The two world wars undoubtedly dealt the greatest blow to Europe. After World War II, European countries weakened each other again in the war, and the colonial system completely collapsed. However, the economic strength of the United States has expanded unprecedentedly, becoming the number one power in the capitalist world. Britain and other western European countries have to follow the example of the United States. With the gradual establishment of Yalta system, the era of European world hegemony dominated by Britain ended, the traditional international pattern centered on Europe was replaced by the bipolar pattern of the United States and the Soviet Union, and international relations entered a new era.
After World War II, the foreign policies of European countries closely followed those of the United States. The Marshall Plan implemented by the United States provided some help to Europe with weak economy after the two world wars, restored the economies of some European countries, stabilized the capitalist order in Europe, and strengthened the control of the United States over Europe. The main purpose of American Marshall Plan is to contain communism and stabilize capitalism. Europe is in a passive position in American diplomatic strategy and has always acted as a pawn in the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union.
With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the pattern of hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union ended, the world began to develop towards multipolarization, Europe began to seek an independent foreign policy, and the European Union was ready to emerge. The accelerated integration process in Europe has played a deterrent role for the United States to dominate the world. The great influence of American diplomatic strategy on Europe is to rebuild Europe and promote European unity.
Second, the influence of American foreign strategy on the national team of the former Soviet Union
After World War II, the United States joined western European countries and Canada to establish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and then the former Soviet Union joined eastern European socialist countries to establish the Warsaw Treaty Organization. Since then, the long-term confrontation between the two military organizations has been reflected in the influence of international relations. The long-term confrontation between the two major military organizations is what contemporary political scientists and historians call the "cold war." During the Cold War, facing the challenge of the Soviet Union, the United States has always pursued the "balance of power strategy", which is more reflected in the tug-of-war between the United States and the Soviet Union on the world stage. However, the United States finally overcame this challenge and adhered to the "balanced strategy" for a long time after the end of the Cold War, mainly because its position in international relations experienced from a "balanced country" before World War II to a "superpower" after World War II and then to a "dominant country" after the Cold War. After the end of the Cold War, the original pattern of "bipolar hegemony" was broken, the superpower status of the United States was unshakable, and the United States was in a dominant position in its foreign strategy.
The transformation of American foreign strategy after World War II was caused by the change of the cold war pattern between the two poles at that time, and the countries of the former Soviet Union were most deeply influenced by American foreign strategy. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the original countries became independent and began to seek foreign policies in line with their own interests. At present, some of them are still following Russia, the successor country of the former Soviet Union, some are returning to Europe, and some are facing complicated international relations alone. Only a few countries are biased towards the United States.
Third, the influence of American diplomatic strategy on East Asia.
Behind the decline of Europe is the rise of the United States and the Soviet Union. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, one of the two cores was removed. On the one hand, the power center shifted to Europe, on the other hand, it shifted to China, which is undoubtedly the best embodiment of the rise of East Asian countries. After World War II, for a long time, the foreign strategy of the United States was characterized by "the balance of power between the two poles, and the United States and the Soviet Union competed for hegemony" on a global scale. Since 1950s, facing the rise of Asian socialist countries, the United States has adopted the strategy of economic and military blockade, thus supporting and transforming some countries in World War II. Initially, the United States held a wait-and-see attitude towards the establishment of the new China. However, at the beginning of the founding of New China, because the United States adopted a one-sided foreign policy towards the Soviet Union, it had to blockade New China, which was embodied in the unjust war launched by the United States against Vietnam and North Korea, two neighboring countries of China. In addition, the United States reformed and supported Japan, making it rapidly rebuild and become strong after the war. However, with the strategy of the United States under the situation of "bipolar hegemony" in the 1970 s and the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the US policy toward China changed. With the disintegration of the former Soviet Union and the deepening of China's reform and opening up in the early 1990s, China's comprehensive national strength has been greatly enhanced, and the U.S. strategy toward China has begun to guard against and prevent China's powerful transformation. However, after the "9 \u 1 1 incident", the United States gradually improved its relations with China out of the global strategy of "fighting terrorism", and at the same time had to pay more attention to the issue of Taiwan Province Province.
After all, other countries in East Asia are just a pawn in the global strategy of the United States. The United States and Japan are allies, and Japan is an important pawn for the United States to restrict China's development, because in various periods after World War II, the United States has always had a good impression on Japan, and even tolerated Japan's more serious excesses, such as ignoring the Japanese Prime Minister's visit to the Yasukuni Shrine and allowing Japan to send troops to the Iraq war. There are also regular armies in East Asia, South Korea and the United States, whose main purpose is to prevent the excessive rise of China.
In a word, after World War II, the strategic purpose of the United States in East Asia is to meet its best interests in this region. After many attempts to suppress the peaceful rise of China, the United States has gradually realized that it is more beneficial to maximize American interests to involve China in more international affairs. At this time, Japan's strong demand for more independent rights and the revival of the original militarism have to become the most realistic reason for the United States to guard against Japan.
Fourthly, the influence of American foreign strategy on South Asia and Southeast Asia.
For South Asia, India and Pakistan have become the focus of American foreign strategy. For the United States, after World War II, India has been an important frontier for the United States to resist the expansion of the former Soviet Union in Central and South Asia. On the other hand, India can contain China, which is enough to make the United States pay more attention to this country, so the United States can tolerate India's possession of nuclear weapons. The importance of Pakistan, like that of China, began with the "9. 1 1 incident". After World War II, Pakistan has been influenced by the former Soviet Union, and the United States has to invest more military forces in India to confront it. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Pakistan began to attach importance to friendly relations with the United States, but it was not until the "9÷ 1 1 incident" that the United States began to attach importance to it. The most important thing is that the United States needs Pakistan's support as the front line of the war against terrorist forces in Afghanistan.
In Southeast Asia, the complex strategic and cultural background of Southeast Asia has become something that the United States must consider when adjusting its strategic pattern in this region. Southeast Asia was deeply hurt by the Second World War, so after the Second World War, this region became the birthplace of the Non-Aligned Movement. However, with the disintegration of the "bipolar pattern" and the emergence of the trend of multipolarization in the world, Southeast Asian countries have also begun to accelerate the process of regional economic integration, and "ASEAN" was born. It is precisely because of the special geopolitical culture in Southeast Asia and the breeding ground of international terrorism that the United States has further strengthened its ties with this region for the strategic consideration of "combating global terrorism".
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The influence of American diplomatic strategy on Islamic countries in the Middle East
All countries in the Middle East are Arab nations and believe in Islam. The teachings of Islam are reflected in all aspects of Arab political culture. Therefore, the United States has never stopped accusing Islamic countries of being too low in democratization. After World War II, American diplomatic strategy towards Islamic countries is mainly reflected in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, the Iran-Iraq war, the Gulf war and now the Iraq issue.
The strategic policy of the United States in this region has always been more inclined to Israel, because Jews in Israel generally believe in Judaism, and the teachings of Judaism are not much different from Christianity, so they are closer to the thinking of Americans. However, followers of Islam strongly reject other religions, and the teachings of Islam are deeply rooted in the thoughts of the Arab nation. They are very exclusive, and it is difficult to tolerate Jews taking root in this land of Arabia, so conflicts continue.
The Middle East is rich in oil resources, but these Arab countries are always embarrassed with the United States on many issues, which is inconsistent with the US energy strategy and foreign strategy. The strategic policy of the United States in the Middle East is obvious, that is, the United States should establish its own political and economic system in the Arab countries in the Middle East according to the Israeli model, and the United States needs all Arab countries to accept the democracy he preached, so as to become an obedient strategic alliance.
The influence of American foreign strategy on Africa
For Africa, because of its backward economic development and being in a third world country, it is difficult for poor Africa to meet the needs of the United States in energy. On the other hand, these countries, which are deeply hurt by colonialism, are the staunchest opponents of hegemonism. Therefore, in the foreign strategy of the United States, the concern for African countries is limited to strategic allies such as Egypt and South Africa. America's "neglect" of Africa's diplomatic strategy is conducive to the independent development of African countries, and it is precisely because African countries are more independent that the "African Union" was born. In addition, with the deepening of aid from China, the European Union and other African countries, African countries have further shown their rejection of the United States. After feeling the indifference of African countries on a series of issues, the United States gradually changed its strategy towards African countries. However, some social problems facing Africa, such as water shortage, famine, disease and war, cannot be separated from the help of the superpower, and the relationship between Africa and the United States will gradually become closer.
Seven. The influence of American foreign strategy on Latin America
America's "neglect" of Africa's diplomatic strategy is conducive to the independent development of African countries, and it is precisely because African countries are more independent that the "African Union" was born. In addition, with the deepening of aid from China, the European Union and other African countries, African countries have further shown their rejection of the United States. After feeling the indifference of African countries on a series of issues, the United States gradually changed its strategy towards African countries. However, some social problems faced by Africa, such as water shortage, famine, disease and war, cannot be separated from the help of the superpower of the United States, and the relationship between Africa and the United States will inevitably become closer.
To sum up, the foreign strategy adopted by the United States after World War II is a pluralistic foreign policy, including military, political, cultural and energy, which is essentially the maintenance of its hegemonism and power politics. The "hegemonism" of the United States to dominate the world is a main line in the policy, and the core is the national interests of the United States. With the development of history, the United States has gradually approached its hegemonic intentions. At present, the rise of China and Russia, the development of Japan and Western Europe, and the revitalization of developing countries are still insurmountable obstacles for the United States to dominate the world. In order to break through obstacles, the United States uses its military superiority to control global strategic locations; Woo some capitalist forces; Attract interested developing countries; Measures such as suppressing its potential opponents. American foreign strategy is always in an unstable state, and its influence on international relations is constantly changing, but on the whole, the change of American foreign strategy can better promote the connection and integration of international relations.