Qishan in the southwest of Laiyuan County was called Laishan in ancient times, and Laishui originated at the foot of the mountain. Because of the fast-flowing water, such as the giant Ma Benteng, it is commonly known as Juma River. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote in the Water Classic Note: "Juma River leaves Laishan, Guangchang County." . The area of Laishan Mountain is not large, because one mountain is divided into seven peaks, also known as "Seven Mountains", which was later misrepresented as Qishan Mountain, and the annex is the place where flags are planted. Qishan is located on the stratigraphic fault zone, and granite blocks the infiltration of flowing water, thus forming a karst rising spring in the southeast of Laiyuan City. There are Qishan Spring, Nanguan Spring and Beihai Spring near the county seat respectively.
After the Qing Dynasty, people named these three springs "Laishui Source", "Yishui Source" and "Juma River Source" to commemorate that Juma River was once called "Yishui and Laishui". After the confluence of the three sources, four groups of springs merged into the southeast exit of Shimen Village, namely Shimen Spring, du cun Spring, Fang Quan Qianquan and Fang Quan Houquan. These seven groups of springs together constitute the source of Juma River. Laiyuan spring group is the main water source of Juma River. A large amount of spring water gushed from the underground near the county seat, flowing through Yixian, Laishui and Fangshan in Beijing, and finally returning to Haihe to Bohai, with a total length of 70 kilometers. It is the only continuous river that originated in Hebei Province. In history, Juma River has a large amount of water and a fast flow rate, and the upper reaches cut the mountains on both sides obviously. The famous Du Shi and Yesanpo are both karst landforms shaped by Juma River.
Laiyuan ancient town is Guangchang ancient town. Brick city was built in the 13th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1380), with a circumference of three miles and eighteen steps. The city wall is three feet high, with two gates, north and south. There are 8 17 stacks around the city wall, and the corners are built with turrets. In the 18th year of Jiajing (1539), Nanguan Tucheng was expanded and five gates were opened, forming a convex pattern similar to the old city of Beijing. It can be seen that the Nanguan area of Laiyuan has always been a place where people gather and businesses flourish because of its abundant springs. Today, the old bus station, Yuquan shopping mall, supermarket clothing city and free market are still located near Nanguan.
I walked along Shahe South Street, and the roadside market was bustling, with almost everything from pots and pans to clothing and farm tools, food stalls, glasses, shoes and hats, and antique furniture. The impression of the old county seems to be like this. Historically, Laiyuan County has always been under the jurisdiction of Shanxi, so the traditional houses in the city are all in northern Shaanxi style, with loess walls, wide street doors and blue bricks and tiles. In the 11th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1733), Yong Zhengdi discovered that the main peak of Yongning Mountain was located in Laiyuan, and changed Guangchang County to Hebei. After the founding of New China, the old city walls and gates were demolished one after another, leaving only a few historical sites such as Ge Yuan Temple, Taishan Palace and Xingwen Pagoda.
Laiyuan County is a small place, surrounded by towering mountains, criss-crossing streams, unique landforms and close to the ancient Flying Fox Road, thus forming many natural and cultural landscapes. After the Ming Dynasty, local literati integrated twelve scenes in Guangchang, namely: White Stone Clear Clouds, Return of Fragrant Hills, Courtyard Bells, Ladder Waterfalls, Iron Wall of Flying Fox, Songtao of East Tower, Convergence of Lion, Four Scenes of Milo, Minglou, Sunset in Zhenhai, Reflection in Bitan and Sunrise in Ancient Cave. Later generations made these twelve landscape poems into woodcuts, leaving precious materials. Since modern times, most of these landscapes have disappeared due to natural and human factors. Some restored in recent years, such as Xiangshan, Dengti Waterfall and Chaoyang Cave, are all rebuilt according to old woodcuts.
The most famous landscapes near Nanguan are the Three Sources of Juma River, Laiyuan Beihai Spring, Yiyuan Nanguan Spring and Jumayuan Banner Mountain Spring. Although Ma Yuan is located at the foot of Qishan Mountain in the southwest, before liberation, the spring water was a single Kong Quan with a spurt of water. In the late 1950s, in order to further expand the water source, the local area used explosives to blow up the spring cave, which failed. Since then, Qishan spring has become an undercurrent and scattered into several Koizumi caves downstream, and it has never existed since then. Yishuiyuan is in Nanguan, and many springs flow out of a wetland, which is now Nanguan Spring Park.
The most famous of the three sources is Laiyuan Beihai Spring, hence the name of the county seat. Nearest to the urban area, Beihai Spring has long been recognized as the positive source of Laishui. According to the ancient local legend, the water in the North Sea emerged from here, and then the sea receded, leaving only one sea eye. The water quality of Beihai spring belongs to the national first-class fresh water, calcium carbonate magnesium type, and a large amount of water and alkali will be formed when boiling water. The water temperature is around 7 degrees all the year round, and it is cold in summer. In winter, due to the temperature difference, the fog around Beihai Spring is like a fairyland.
Since the Tang Dynasty, there have been temple pagodas near Yan Quan. Now, Xingwen Pagoda built in the Tang Dynasty and Taishan Palace in the Ming Dynasty still remain on the hillside in the north. This was once Songtao, one of the twelve scenic spots in Guangchang. Xingwen Pagoda was built in the third year of Tianbao in Tang Dynasty (744), and then rebuilt. Now it is a five-story octagonal attic-style solid tower with a height of 27 meters, which consists of three parts: Xumi Mountain Tower, Tower Body and Tower Brake. The first floor of the tower is the highest, and the top is decreasing step by step. The whole tower adopts brick-like wooden components, and the outer circle of the tower uses brick-like wooden railings. It seems that you can climb up from a distance, but it's fake at close range. Most of the existing attic-style brick towers in Liao Dynasty are wooden railings, and the brick railings of this tower are rare, presumably added during the later repair.
Xingwen Tower was originally a style tower, which was jointly built by local coin-making workshops in an effort to revive the local style. The first floor of the tower is inlaid with a white marble stone tablet, which reads: "Qian Fang casts millions every day, and thousands of craftsmen are immortal." Tianbao Sanzai built this tower, which will last forever. "The ancients often used the word' spring' instead of the word' money' to build a tower where the spring water gushed out, and the goddess of jellyfish was enshrined in the tower, so that the financial resources did not flow out. Historically, Laiyuan area is rich in copper, silver and other mineral deposits. It used to be an important place for royal coinage, which is much richer than it is now.
Taishan Palace was built in the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, but what it was originally dedicated to is unknown. The existing building was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, dedicated to Bi Xia Yuan Jun, the daughter of Mount Tai. China folks have always had a belief system of "North Yuan Junnan Mazu". The two goddesses, representing the mountain gods and the sea gods respectively, helped the people to solve various intractable diseases, both of which appeared in the Song Dynasty and became popular after the Yuan Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was also a thousand Buddhist temples in the east of Mount Taishan Palace. The two schools of Buddhism and Taoism are separated from each other on the east and west sides, and they live in harmony. In the 18th year of Jiajing (1539), Meng Yongbao, the owner of Taishan Palace, and Shi Dezhou, the abbot of Qianfo Temple, invested in repairing Xingwen Pagoda, which is a much-told story.
In the past, a grand temple fair was held in front of Mount Tai Palace on April 18th of the lunar calendar. After liberation, Taishan Palace was used as the school building of Laiyuan No.1 Middle School for a long time. Dozens of towering Gu Song plants were cut down to make tables and chairs, and the landscape of Songtao in the East Tower ceased to exist, leaving only the mountain gate and the front hall in the temple. After 1990s, a new school gate was opened in the west of County No.1 Middle School, and Taishan Palace resumed its religious activities. Now the temple is open for free, and there is also a fund-raising office next to the front of the main hall to raise funds to rebuild the back hall in the traditional way.
Beihai spring has two natural springs, north and south. 19 12 years, converted into two spring pools in the north and south. The spring pool in the north is named "Zhongshan Pool" in memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen; There is an octagonal pavilion in Nanchi, named "Shui Xin Pavilion", with the words "the first spring in Beihai" inscribed in front of it. After liberation, there is a monument to martyrs in the pavilion. In the afternoon, the sun shines directly into the pool, and the water in the pool is blue and very clear. As soon as I reached the bottom, there were some old fishermen on the bank of Nanchi. They leaned over and looked at it, and what they got was a small white strip. It is said that the fish in it didn't grow up because the water temperature was too low. The water is clear, so there is no fish.
Beihai Spring flows south from here, joins Qishan Spring and Nanguan Spring, and flows east along Baiquan Road. These three springs formed three parallel streams in the past, and finally gathered near Niuxin Mountain. This section of the river is not frozen in winter, and the water vapor is transpiration, which forms the "easy confluence" in the 12 scenic spots in Guangchang. Niuxinshan is located five miles southeast of the county seat. The mountain is not high, and there is a boulder in the shape of a bull's heart. There are Bigan Temple and Xianmiao Temple on the mountain. According to legend, Bigan has seven holes and exquisite hearts, corresponding to the seven peaks of Laishan. The origin of the fairy temple seems to have been established from the legend of the cowherd and the weaver girl. Before liberation, there was a formal bull market at the foot of the mountain. In the 1960s, this temple was destroyed, and it is now being rebuilt in the near future.