The Bering Strait was once a land bridge between Asia and North America. Later, due to crustal movement, the continental bridge was submerged by seawater, forming the Bering Strait. The bottom of the river is mostly hard rock or gravel, and there are few fine sediments.
The Siberian coast has rugged terrain, cliffs and distinctive landmarks; The coastline near Alaska is low-lying coastal plains, lakes and undulating hills.
The west coast has a tundra climate, and the east coast has a temperate continental climate. The annual average temperature in the north is-10℃, and it is -35℃ ~-45℃ in winter, with frequent snowstorms. The annual average temperature in South China is 4℃, with rainy and foggy summer and snowy winter, and the annual precipitation reaches I000 mm.
Causes of Bering Strait:
The early history of the Bering Strait is largely mysterious. Its first discovery may have occurred in the late Miocene, which is related to the late Miocene neotectonic stage developed in Alaska and Chukchi.
Due to tectonic movement and sea level rise and fall, the strait has been in the state of opening and closing for many times, and it has also been in the state of land bridge for a long time. In the early Neogene, the climate in this area was mild, and Belingia connected Asia and America. Later, due to tectonic movement, the continental bridge sank and disappeared, and seawater flooded some areas, forming the Bering Strait.
During the Ice Age of 654.38+ million years ago, the Bering Strait opened and closed due to the rise and fall of sea level, which appeared about 3-6 times. About 20,000 years ago, during the cold peak of the Pleistocene, there were plains and mountains in the strait area from east to west. Mountain glaciers descended to the bottom of the strait along the underground glacial valley, and there was a huge valley at the bottom.
During this period, the sea level was about -90 to-100 meters, resulting in the Bering continent, which separated the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean with an isthmus of 2,000 kilometers.
At the end of the late Pleistocene, about 1 1.5 thousand years ago, the Strait began to approach modern activities. During this period, the sea level was between -20 and-15 meters above sea level, and the outline of the strait coast gradually approached modern times. During the Quaternary Ice Age about 6,543,800 years ago, a large amount of seawater turned into ice during the ice age, and the sea level dropped.
During the interglacial period, the solid glaciers melted into seawater again, and the sea level gradually rose. During the Ice Age, the sea level dropped100-160m, and the Bering Continental Bridge, which sank under the sea level, emerged from the water. At the peak of Holocene about 7-5 thousand years ago, the maximum depth and width of the strait were close to modern values. From 3-2 thousand years ago, the state of the Bering Strait began to approach modernity.
Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Bering Strait