Current location - Music Encyclopedia - Today in History - Gao xingtan
Gao xingtan
Notes in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Biography of Danghu and Biography of Tan Fu: "Tan Fu, with the same word, is from Yangshan, Yanzhou." In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tan Fu and Liu Biao (? -208), etc. , wrote many times against eunuch tyranny and emperor asylum. Because he dares to speak and remonstrate, he is honored as a "August 1st" celebrity and can lead people to pursue sects. Tan Fu has always been regarded as the "ancestor" by the descendants of the Tan family in Anhui. According to the preface to the Biography of Party Obsession in the Later Han Dynasty, members of the Tan family and the same county are also famous for opposing eunuch autocracy and are known as one of the "eight handsome" celebrities.

The Book of the Later Han Dynasty mentioned "Tan Township" when describing the peasant uprising at the end of the Han Dynasty. According to Gu Zuyu's Records of Reading History and Geography, Tancheng is called Tanxiang, also known as Tanqiu and Guantan: "Tancheng is in the northeast of Yanzhou." Geography Note: There is Tancheng in the defective hills, Tancheng in the ancient irrigation and Tanxiang in the sky. In ancient times, the words "sandalwood" and "shovel" were interchangeable, and "pouring sandalwood" could be used as a shovel. Tanxiang Army once invaded Qinghe, which shows that the ancient defective hills are closely related to Qinghe. Today Qinghe is another place where Tan lived, probably because Tan lived in the Han Dynasty. Xianqiu County in the Han Dynasty described in the Summary of Reading Historical Records belongs to Shanyang County and is the seat of "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty named Prince Lu Gong as Hou Yi", and "the later Han Dynasty was also Xianqiu County. Shanxi Province entered Nanpingyang County, which belongs to Gaoping country. Gaoping County was changed to Gaoping County after Gaoping Prefecture. Yang Shan is one of the main settlements of Tan family in Han Dynasty. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, war broke out, and Tan and Tan moved to the south of the Yangtze River. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eight Kings and Yongjia rebelled, and the Central Plains was invaded by the Hu people. Tan, Jinxiang, Gaoping, went to Yishan, Yanzhou, to fight against the post-Zhao, following his great-grandson from Yanzhou. In the first year of Yongchang (322), Chi Jian was ordered to lead the main military and civilian forces in Gaoping area to the south, and Tan Bin succeeded Chi Jian as the cover for Yanzhou secretariat. After three years of resistance in Taining (325), Zhao was killed (Book of Jin Schleswig). In the third year of Jin Chengxian (328), Chi Jian, who was also the secretariat of Yanzhou and Xuzhou, led the refugee army into Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). In the following ten years, Chi Jian built Jingkou into a military barrier, defended the capital Jiankang (now Nanjing) and controlled the key points leading to Wu Jun granary (Wu Jun, Xing Wu and Huiji). (Tian Yuqing: Politics in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Peking University Publishing House, 2005) Jingkou was once the overseas Chinese residence established by Emperor Jin Yuan in Yanzhou, and later became the place where overseas Chinese ruled Xuzhou. Tan's move to Jingkou is inseparable from his leading role as a local clan in Gaoping Jinxiang and his resistance to Hu Zhong, and also from the efforts of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to resettle refugees and build Jingkou into a military town. Tan Shi, a native of Jingkou, entered the halls from the second-class gentry. Although Heyun is both a northern gentry, after crossing the river, his status is divided: because he became a noble gentry, he became a second-class gentry (also known as "cold door") belonging to the middle and lower classes of gentry, and lived in the same block as Liu Yu, who used to sell shoes for a living. Our daughter married Liu. However, with the establishment of the Liu and Song Dynasties, Tan's political status was improving day by day. For example, Tan Daoji, who later became the top general of the Northern Expedition, Tan Xuan, a Dao Ji native of Xie Xuanbei's army "General Longxiang", Tan Daoji's uncle Tan and his two brothers Tan Shao and Tan Zuo all served in Jinting before the Song Wudi uprising. From the period of Yishan's resistance to Hu and Dongjingkou, the Tan family experienced a change from literature to martial arts. Tan Daoji is a famous and outstanding general in China's military history, and the most famous representative of Tan Gaoping's family in Jin and Song Dynasties. During Liu Song's administration, he served as Jiangzhou secretariat, Sikong and Yongxiu founding county magistrate, and was regarded as the "Great Wall" to protect Liu Song. Up to now, there are still three idioms derived from this: "self-destructing the Great Wall" (loyal minister Tan Daoji was killed innocently), "singing for the sand" (strong enemies can still make clever plans to retreat the whole army under siege) and "excellent prisoners and good soldiers" (releasing surrendered Hu prisoners). Tan Daoji became a symbol of a hero who was unjustly imprisoned by a bad king in history and was regarded as the "eighth ancestor" by Tan. In the history of "Gaoping" development, the late Jin, Liu and Song Dynasties were the heyday. Zhao Yi, a famous historical critic in Qing Dynasty, listed the founding fathers of eight military commanders in Liu and Song Dynasties in Twenty-two Historical Records. The first three were Tan Shi brothers. Tan Daoji is a military commander, with seven recipients, from duke to baron. In addition to the samurai, Tan's famous literati include Tan Daoji's cousin, Shangshu Jin Bulang, Yongjia satrap Tan Daoluan, and the author of the book Continued Jinyang Autumn, which describes the history of the late Jin Dynasty. This book not only fills some gaps in the official records of the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, but also is considered to have influenced the comments of famous writers such as Xie Lingyun, Liu Xie and Zhong Rong on the evolution of literature. (Yu Jiaxi in Qing Dynasty: Essays on New Language and Literature) Tan Daoji's nephews Tan Chao and Jiang Yan jointly wrote Ten Records of Southern Qi, which is Xiao Zixian's Book of Southern Qi; One of the main reference books. In addition, the descendants of Gaoping Tan's family also have the works of Zuolang and Gaotang (now Gaotang, Shandong Province) Zitan Village in the Northern Dynasties. The famous Tan women in the Southern Dynasties were Dao Ji's younger sister, Princess Tan, who later became the imperial concubine. Tan is the editor of Shi Shuo Xin Yu and the biological mother of Liu Yiqing, the king of Linchuan. Tan believes in Taoism and likes to meditate in natural landscapes. She once built a Taoist temple in Leiping Mountain, near Maoshan Mountain in Xunrong, Jiangsu Province, where Xu Mi and Xu Xiang, masters of the Qing school, studied Taoism. It is recorded in Tao Hongjing's Authentic Works. According to the epitaph of Liu Dai unearthed in Zhenjiang, there is the great-grandmother Tan of Liu Xie, the author of Wen Xin Diao Long. Although Tan's fame is only a flash in the pan, the Book of Songs clearly points out that Tan Daoji and others are "people from Gaoping Jinxiang who live in Jingkou". In the Qing Dynasty, Jia You specifically listed "Gaoping Tan's Jinxiang lived in Jingkou" in the North-South History Table and Genealogy Table, indicating that the historical position of Gaoping Tan's family was recognized by later historians. Jingkou, Gaoping Tan Shi, after Jingkou, is Tan Shi's first hometown in the south of the Yangtze River, which has nurtured at least three generations. Tan lived in Jingkou for a hundred years until Tan Daoji moved to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang) and other places in the early years of Liu and Song Dynasties. Jiangzhou is another important area in the migration history of Tan. Today, Wangjiang, Anhui, is one of the main settlements of the Tan family, which means that some descendants of the Tan family moved in from Jiujiang and its nearby areas. The official history, local chronicles and clan history do not directly record Tan's experience in Jiangxi. However, Jiangxi, especially Gujiangzhou, is only 100 miles down the Yangtze River from Chizhou and Wangjiang, which is the intermediate link between Jingkou and Chizhou Tan Shi. According to Song Shu, Southern History and Ethnic History, during the Liu and Song Dynasties, the four Tan family members had fiefs in the north-central Jiangxi. According to legend, Tandaoji's tomb was excavated in Sushan Township, duchang county, Jiujiang, which was recorded in Pengze County Records. Two years ago, the author saw a descendant of Tan in Jiujiang on the Internet who said that his family had an ancient bottle, but I don't know why the words "Gao Ping Dan Roll" were engraved in it. In the autumn of 20 10, the author went to Wangjiang to check the family history, and learned from the conversation with the local Tan family that it was not until the Republic of China that Tan family moved from Jiangxi to Wangjiang. Some of them were not included in Wangjiang genealogy because they didn't know the genetic relationship with the Tan branch of Wangjiang, but they should also be descendants of Gaoping Jinxiang. In addition, Tan Daoji's uncle Tan Ping was named "Qu Gong" (The Book of Jin Tan Pingchuan). After the aristocratic exclusion of Liu and Song Dynasties in Southern Qi Dynasty, the minority descendants of Tan family in Gaoping are likely to be scattered in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Gaoping Tan Shi, who lives in Chizhou and Wangjiang in southwest Anhui, has once again become a local cultural family. The official history of Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties recorded Tan Dao Ji's ancestral home in Gaoping and his "residence in Jingkou", which confirmed the inheritance relationship between Tan's family in Jingkou and Gaoping Jinxiang. At the end of Liu and Song Dynasties, Tan Daoji Sun and Nanyang Taishou Tan Jue were both inheritors of Gaoping-Jingkou's entry into Chizhou. According to genealogical records, Tan Jue was buried in Guichi (known as Shicheng in ancient times) after his death, which was the first time that the Tan family settled in Chizhou. After Tan Jue, another key figure who showed Tan's migration history was Tan Zhuo who was waiting in Huizhou Pavilion in the middle of Zhao and Song Dynasties. He was ordered by Song Gaozong to present a map of his ancestor Tan Daoji, and Tan Zhuo moved from Guichi to Jiande (now East) in his later years. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Tan family in Chizhou was a local surname, which established the status of a local cultural family, which can be seen from many Tan Jinshi or other members recorded in Chizhou Fuzhi and Tan Family Tree. For example, Yuan Tan, a bachelor of Hanlin in the Northern Song Dynasty, Tan Zhuo's father, Tan, the top scholar in imperial academy, Tan Tuotang, an uncle, and Tan Gu, a Song Shangshu. Among them, Tan Gu was also listed as a "traitor in Yuan You" for opposing Cai Jing, Cai Bian and other traitors ("Chizhou Prefecture Records and People Records"). The 46th stone carving of Longyinyan Cliff in Qixing Mountain, Guilin, Guangxi, which has been preserved now is Tan Gu. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Tan Ga, the descendant of Tan Tuo, moved to Wangjiang, and designated the Tan family as the first family to live in Wangjiang. Wangjiang today is one of the counties with the most concentrated descendants of Gao Pingtan. 1995, when the genealogy was compiled, there were more than 22,000 people in Wangjiang. There are many records about the Ming Dynasty in Chizhou Fuzhi, and the earliest existing genealogy in the East is a book in the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923). Anhui Library has an incomplete copy of Kangxi's Tan Family Tree, which records the history of Sizhou Judgment in Ming Dynasty. Wangjiang Tan Shi, a descendant of the East, settled in western Anhui late, but its genealogy is clearly recorded. Forty years after Qianlong (1775), Tan Cui and others compiled "Wangjiang Tanjia Ride" with two distinct features. First, compare the genealogy of past dynasties with the official history and related works, sort out, enrich and correct mistakes according to the framework of official history, and improve the biographies. The second is to reiterate the symbol of "Gaoping Tan Shi", and the cover book of Wangjiang genealogy is "Gaoping Tan Shi". In the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1), Tan Qiu and Tan Ji continued to revise the National History of Wangjiang on the basis of retaining Tan Cuiben and his later editions, which made Tan Cuiben spread.