstein fell in love with a female classmate of Serbian descent, Maric, and later lived together. Soon, they ushered in the crystallization of love, and Maritch gave birth to a girl named Lisa. Shortly after the child was born, the doctor told Einstein and Malik that their child might have serious problems, if not severe mental retardation or congenital stupidity. Sure enough, according to the doctor's warning, Einstein and Maric observed the child's serious mental problems. For example, a child can't laugh or even laugh after six months. Normal children will laugh for two months and laugh for four months. Some children seldom cry, don't cry immediately after being subjected to * * *, and are not interested in the people and things around them.
More importantly, Lieser has the unique facial features of children with congenital stupidity. The distance between the eyes is too large, the outside of the eyes is inclined, the mouth is half open, and the mouth keeps drooling ... >>
Question 3: How did Einstein's brain grow? In fact, before Einstein's death, the scientific community was very curious about his brain and wanted to know what was special about his brain. It actually put forward the paradox that "the faster the movement, the slower the time passes".
195 1 February, went to Massachusetts general hospital in Boston, USA for the latest EEG examination. After measuring the background value of his EEG (commonly known as "brain wave"), the researchers asked him to think about scientific problems and let the instrument describe the activity pattern of his brain. Einstein solved a quadratic equation in his mind, and the pointer of the instrument swung violently up and down. The researchers were admiring that they had the privilege of witnessing the brain activity of a peerless genius when the pointer suddenly calmed down. The researcher immediately asked him what he was thinking, but the instrument couldn't detect it. Einstein replied that he heard the rain and remembered that he had left his rain boots at home.
The first scholar to make an appointment with Einstein for brain research was Zimmerman, Dean of Einstein Medical College in new york. Zimmermann is a neuropathologist. He initiated neuropathology research at Yale University School of Medicine. Einstein agreed, but on one condition: the research results could not be published. Only later development, two people can't predict.
Einstein died at Princeton Hospital at the age of 76. On the morning of the same day, Dr. Harvey, director of the Department of Pathology, conducted an autopsy. Nathan, Einstein's good friend and executor, was present and confirmed that Einstein's death was a rupture of abdominal aorta.
In addition, Harvey did one thing. With the consent of Hans, Einstein's eldest son, he took Einstein's brain out and left it for scientific research. Hans and Nathan's condition is that the research results must be published in scientific journals.
According to Harvey's record, Einstein's brain weighs 1.23kg, which is lower than the average of men, and is not outstanding (the brain of mathematical prince Gauss is more in line with our expectation of genius, weighing 1.492kg, slightly higher than the average). Harvey made a simple measurement of the brain. In addition to taking pictures to preserve the truth, he also invited a painter to sketch it. Then he cut the whole brain into 240 pieces, and the position of each piece was recorded in detail. Finally, he went to the University of Pennsylvania, a trusted laboratory technician, to further process those brain blocks, selected brain blocks representing various parts of the brain, made a group of slices, and fixed them on glass sheets for microscopic observation.
So Einstein's brain was put into 10 boxes for storing tissue slices and two large glass bottles. Harvey distributed the slices to researchers he knew or trusted. Zimmermann got a box because Harvey took his class at Yale Medical College.
Zimmerman found that Einstein's brain was very normal. If there is anything unusual, his brain is healthier than that of his peers, and there are fewer signs of degeneration. As for others, even if they were shocked by Einstein's name, they didn't know how to study his brain specimens. The reason is that the difference between genius and ordinary people's brains has been inconclusive in academic circles.
It was not until 1985 that the first report on Einstein's brain was published, which was led by Professor Dimon, a neuroscientist at the University of California, Berkeley. Her team examined four pieces of Einstein's cerebral cortex, representing the left and right prefrontal lobes and the lower parietal lobe respectively, and 1 1 served as the control group.
They found that the proportion of Einstein's left parietal lobe, neurons and glial cells was smaller than that of ordinary people. Glial cells are the supporting cells of neurons. According to past studies, the ratio of neurons to glial cells in mammals has gradually decreased from mice to humans. Some scholars speculate that the more complex the functions performed by neurons, the more they need the support of glial cells. That is to say, in mammals, the ratio of neurons to glial cells can be used as a yardstick to reflect intelligence.
In addition, from the perspective of neuroanatomy, the cortex of the inferior parietal lobe is a gathering place for auditory, visual and tactile information. We have neuropsychological cases showing that after the injury of the inferior parietal lobe, patients can't think complicated, and their reading, writing and computing abilities are impaired.
The author infers from Einstein's "Confucius taught himself" that his way of thinking basically reflects the function of the lower part of the parietal cortex, so Einstein's revolutionary achievement is related to this histological discovery.
The second research paper was published in 1996 by Anderson, an assistant professor of neurology at the University of Alabama in Birmingham. He found that Einstein's right prefrontal cortex (motor area) was thinner than that of the control group, but the cortex was > >
Question 4: Einstein's brain? Einstein was smart for a reason. His brain is different from ordinary people: his brain is preserved for research; Scientists have found that his brain tectum is 0/5% larger than the average person/kloc-,and his brain tectum is not divided into two by a ditch like the average person, but merged into one, so it is inferred that this may be the source of "genius", that is, it is born rather than acquired. Wiltson, a Canadian scientist, and his colleagues recently wrote? Einstein's brain structure has two obvious "characteristics". First, his "sulcus gyrus" is much shorter than ordinary people, which helps Einstein's neurons to transmit information more easily and his thinking is more active than ordinary people; Second, Einstein's "parietal lobe" is wider than ordinary people 15%, which is where the brain is used for mathematical operation, video space and stereoscopic image thinking. This may be the main reason for Einstein's superhuman achievements in mathematics and space.
After the death of Einstein, the most outstanding physicist and the "father of relativity", his brain was taken out and his whereabouts were unknown. The whereabouts of Einstein's brain, and what is extraordinary about the smartest brain in history, has become one of the most legendary mysteries in the 20th century.
Recently, thomas harvey, an American pathologist accused of stealing Einstein's brain, was interviewed by National Geographic Channel for the first time, which completely exposed the absolute inside story of the whole incident. The most shocking thing is that Harvey, now 9 1 year-old, said that he actually cut Einstein's brain into 240 pieces for the convenience of research!
Einstein's brain was cut into 240 pieces.
1 April 1955 18 am1point 15, Einstein died at Princeton university hospital in new jersey, USA, at the age of 76. At that time, thomas harvey was the head of the Department of Pathology at Princeton University. Although he only met Einstein once, he happened to be the doctor who performed an autopsy on him. Harvey cut open Einstein's body, examined the organs one by one, weighed them and described their appearance, because people all over the world wanted to know the cause of death of this great scientist as soon as possible. Harvey finally announced that Einstein died of "ruptured aortic tumor", and Einstein's good friend and executor Nathan was also present to testify. Besides, Harvey did something unknown. He privately obtained the consent of Einstein's eldest son Hans and quietly took out Einstein's brain for scientific research. Hans and Nathan's condition is that the research results must be published in scientific journals.
After cutting off Einstein's brain, Harvey simply measured it. In addition to taking pictures to preserve the truth, he also invited a painter to sketch it. Then, he cut the whole brain into 240 pieces, and the position of each piece was recorded in detail and labeled. Finally, he went to the University of Pennsylvania, a trusted laboratory technician, to further process those brain blocks, selected brain blocks representing various parts of the brain, made a group of slices, and fixed them on glass sheets for microscopic observation. So Einstein's brain was put into 10 boxes for storing tissue slices and two large glass bottles. Later, he distributed some of the slices to people who were interested in studying Einstein's brain, had a sense of responsibility and research ability, and most of them were kept secret.
At first, Einstein's brain was considered normal.
Einstein's brain research once aroused great interest. But many previous studies have shown that the physicist's brain is no different from that of ordinary people. Three months after Einstein's brain was removed, Harvey sent it to the laboratory of Ms. Keira, a brain anatomist at the University of Pennsylvania, for research. After detailed examination, Einstein's brain is no different from ordinary people in the area, structure and weight of the surface cortex. His brain weighs only 1230 grams, which is slightly lower than the average level of men and is not prominent. The brain weight of some highly developed people (that is, talented people) really far exceeds this figure. For example, Turgenev, a famous Russian writer, is more in line with people's expectation of genius. His brain weighs 2012g, far exceeding the average level of human beings.
At that time, zimmermann, a medical expert, got a box because Harvey took his class at Yale Medical College. Zimmerman found that Einstein's brain was very normal. If there is anything unusual, his brain is healthier than that of his peers, and there are fewer signs of degeneration.
Einstein once had a mentally retarded daughter.
By studying Einstein's letters and manuscripts, some experts found that Einstein had given birth to a mentally retarded person with his girlfriend ... >>
Question 5: When sketching, you always draw unconsciously. How to solve it? Just look at your painting from a distance every time you draw.
Question 6: How many pieces of Einstein's brain are there? In which countries? After the death of Einstein, the most outstanding physicist and the "father of relativity", his brain was taken out and his whereabouts were unknown. The whereabouts of Einstein's brain, and what is extraordinary about the smartest brain in history, has become one of the most legendary mysteries in the 20th century. Recently, thomas harvey, an American pathologist accused of stealing Einstein's brain, was interviewed by National Geographic Channel for the first time, which completely exposed the absolute inside story of the whole incident. The most shocking thing is that Harvey, now 9 1 year-old, said that he actually cut Einstein's brain into 240 pieces for the convenience of research! Einstein's brain was cut into 240 pieces. After cutting Einstein's brain, Harvey made a simple measurement of the brain. In addition to taking pictures to preserve the truth, he also invited a painter to sketch it. Then, he cut the whole brain into 240 pieces, and the position of each piece was recorded in detail and labeled. Finally, he went to the University of Pennsylvania, a trusted laboratory technician, to further process those brain blocks, selected brain blocks representing various parts of the brain, made a group of slices, and fixed them on glass sheets for microscopic observation. So Einstein's brain was put into 10 boxes for storing tissue slices and two large glass bottles. Later, he distributed some of the slices to people who were interested in studying Einstein's brain, had a sense of responsibility and research ability, and most of them were kept secret. At first, Einstein's brain was regarded as normal. Einstein's brain research once aroused great interest. But many previous studies have shown that the physicist's brain is no different from that of ordinary people. Three months after Einstein's brain was removed, Harvey sent it to the laboratory of Ms. Keira, a brain anatomist at the University of Pennsylvania, for research. After detailed examination, Einstein's brain is no different from ordinary people in the area, structure and weight of the surface cortex. His brain weighs only 1230 grams, which is slightly lower than the average level of men and is not prominent. The brain weight of some highly developed people (that is, talented people) really far exceeds this figure. For example, Turgenev, a famous Russian writer, is more in line with people's expectation of genius. His brain weighs 2012g, far exceeding the average level of human beings. Einstein once had a mentally retarded daughter. Some experts found that Einstein had given birth to a mentally retarded child with his girlfriend through the study of Einstein's letters and manuscripts, so they concluded that Einstein's genes were not necessarily superior to ordinary people, and there might be some defects. The study found that Einstein fell in love with a female classmate of Serbian descent, Maric, and later lived together. Soon, they ushered in the crystallization of love, and Maritch gave birth to a girl named Lisa. Shortly after the child was born, the doctor told Einstein and Malik that their child might have serious problems, if not severe mental retardation or congenital stupidity. Sure enough, according to the doctor's warning, Einstein and Maric observed the child's serious mental problems. For example, a child can't laugh or even laugh after six months. Normal children will laugh for two months and laugh for four months. Some children seldom cry, don't cry immediately after being subjected to * * *, and are not interested in the people and things around them. More importantly, Lieser has the unique facial features of children with congenital stupidity. The distance between the eyes is too large, the outside of the eyes is oblique, the mouth is half open, the mouth keeps drooling, and the nose is low. Of course, Einstein and Maric were deeply saddened by this situation that their parents didn't want to see. Although Einstein was not famous at that time, both Einstein and Marich were college students. According to the popular saying, they are also people with high IQ. It would be embarrassing if people knew that people with high IQ like them also gave birth to children with dementia. Later, the two handed over the child with dementia to Maric's parents in his hometown of Serbia, and Einstein's experience was little known. Special features in the brain were discovered one by one. In 1980s, Harvey resumed his research on Einstein's brain. He distributed many slices to scientists in America, Canada, Germany and other countries. From 65438 to 0985, the research team led by Professor Dimon, a neuroscientist at the University of California, Berkeley, examined Einstein's four cerebral cortex. They found that the ratio of neurons to glial cells in Einstein's left parietal lobe was less than that of ordinary people. Glial cells are the supporting cells of neurons. According to past studies, the ratio of neurons to glial cells in mammals has gradually decreased from mice to humans, and some scholars speculate that the more complex the functions performed by neurons, ... & gt
Question 7: Was Einstein's brain really stolen? 1955 April 18 am 1, the assistant nurse found that Einstein had difficulty breathing. She wanted to call a doctor, so she went to the door. Suddenly she heard Einstein say a few words in German, but the nurse could only understand English, so she approached the bed. At this time, he took two deep breaths and died suddenly. Now it is 1 am, 15 am. Einstein died of ruptured aortic tumor on April 1955. On April 19, Ms. Shafer, a fifth-grade teacher at Valley Road Primary School in Princeton, New Jersey, USA, asked her students, "Do you know any news these two days?" A little girl stood up first and couldn't wait to say, "Einstein is dead." Her face is written with pride in being able to publish important news. Her voice did not fall, and Arthur, a boy who usually sits quietly at the back of the classroom, continued, "My father got his brain." He's right. His father is Thomas? Harvey, the man who stole Einstein's brain. As early as 1948, Einstein knew that his time was running out. Respiratory diseases and anemia are not a big problem, but an aneurysm the size of grapefruit found in the abdominal cavity is fatal. The doctor warned that it could rupture at any time. "Then let it crack," Einstein was very calm in the face of the threat of death. But there is one thing Einstein has been worried about, and that is his body. He clearly knows that people's worship of him has reached the level of superstition. Once I went to Geneva, a girl who was crazy about him even wanted to cut off a lock of his hair. He wanted peace under the grave, so he said he would cremate his body after he died. 1April, 955/morning of kloc-0/8 15, Einstein died in Princeton university hospital at the age of 76. Otto, Einstein's best friend and executor? Nathan is in charge of everything. With the consent of Einstein's son Hans, Harvey, director of the hospital pathology department, dissected the body. Harvey, 42, met Einstein only once, but he was lucky enough to be the brain guardian of this genius. Harvey dissected Einstein's body, examined the organs one by one, weighed and described the appearance of the organs, and answered the question that the whole world wanted to know: Einstein died of "rupture of a large aneurysm." The loyal defender of the brain recalled the past in an interview with National Geographic Channel recently. Harvey, who is over 90 years old, is filled with emotion: "I feel great honor because I am in the right position at the right time. That was the most important moment in my life. " He said: "I have kept Einstein's brain well since I cut it off. I injected preservatives into the cerebral artery and took many photos from all angles. " At that time, he also hired a painter to sketch the brain. Hans was very dissatisfied after reading the news that his father's brain had been removed in the newspaper. He called Harvey angrily and told him that his father didn't propose using his body for research, and he didn't want to make a fuss after his death. Harvey apologized for offending Einstein's family, but he argued that Hans had agreed to the autopsy in advance, and at the hospital at that time, the standard autopsy procedure included removing the brain. What's more, Einstein's brain is particularly precious and of great research value. "He is a genius. If I leave it there, I will regret it all my life." Since then, Harvey has called Hans many times to explain the scientific value of preserving Einstein's brain. Finally, he vowed to be a faithful defender of Einstein's brain. "I will take good care of it and never use it for personal gain ... I will only use it for scientific research and the research results will only be published in scientific journals." Hans was finally persuaded to let Harvey keep his father's brain. For the convenience of research, Harvey cut Einstein's brain into 240 pieces and marked the position of each piece in detail. He put them in 10 boxes for storing tissue slices and two large jars, and kept them carefully.
Question 8: Find a modern sketch artist in China, or his works, most of which are painted with carbon rods. People who like to steal his paintings like it best.