In Germany, there are obvious regional differences in architectural styles, and fresh and lively Baroque buildings can be seen everywhere in Bavaria, southern Germany. In northern Germany, most of them are solemn and rigorous Gothic buildings. Buildings in various places are inseparable from the cultural traditions of other districts. But as far as the architectural styles of castles and churches are concerned, apart from regional differences, there is also an important factor, that is, the time difference of buildings, because in the historical development of Europe, the architectural styles of different periods are obviously different, which can be divided into Romanesque architecture, Gothic architecture, Baroque architecture, Renaissance architecture and classicism architecture. Churches built in different times must have obvious characteristics of the times. For example, Freiburg Cathedral in Baden-Wü rttemberg in southern Germany was built in 1340, which was the most exquisite and charming building in Europe during the Gothic period (1200 ~ 1500). It is a typical St. Peter's Cathedral in Cologne (built at 1400). This kind of building is straight as a whole, with its spire pointing to the sky, giving people a feeling of getting rid of all the burdens in the world. The architectural style of Romanesque architecture is distinct in appearance, with doors, windows and arcades in semicircle, barrel or cross arch, which gives people a heavy, solid and steady feeling. The memorial church in Spayer, with a tower height of 96.75 meters, is the largest Romanesque building in Germany. As typical representatives of Baroque and Rococo architecture, there are Banz, Hertar Abbey Church, Fourteenth Saint Cathedral and Weiss Church near Stangarton. This kind of building has gorgeous appearance, tortuous lines and dim light, and the whole building gives people a magnificent and vibrant feeling. The "Unintentional Palace" built by Prussian King Friedrich II in Potsdam can be regarded as a pearl in Rococo architecture.

Romanesque architecture, also known as Romanesque architecture, is an architectural style from the 9th century A.D. to the beginning of the 65438+3rd century, which was named after the use of ancient Roman-style rolls and arches. Roman architecture is dominated by churches. The main features are thick masonry walls, narrow windows, semi-circular arches, door frames picked out layer by layer and tall towers. Romanesque architecture of the church gives people a majestic and solemn impression. Worm Cathedral is a typical representative of Romanesque architecture.

Gotik is a popular architectural style from 13 to 16 century. It first appeared in France, and was later introduced to Germany and carried forward. Gothic buildings are mostly churches, but also secular buildings such as city halls. It is characterized by the extensive use of pointed arches with light lines, tall and straight spires, light and transparent flying arches and slender flower windows inlaid with colored glass. In addition, there are many brick Gothic churches in North Germany.

Baroque art style originated in Italy. German architects combine Italian baroque style with German national architectural style. By the first half of18th century, German Baroque architecture had become a wonderful work in the history of European architecture. This is mainly used in churches and palaces. It is characterized by soft modeling, the use of curves and surfaces, the pursuit of dynamic, like gorgeous decoration and sculpture. Baroque style has the function of expressing mysterious religious atmosphere in the church, and it gives people a magnificent sense of luxury when used in palaces and mansions. The Palace Church in Dresden and the Bishop's Palace in Wü rzburg are two examples of baroque architecture. Later, on the basis of baroque style, a delicate architectural decoration style called Rokoko was developed.

Klassizismus was popular in the second half of18th century and19th century. At that time, people were influenced by the Enlightenment and admired the ancient Greek and Roman culture. In terms of architecture, colonnades, temples, Arc de Triomphe and Jigong columns in ancient Greece and Rome have all become examples to follow. Classical architectural styles are mainly public buildings such as museums and theaters and some memorial buildings. The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin is one of them, which is based on the gate of the Acropolis in Athens.

Renaissance is an architectural style with the emergence of humanism, which first arose in Italy and has been popular in Germany for about 100 years since the16th century. It pays attention to the neatness, unity, proportion and order of the architectural outline. The middle of the composition is prominent, and the two emperors are symmetrical. Sometimes there are niches and statues between the windows. In Germany, the Renaissance style is mainly used in secular buildings, such as city halls, palaces, rich businessmen's houses and so on. The most mature architectural examples are Augsburg City Hall and other places.