Review the experience of the rise of great powers 1
Seeing the rise of great powers has given me a real understanding of world history. Based on historical facts, this film describes the course of nine countries, including Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands and Britain, from the15th century to dominate the world and become superpowers in 500 years.
But it reminds me of China's pathetic closed-door policy, which led to China's backwardness. Since 1500, European powers have appeared one after another, leading Europe into a new era of being the first in the world. With the improvement of navigation technology 500 years ago, mankind finally has a real world view.
There have been colonial powers Portugal and Spain, both of which have the characteristics of early powers. They plundered other countries' resources and enriched their national strength. However, resources are limited, and the consumption of the country and the people is infinite, so it is impossible to develop its own economic characteristics, and ultimately it is impossible to maintain its position as a powerful country in unlimited consumption. This makes us understand that plunder can only be a temporary strength, and the most important thing is to develop our own national economy and stand firm as a world power.
In this book, whether Portugal or Spain on the Iberian Peninsula become the ocean hegemon through ocean exploration, or the business empire founded by the Netherlands with a series of modern financial and commercial systems. These European powers regard commerce and free trade as the basic conditions for the rise of great powers through institutional and institutional innovation, scientific and cultural development. The Netherlands, whose area is only twice that of Beijing, is the first country in the world to establish a stock exchange and a bank credit system.
It was the innovation of this economic system that profoundly influenced the modern economy and made such a small country stand out as a world power at that time. Britain's first industrial revolution also made it an "empire that never fell". This undoubtedly tells us that only by continuous innovation can we grasp the initiative and stand in the forest of powerful countries. However, when countries all over the world rose in succession, the Qing government at that time was still backward. During the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He's fleet made seven voyages to the West, not to open up trade, but to publicize the emperor's virtue and prestige.
After Zheng He's death, China people disappeared into the ocean. After reading these, I don't think I need to tell my classmates why China lags behind other countries now. And Britain, the Netherlands and other countries are so powerful. The reason is that the development of China is relatively late. But China is developing rapidly, with an annual income of 9.0%. The development of China and the rise of China have aroused the fear of other big countries.
This book is the witness of reading history, which awakens people to think deeply about the future of China. It inspires today and affects the future.
The experience of the rise of great powers II
From the perspective of history and global diversity, this paper describes the course of nine countries, including Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands and Britain, dominating the world and becoming superpowers in succession in the 500 years since the15th century, and analyzes the success or failure of the rise and fall of great powers from the perspectives of politics, economy, ideology, religion, art, military affairs and diplomacy. Explore the reasons behind its prosperity.
Look at Portugal, which is located in the southwest of Iberian Peninsula in Europe. This theory is not as big as that of China. 15th century, a small country with a population of less than 10000000, just for the simple desire to obtain spices, opened a real era of great navigation. He grew up like a boat and saw a bright lighthouse standing in the middle of the sea. In the16th century, this country with a population of only10.5 million became the first generation of world powers.
We can see that the prosperity of a country is not measured by population or area, but Portugal shows its great courage and unyielding pride. Looking at Germany in Central Europe, I remember King William III of Prussia once said, "It is because of poverty that education is needed." In this country with universal education, only Humboldt University in Berlin has 29 scientists crowned with Nobel Prize. No wonder Mao Qi, the German chief of staff, proudly said: "The victory of Germany has long been decided on the podium of primary school students!" Therefore, it is an urgent task to cultivate the next generation of seedlings. The immortal incense of mankind is the backbone of the national spirit passed down from generation to generation, and Germany is winning the final victory with it. However, there are undeniable drawbacks in China's education system, and the reform of the education system is imperative, but the social reality tells us that the effect is weak.
Among many countries, we have to admit that Japan, an East Asian island country, stands before us with its powerful national strength. He used to be the same as our Qing empire, with an outflow of resources and backward culture, and suffered endless aggression from western powers. But in the face of the same situation, what they saw was that China was "beaten if he fell behind" and denied the temporary stability brought by worshipping ghosts. They quickly tried to strengthen the country, reform and change, and quickly became the first country in Asia to get rid of the aggression of western powers and realize industrialization at an alarming rate. The reason is self-evident. A nation that has always adhered to unity and is good at learning has created today's glory. A country, a nation, must have the spirit of self-improvement, in order to stand on its own feet and win the respect of people in other countries.
Experience of the rise of great powers: 3
Any great idea is like a beautiful flame. Whether it can generate huge energy depends on whether there is dry wood in need. For a country, the most important "dry wood" is the quality and education of its citizens. Take France as an example:
Influenced by the Renaissance, the Protestant sects produced by the religious reform in the16th century struggled with the old religions, and their means of winning over children and the masses was education. Through this campaign, all parties attach importance to mathematics, geography and history in education methods, pay attention to the application of physics teaching and practice, and deliberately develop students' intelligence This has greatly improved the quality of the new generation in France. The training workshop for primary school teachers, established in 1684, is the earliest normal education institution in Europe and plays a key role in ensuring the quality of teachers. /kloc-before the 0/9th century, French higher education enjoyed the honor of laurel, and its academic level was very high in Western Europe.
Rousseau was a famous thinker during the French Enlightenment in the18th century. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland. 10 years old, my father fled Switzerland because he was framed. Rousseau 13 years old began to make a living by himself. He worked as an apprentice, handyman, copywriter and tutor. The humiliation and coldness of relying on others, as well as the poverty of long-term wandering, cultivated Rousseau's "cruel and unfair" resistance consciousness. 1762, Rousseau's long educational philosophy novel Emile came out. In this masterpiece, which was conceived for 20 years and written for 3 years, Rousseau lashed out at the decadent politics, religion and especially education in France at that time.
He put forward the idea of cultivating new people who really meet the needs of society and described the blueprint for cultivating new people. As soon as this long article was published, it caused a sensation throughout France and western Europe. The French government ordered the arrest of Rousseau and the burning of Emile. Rousseau was forced to flee to Switzerland and left England the following year. 1767, Rousseau returned to France and took refuge in the suburbs of Paris. 1772, he finished the last self-critical book-confessions. 1778 passed away.
Rousseau's educational method was inherited by his compatriot Pestalozzi, a Swiss. The Swiss government first implemented education by developing children's different abilities according to their age groups. Later, the governments of Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Russia and the United States also sent experts and officials to study. Everton School, founded by Pestalozzi, has become an "international college" renowned in Europe and America. Interestingly, the Swiss government first adopted this teaching method, and the American government launched a massive "Rousseau and Pestalozzi Education Thought" campaign. The former has become the richest country in the world today, and the latter has become one of the hegemons in the world today.
Experience of the rise of great powers: 4
I read the heavyweight book The Rise of Great Powers written by Tang and Jin, and interpreted the history of the rise of nine world powers since the 5th century from a historical perspective and a global perspective. The rise of the nine countries mentioned in the book brings people not only the shock of the country's rise, but also how a country can adapt to the development trend and realize the country's rise through economic rise. The rise of great powers has condensed the essence of historical development, and the rise of great powers is precisely the use of four weapons: science, art, religion and war. The branch carried out the activity of "I read, I think, I gain" among all managers. I read this book carefully, and I feel that I have gained a lot and caused a lot of thinking.
First, attach importance to science and education. Looking back on the development of great powers in the past 500 years, we can think about the key factors of the rise of nine great powers, all of which can not be separated from the emphasis on science and education, especially Germany. The German nation gave birth to Hegel, Kant, Marx, Beethoven and Goethe, and 29 scientists from Humboldt University in Berlin were awarded the Nobel Prize.
The second is to choose a development path that suits the characteristics of the country. For hundreds of years, the prosperity of major western countries has chosen a development path suitable for their own characteristics and established a political and economic system suitable for their own national conditions at an important juncture of historical development. Looking at the big countries in Europe and America, whether Portugal and Spain achieved hegemony through ocean adventures, or the Netherlands founded a commercial empire with a series of modern financial systems, or the British Empire, which took the lead in launching the industrial revolution to promote free trade, and then France and Germany, the rise of these powers is inseparable from institutional reform and innovation. Therefore, a country's strength and position on the world stage mainly depend on its political progress.
The third is to speak by strength. The law of the jungle and the survival of the fittest are not only the principle of the jungle, but also the only law of regime change and historical development. Everyone knows the most humiliating period in China's modern history. Because the door is closed, it is not open to the public. So yelang is arrogant and will call me a big country. Are you afraid of barbarians, pirates and uncivilized people? However, it was the uncivilized disdain of the so-called barbaric Japanese pirates who easily knocked on the door of the so-called big country with a strong ship and a sharp gun, and was ravaged and humiliated.
The fourth is learning and innovation. No matter which big country rises, no one has not experienced the accumulation process of learning and innovation. The rise of great powers also proves that learning and innovation are the eternal driving force for the development of things. Learning is not simply imitation, it must be closely combined with innovation, otherwise it will inevitably fall into the misunderstanding of Handan toddler.
The rise of great powers is like a historical mirror, reflecting the light of world economic civilization. The Rise of Great Powers looks for a mirror for our current modernization development from a historical perspective and a global perspective. Trying to stand at the height of the development of human civilization and seek the common spiritual wealth of mankind as the narrative platform; Trying to find the fundamental force to promote the development of China in the historical changes. Let's listen to history and ponder this far-reaching wisdom together.
Experience of the rise of great powers: 5
I watched a TV with 12 episodes recently. The name of this documentary is The Rise of Great Powers. This film not only let me know a lot of historical knowledge, but also told me how to think and analyze some meaningful problems from historical stories. History used to be so interesting. This documentary tells the story of the rise of a profound and wonderful great country like Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia and the United States, as well as the rise and fall of nine great countries. Their prosperity can not be separated from those important people who changed the destiny of the country * * * from Columbus, William Burroughs, Chongde, Shakespeare and Adam Smith to Queen Isabel, Napoleon de Gaulle and Peter the Great Washington. There is a profound truth in the story of the rise of every country that deserves our consideration and study. The real way to govern the country comes from here.
Every big country that has experienced ups and downs can be our teacher. Spain and Portugal tell us that we must have the courage and curiosity to explore the unknown world in order to have things that others will not have. The Netherlands tells us that endless capital strength can create miracles. Britain tells us that the rise of a country needs the support of scientific and cultural ideas. France tells us that conquering the world by force can't die, and the conqueror stands for a long time and is on the same status as the king. The failures of World War I and World War II have further confirmed that the lessons of France also tell us that only when the country is unified and complete, recognized by the country, and embarked on the road of becoming a strong country, Japan tells us that the rise of the country needs continuous learning and continuous improvement. The heart of the Soviet Union tells us that great social changes need not only courage but also wisdom. The United States of America tells us to find the path that suits us best.
I once read an article-"China 1000 years ago", which was about the prosperous times of China in the Tang and Song Dynasties. He described it this way: "1000 years ago, only China was a big city with a population of more than one million; A thousand years ago, there were many welfare facilities in China. More than a thousand years ago, Europe was poor and backward, America was underdeveloped and Africa was primitive. China was far ahead of the world more than 1 000 years ago, and China developed towards becoming a maritime power more than 1 000 years ago. The annual output of steel in North China reached 1.25 million tons, which was the level before 1.788. When industrial revolution in europe started, the annual output of British steel industry was only 76,000 tons. A year ago, China's agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, handicrafts and entertainment industries were the most developed in the world. 1000 years ago, the gap between the world and China was not several times, but more than ten times that of China 1000 years ago.
/kloc-More than 0/000 years ago, China made China people extremely proud. At 7 o'clock that night, the corruption of the Qing government made China bullied by foreign powers. History tells us that if we lag behind, we will be beaten, and the people will fall into pain and anger. Now China has finally united and stood up from the bottom of the world stage like a human being, but we are not as good as China people 1000 years ago.
How can China reappear on the historical stage?
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