Furniture consists of four elements: material, structure, appearance and function, among which function is the forerunner and the driving force to promote the development of furniture; Structure is the backbone and the basis of realizing functions.
These four factors are interrelated and mutually restricted.
Because furniture is designed and manufactured to meet people's certain material needs and use purposes, furniture also has factors of material and appearance.
1, furniture refers to wardrobe, table, bed, sofa and other large items.
Chapter 18 of Liu Qing's Iron Wall: "A guard came with two pieces of furniture, a box gun and a carbine." Household utensils refer to wood and cookers.
It is an appliance with the functions of sitting, lying, leaning, storing and limiting used in human daily life and social activities.
It is usually assembled from several parts in a certain way and has become an important part of indoor and outdoor decoration.
Five species of Sophora japonica, Catalpa bungeana and Oak in Qi Yao Min Shu by Jia Sixie in the Northern Wei Dynasty: "All furniture should be the first wood." It can be seen that the furniture in China is mainly made of wood from ancient times to the present.
Furniture is not only a material product, but also an artistic creation. This is what people often say about the dual characteristics of furniture.
The type, quantity, function, form, style, production level and possession of furniture at that time also reflected the social life style, social material civilization level and historical and cultural characteristics of a country and region in a certain historical period.
Furniture is the symbol of the development level of social productive forces in a certain historical period in a certain country or region, the epitome of a certain lifestyle and the embodiment of a certain cultural form, so furniture embodies rich and profound sociality.
Some so-called solid wood furniture is made of MDF, particleboard, walnut bark or other bark, not pure natural wood.
2. Ancient times
China ancient furniture mainly includes seats, beds, screens, mirrors, tables, chairs and cabinets.
Mats, the oldest and most primitive furniture, were first woven from leaves, and later were mostly woven from reeds and bamboo sticks.
The ancients often "sit on the floor", which shows the wide use of mats.
Bed is the earliest furniture after mat.
At first, the bed was extremely short, and almost all reading, writing, eating and sleeping were carried out on the bed.
Peacock flew southeast: "Grandma was furious when she heard this." The "bed" in the poem refers to the seat.
There are several pieces of furniture, boxes, screens, etc. Used with this low bed.
There is also a low couch, which is often used with a bed, so it is called a "bed couch".
After Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the height of the bed was almost the same as that of today's bed, and it became furniture for sleeping.
Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, tall furniture has been widely used, including beds, tables, chairs, stools, high chairs, long desks, cabinets, clothes hangers, towel racks, screens, washstands, and mirror frames. There are many kinds and varieties.
Every dynasty's furniture pays attention to craftsmanship, and strives for rich patterns and exquisite carvings, showing a strong traditional style of China and becoming an integral part of China's traditional culture.
Extended data:
Furniture classification
1. According to the furniture style, it can be divided into: modern furniture, postmodern furniture, European classical furniture, American furniture, Chinese classical furniture, neoclassical furniture, newly renovated furniture, Korean pastoral furniture and Mediterranean furniture.
2. Furniture is divided into jade furniture, solid wood furniture, panel furniture, soft furniture, rattan furniture, bamboo furniture, metal furniture, steel wood furniture, and other material combinations such as glass, marble, ceramics, inorganic minerals, fiber fabrics, resin, etc.
3. According to functional furniture, it is divided into office furniture, outdoor furniture, living room furniture, bedroom furniture, study furniture, children's furniture, dining room furniture, bathroom furniture, kitchen and bathroom furniture (equipment) and auxiliary furniture.
4. Furniture is classified by structure: complete sets of furniture, detachable furniture, folding furniture, combined furniture, wall-mounted furniture and suspended furniture.
5. Furniture is classified according to modeling effect, including ordinary furniture and artistic furniture.
6. According to the classification of furniture products, it can be divided into: high-grade, middle-grade, middle-grade, low-grade and low-grade.