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Brief introduction of Yang Shen
Yang Shen alias: Yang Wenxian. Font size: the word is changed to temple. Time: Ming Dynasty. Ethnic group: Han nationality. Place of birth: Beijing filial piety. Date of birth:1488 65438+February 8th. Time of death:1August 8, 559. Main works: Yunnan Haiqu, Linjiang Xian, Yunnan Haiqu, Youth Travel, Franchise Song, etc. Main achievements: the first of the three gifted scholars in Ming Dynasty.

About the details of Yang Shen, we will introduce you from the following aspects:

First, Yang Shen's poems

Linjiangxian, Linjiangxian rolling in the east water of the Yangtze River, partridge drinking alone after the Lantern Festival, when in Rome, do as the Romans do, Yunnan Haiqu, zhuanyingqu, Yunnan Haiqu, youth travel, youth travel, red, dark and green all over the world, and

Second, biography

This moon is very clever and has been eager to learn since childhood. Plus, he was born in a scholarly family, the son of Yang Tinghe, a scholar in the official department, and the grandson of Yang Chunzhi, a scholar in Huguang, so he received a good family education at an early age. At the age of seven, his mother taught him to read sentences and quatrains in the Tang Dynasty, and he often recited them. At the age of 1 1, he could write modern poetry. When he was twelve years old, he planned to write "Hanging the Ancient Battlefield", which contained the aphorism that "the soul of a brothel is broken and the bones grow moss in the daytime". His uncle, assistant minister of the Ministry of War Rui Hong, read it and admired it very much, and ordered him to write On Qin. Grandfather looked at it and boasted, "My home is Ye Yi" (Chen Wenzhao's Chronicle of Grandmaster Yang Shengan). One day, my father and uncles were looking at paintings and asked Sheng An, "Those who have beautiful scenery are picturesque; If the painting is excellent, people say it is true, which one is right? " He was asked to write a poem to explain it. After a little thinking, Sheng An immediately wrote a poem saying: "The landscape is picturesque, and the paintings of the famous painter Dan Qing are as true as they are; The dream is inseparable from the imperial coach, and the shadow is given to the golden poet. " At the age of thirteen, he entered Beijing with his father. Along the way, he wrote a farewell poem to Weicheng, a poem by Frost Leaf and a poem by Mawei Po. His poems about Yellow Leaves caused a sensation in Beijing. At that time, Li Dongyang, the leader of Chaling Poetry School and a scholar in Wenyuange, "rewarded him when he saw him, making him a disciple" (Ming History 192), calling Yang a "little friend". At the age of twenty-one, Sheng An took the exam, and the examiners Qin Wang and Liang Chu have listed the article written by Yang Shen as the frontrunner. Unexpectedly, the candlelight actually fell on the test paper and burned out, which made it famous in Sun Shan. Yang Shen was not discouraged by this unexpected blow. After several years of hard work, Yang Shen finally won the first prize in palace examination in Zheng De's six years (15 1 1) at the age of 24, and was awarded the title of Hanlin. From then on, Yang Shen officially stepped onto the political stage of the Ming Dynasty.

Yang Shen's political career was very bumpy and difficult. He is honest and fearless of power. Zhu Hou, Emperor Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty, was a fun-loving person. He doesn't care about state affairs and likes to play around. In view of the absurd behavior of Wu Zong, Yang Shen did not shy away from the axe, but dared to hit his face. In the twelfth year of Zheng De's reign (15 17), Ding Chou-yin presented a letter to accuse Zhu Hou of "acting rashly". Zhu Hou _ simply ignored it and went his own way. Sheng 'an was really angry when he saw that the people were poor and the state affairs were not good. He called in sick and resigned.

In the sixteenth year (152 1), Wuzong was finally killed, and the cause of death was unknown, which became an unsolved case. Because there were no children, his cousin Zhu Hou succeeded to the throne, that is, Ming Shizong. Yang Shen Hanlin Academy awarded the title of editor-in-chief, and the official gave a banquet. Sheng 'an took advantage of the opportunity of telling the emperor a book, and often contacted the actual situation at that time to educate Sejong. For example, Aring Zhang, Yu Jin and others were sentenced to death without punishment, and they committed capital crimes because of wanton bribery, and were pardoned by Sejong. When Sheng 'an gave a lecture at the banquet, he specially chose the chapter "Gold as a punishment for redemption" in Shangshu, and said to Sejong: "The system of redemption by saints should be used for the small ones to rehabilitate the people; There is no redemption for big rape and big evil. " Zhu Hou _ was very unhappy after listening, and often made excuses not to talk about books. In this way, because of honesty and frankness, Sheng An fell out of favor with the emperor and became an enemy of all. Although Yang Shen was ambitious and tried to serve the country, his political talents were difficult to display at that time. Especially in the cabinet "big gift" dispute, Yang Shen's "rebellious" character was highlighted. The thing is this: after Zhu Hou ascended the throne as a "brother", according to the rules of succession to the throne, Sejong should recognize Xiaozong as an "imperial examination" and enjoy worshipping the ancestral temple; Your biological father can only be called "biological father" or "uncle". On the sixth day after he ascended the throne, Zhu Hou _ issued an imperial edict to the ministers, agreeing that his biological father would offer the king as an "imperial examination" and treat him according to the title and etiquette of the emperor; In this way, the monarchy and the family became the object of dispute among cabinet ministers at that time. At that time, Zhang Cong, Gui Calyx and other nouveau riche, in order to cater to the above ideas, clung to the right of rape and advocated joining (Xing Zhu _ _) between Xianzong and Wuzong, which was resolutely opposed by the respected Yang Tinghe and his son and many ministers. To this end, Yang Tinghe was forced to resign to Li, and Sheng An wrote many times to resign, unwilling to work with "shameless villains" such as Zhang and Gui. In this regard, Mang Zhu Hou _ was very angry. He went his own way, officially renamed his biological father, Emperor Miyagi, and was promoted to buddhist nun, where he also lived in harmony with Bachelor Feng. Not life, together with the courtier Zuo Fu's remonstrance, Sejong was even more furious and suppressed it with violence, "ordering eight people to be put in prison first." "When the news came out, the crowd was furious. In the same year, Yang Shen made an appointment with Jinshi and reviewed more than 200 people including Wang Yuan. He said excitedly: "the national training scholars 150 years, which is today. "Then, at Jinshuiqiao and Zuoshunmen, Liegong cried, protesting against the illegal arrest of courtiers and playing in the court." Emperor Yi was angry. He was told that he would be sent to prison and court. "Sheng An was arrested on July 15th, and was beaten once with a scepter on July 17th, and came back from the dead; Every ten days, he stabbed the scepter again, almost dying, and was later demoted to Yongchangwei (now Baoshan County, Yunnan Province).

Yang Shen, who was exiled to southern Yunnan, has not been negative and decadent because of the harsh environment during his long exile life in southern Yunnan for more than 30 years. He still works hard and refuses to give in to evil forces. Passing through Xiangxi, he remembered Qu Yuan, who was exiled by Chu Huaiwang, and couldn't help but hum: "A long breath can't hide tears!" "The road is long, Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down." In Guizhou, he thought of Li Bai, who was demoted as a yelang (now Tongzi County), and lamented that "I am farther away, and a thousand years are like one day" (Travel Notes of Yunnan). He not only expressed his affection for mountains and rivers, but also wrote with his heart to make history for the Bai people. Everywhere I go, I often express my political enthusiasm by chanting exotic flowers and grasses in the frontier. In Nanzhiqu, he portrayed himself as an old plum who was born in a lonely mountain but was "peerless and independent", releasing her fragrance. In Camellia, it is praised that Camellia is not afraid of cold, "green leaves are red and snowflakes are blooming". In Yongchang, when he saw the mirror flower edge of Tang Po who was "opposite the hollyhock", he lamented that the sunflower was facing the sun, which was of course a symbol of loyalty. Tang po's mirror flowers are blooming behind the sun, which should be the performance of courtiers. My courtiers are often pushed aside and vilified by flattering courtiers, and shameless villains often pretend to be Japanese hollyhocks, which is hard to tell. There is an honest personality and ideal in reciting things. What's more commendable is that during his exile, Yang Shen still cared about people's sufferings and did not forget state affairs. For example, when he found that the gentry in Kunming seized private land in the name of repairing Haikou, turned public land into private land, pocketed it and harmed others' interests, he not only wrote poems such as "Journey to Haimen" and "Journey to Houhaimen" in righteous words, but also wrote a letter to Zhao Jianmen, the governor of Yunnan, thinking that the movement was "the second and third armies gave up on themselves, advocating profit and pocketing it."

The couple love each other deeply. Although Yang Shen's political life is rough, his emotional life is very happy. His wife Huang E is from Suining, Sichuan (also known as Huang An). She is a long poet, especially good at Sanqu. After marriage, the relationship between them was very harmonious, and they lived a poetic and respectful life is sweet on the shore of Gui Hu. They often walk by the lake, write poems in pavilions and reward each other. Although Yang Shen and his wife are congenial, they are not intoxicated by the love of their children. In the second year after marriage, with the support and persuasion of Huang Li, Sheng An left for Beijing to resume his official duties. The faithful love between Yang Shen and oriole can stand the severe test. Because in their life journey, the bright spring scenery is short-lived, but more is the adversity of a long storm. When Yang Shen defended southern Yunnan because of his brave words, the oriole not only had no complaints about her husband, but also expressed deep sympathy, comforted him and took good care of him. The oriole took pains to travel thousands of miles and personally escorted Sheng 'an from Beijing to Yunnan. In the third year of Jiajing (1524), on the frozen night of December 15th, oriole accompanied Yang Shen, who was scrawny and shackled, to the front of Jiangling Post Station. He saw his wife travel-stained, exhausted, and could not bear to be escorted by her again, urging her to return to her hometown in Xindu, Sichuan. On the occasion of parting, Sheng An wrote a poem entitled "Fairy on the River": "When crossing the crossing of Chusaiba Mountain, pedestrians should not go to the bottom of the river. Travel far, look at the water in the distance, and sail alone. But envy the birds on the beach, fly together and stay together? Whose is the bright moon today? Just be reunited, don't go. " ("Defending Gangneung in Yunnan"). Love words are sad and make people cry. When the oriole returned to Xindu, he saw that the scenery in Gui Hu was still the same, and things had changed. In memory of her husband, she wrote a poem "Seven Laws Sent Outside": "The geese fly over Hengyang, why send the word Yongchang?" Three spring flowers and willow concubines are unlucky, and six letters are heartbroken. It is said that I will worry about old age, and the rain is complaining about the morning sun. I heard that there is a knife ring. When will the golden rooster fall? "Feelings are sincere. Since then, the oriole has traveled to Yongchang, Yunnan Province to visit Yang Shen, and has lived in the garrison for more than two years. In the eighth year of Jiajing (1529), Yang Shen's father died, and Yang Shen rushed back to Xindu to attend the funeral, so the couple had to meet briefly. Meeting and parting are unbearable. When leaving, Huang Li wrote a farewell song "Luojiang Powder" to Sheng 'an. Qu Yun: "The green hills are hidden, pedestrians are going, and how many times does the narrow bird path fold?" The goose doesn't crow, the horseshoe is afraid, and it is annoying in winter. Lonely birds are extinct in the sky, weeds are far away from trees in the flat, and people leaning against the building are hot and cold. (3) "The strong contrast between cold and heat reflects a person's deep affection and touching feelings, thus becoming a famous sentence throughout the ages.

Yang Shen studied hard and was diligent in writing all his life. He is a famous erudite in the next generation. He not only knows everything about classics, history, poetry, literature, lyrics, phonology, epigraphy, calligraphy and painting, but also has deep attainments in astronomy, geography, biology and medicine. For example, when Zhu Hou was an academician, he asked Qin and all the academicians, "What star is a note plus one?" Everyone was tongue-tied and didn't answer. Only Yang Shen calmly said "Liu Xingye" and quoted Zhou Li, Historical Records, Hanshu and other documents to explain it. He previewed the Record of Master Wu Zongshi, and everything must be straight, not for the honour person. During his long exile, he was still "eager to learn and poor, and old to learn" (Biography of Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty). In the desolate frontier area of Yongchang, Yunnan, Sheng 'an is still addicted to books, "reading everything" and often says to people, "If you don't have enough resources, you should learn from yourself." ("Biography of the Ming Dynasty") He believes that to "know the world", one is to rely on "reading" to gain knowledge from personal experience; The second is to rely on "records" to obtain from other records and books. Therefore, he not only studied hard, but also insisted on writing. And everywhere I go, I will investigate and understand the local customs, study the local national language and enrich my knowledge from personal experience and practice. As a minister of punishment, he wrote many notes, selected books and many explanatory books when he was in southern Yunnan, relying only on his hard study, practice and memory. Such as Nanzhao unofficial history, Yunan Tongzhi, Yunan Shanchuan Zhi, Shenhouji, Nanzhong Zhi, Yunan Zai Ji and Yunan Shuo. According to the Chronicle of Sheng 'an Yang Shen, Yang Shen wrote more than 400 kinds of works in his life. Therefore, the preface to The Collection of Sheng 'an said: "From the beginning of the country to Jialong, the wealth of scholars' writings is not more than that of Mr. Sheng 'an. "The History of the Ming Dynasty originally said:" The knowledge of the Ming Dynasty, the wealth of works, is the first to be cautious. Later generations compiled his important works as Sheng 'an Ji, and Sanqu included Tao Qing Yuefu. Yang Shen died in the garrison on July 6th in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559) at the age of seventy-two. On his deathbed, he also encouraged future generations by saying, "I dare not look back on my ancestors for my benefit, and I dare not look back for my righteousness." "

Three. life

Yang Shen was clever since he was a child, and he was able to write poetry at the age of eleven. At the age of twelve, he wrote Ancient Battlefield Literature, which surprised everyone. After entering Beijing, he wrote Yellow Leaf Poetry, which was appreciated by Li Dongyang and made him study under his own door. In the sixth year of the Ming Dynasty (15 1 1), Chinese-style Sinvik won the first place in the Jinshi and the Imperial Academy. In the twelfth year of Zheng De (15 17), Wu left Juyongguan, and Yang Shen was forced to plead guilty and return home.

In addition, Yang Shen's father was also a veteran of the three dynasties in the Ming Dynasty-cabinet records of Yang Tinghe.

Ming Shizong ascended the throne and was called to the capital to be an official at the banquet. In the third year of Jiajing (1524), the "big gift" broke out. More than 200 people, including Yang Shen and Wang Yuan, crouched in Zuoshun Gate, shaking the door and crying, saying to themselves, "The country has trained scholars for 150 years, and it is today." Sejong ordered the people to be sent to prison with a scepter and executed 16 people on the spot. 10 days later, seven people, including Yang Shen and Liu Ji, gathered in the court to cry and were beaten again by the court staff. Yang Shen, Wang Yuanzheng and Liu Ji were all detained.

Yang Shen set out for Yunnan Garrison Yongchangwei. Once upon a time, when my father was in power, he once abolished the redundant staff of the Royal Guards. Some resentful people took the opportunity to lie in ambush on the way, waiting for an opportunity to harm Yang Shen. Yang Shen is well prepared and careful everywhere. Wan Li, arrived in Yunnan, almost fell ill.

Two years later, Yang Tinghe fell ill, and Yang Shen was able to visit her briefly. After his father recovered, he returned to Yongchang. Soon, he led slaves to help quell the rebellion in Anquan of Xundian and Wen Chao of Wudingfeng. In the eighth year of Jiajing (1529), Yang Tinghe died of illness and Yang Shen was allowed to be buried with his father. After that, he temporarily returned to Sichuan, or stayed in the provincial capital of Yunnan, or stayed in Yongchang, and was well treated by local officials.

Sejong was extremely disgusted with Yang Tinghe and Yang Shen because of the ceremony. He often asked about Yang Shen's recent situation, but the minister answered Yang Shen's "relapse", and Sejong felt a little relieved. Yang Shen listened to, more wild. I often indulge in wine and visit places of interest. "Yuefu Moon Hee" said that he "blushed in his spare time, arranged flowers in a double bun and asked prostitutes to support the parade. This is not shameful. " In the end, Sejong I granted amnesty for six times, but Yang Shen could not return it. According to the law, he can be redeemed at the age of 60, but no one dares to accept it. When Yang Shen was nearly seventy years old, he returned to Luzhou for a short stay and was soon escorted back to Yongchang by the governor. In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), he died in the garrison. In the early years of Qin Long, Shao Qing of Guanglu Temple was posthumously awarded by Mu Zong of Ming Taizu, and Wenxian was posthumously awarded by Xiqiao of Ming Taizu. There is a biography of Ming history.

Like collecting books. In the early Ming Dynasty, Li Si supervised the Tibetan Scripture Factory, which contained a large number of books about the Korean dynasty. He went to the exhibition hall to browse books many times. It is said that he once robbed several copies of Yongle Dadian for himself. Later, Li Jixian, the master, stopped the time check in the name of stealing books. There is a "Shuanggui Hall" at home, which is a place for reading and storing books. Yang Bibliography was compiled by bibliophiles in the late Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Jiang Shao recorded a generation of bibliophiles and compared them with Yang Shiqi, Wu Kuan, Mao Kun and Song Lian. Works 100. When Li published Letter to the Sea, he made a picture album to include his books. Important collections include Sheng 'an Ji, Sanqu and Tao Qing Yuefu.

Fourth, literary and historical creation.

There are about 2,300 poems written by Yang Shen, which are very extensive. Because he has lived in Yunnan for more than 30 years, "homesickness" and "homesickness" poems account for a large proportion. When he was exiled to Yunnan, his wife Huang Li accompanied him to Jiangling to see him off. His work A Farewell to Jiangling expressed his feelings, which was profound and sad. "Stay in Jinsha River" describes the feelings of Sichuan and Yunnan on the way back and forth: "I don't want to wander around the sea, Jialing looks back, and the moonlight sounds like this, and I am heartbroken at Wan Li Building in Jinsha." Thinking about the past and the present reflects the pain of leaving sorrow.

On his deathbed, he wrote a poem entitled "Feeling from Illness on June 14th": "Seventy years later, I am old, and it is clear that the law allows me to retire. Returning to Hugh became Bajiang, and it was turned into a prisoner in Yunnan. " It is touching to describe his regret that he returned to Shu due to illness but recovered on the way.

Some of his poems also show concern for people's sufferings. "Tour of Haikou" and "Tour of Houhaikou" revealed that landlords and landlords colluded with local officials and used the estuary to occupy land for personal gain. In his poem, he pointed out that "100,000 taels of silver are used to dredge the sea mouth, which makes officials like the sea and rich in resentment", and called for "Andrew to stop this banquet and sing and dance trillions of times". He said in the proverb "Watching Rice" that "there is no singing in the promised land, and there are songs in good years." However, I'm worried about the urgency of military affairs. Songmao is at war. "It shows the poor life of farmers in good years, but because of the heavy military pay, they still have no food and clothing. Other works, such as Baojing Pian and Gan Dianchi Lake, are also in this category.

Yang Shen also wrote many landscape poems. He described the scenery of Yunnan and the mountains and rivers of the motherland, which was quite distinctive. "Popular in the Sea" wrote to the wind in Shimonoseki: "Cangshan Gorge gathers at the mouth of Cang River, and the sky beam is roared off by sunny thunder. There is a constant wind in it, passing through the moving forest and sand. It doesn't matter if the cliff is close at hand, Ma Changke is low. " Magnificent, magnificent. And "Dragon Crown Song": "The smoke in both ears is like five Tianjin, and the fishing lights are shining. In the middle of the month, the wine is fragrant, and there is no one on the tree. " Writing about the night of Erhai Lake, the lights of fishing boats and the waves reflected by the moon are delicate and fresh. When he came to Lushan Mountain in Xichang, which is known as the scenic spot in southern Sichuan, he saw the beautiful scenery here and the grand occasion of the Torch Festival, and he sang the famous sentence "Stay at Lushan Mountain for the night": "I will stay at Lushan Mountain tonight, and the gate of Galvatron will not be closed at night. Who smashed the space and the stars fell into the world. " In addition, Yang Shen has poems describing and praising historical heroes, loyal ministers and righteous men, and even the tiller has his own firewood, among which there are many excellent works.

In the first seven philosophers, Yang Shen advocated that "literature must be in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty". When retro is popular, we can leave Zhang Leibi alone. He widely absorbed some advantages of the poems of the Six Dynasties and the early Tang Dynasty, and formed his "graceful" poetic style. For example, there are 12 Dianhai songs and 9 Zhi Zhu songs in the Three Gorges, which depict the scenery of mountains and rivers and win the charm of Yuefu. His weeping willow is full of early Tang style. "Back to Banqiao in yujiang county Township": "A long March is not afraid of the distance. It's really like Xie Yao Xuancheng Road, Nanpu Xinlin crosses Banqiao. " Express your tired and bitter feelings, and your feelings will be fine. Don't go to new places again. Yang Shen also extensively absorbed the advantages of the folk songs "On Sangjianpu" to enrich his poems. For example, "Farewell to the Disabled Luojiang" uses Mianzhou folk songs and suffixes with four farewell words, which are novel in conception, unique and fresh. Yang Shen dabbled in literature, Ci, Fu, Sanqu, Zaju and Tanci. His words and Sanqu are fresh and beautiful. Such as (Langtaosha) "Spring Dreams Like Flowers", the description is fine and the words are gorgeous and smooth. Sanqu (listening to a horse) "Ode to Wang Shunqing in the same boat" describes the quiet scenery of the boat under the moon, the river is full of color, the moonlight is like water, and it wants to sail into the sky and the Milky Way, with beautiful artistic conception and implicit narrative. His novel "Twenty-one History of Tanci" narrates the history from the Three Dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. It is fluent in writing and writing, and is widely read. His prose is simple and elegant, and his brushwork is bold and unrestrained. Han Miscellaneous □ Xin is full of lewd and elegant words, but not vulgar. In his early years, Ding Chou-yin was used to persuade Emperor Zheng De to "obey orders and be chaotic", and he was admonished by "the sages of the ancient times must seek great harmony", which was sincere and sometimes gentle and agitated. His Eight Arrays in Xindu County and Collection of Beautiful Scenery are also excellent narrative prose. In addition, he is also the author of zaju, such as The Mystery of the Banquet in the Cave of the Qing Dynasty, The Collection of Taihe, Cutting the Meat and Keeping the Essence King, etc.

Yuan Tankui's eight volumes are also textual research, which is roughly different from Dan Lead Record, but there are also considerable similarities and differences. Zhuge Liang said in Notes on Water Classics: "I sent a tiger step to supervise Meng Yan. According to "Swordsman Shuidong", Sima Yi attacked the camp because the Weihe River rose. I made a bridge and shot it over the water. When the bridge is built, it will be gone. " This matter is not in the biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang, which can fill the historical gap. Yang Shen not only talks about grammar in literature, but also advocates the origin of words in his poems and opposes extreme retro-ism. Oppose the history of poetry; I prefer Li Bai to Du Fu, and have a valuable discussion on Li Bai's life experience. He also identified Li Bai as a well-known person in Shu, and quoted his poems such as Shangshu Shangpei and Sad and Clear Autumn Fu to prove that Tang books called Bai a Longxi person and Emperor Taizong, and gained many new explanations in textual research and argumentation.