/kloc-in the 8th century, a British village doctor named edward jenner invented and popularized a method to prevent terrible smallpox-vaccinia inoculation after years of hard research. So that people can gain permanent immunity to smallpox and save countless lives. Edward jenner is famous for preventing smallpox and is called "the father of immunology".
Edward jenner, 1749, was born in a pastor's family in England. /kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, he studied medicine with rural surgeons. At the age of 2/kloc-0, he went to London to study anatomy and surgery, and later returned to his hometown to become a doctor. In the process of treating villagers, he found that some women who milked cows seldom got smallpox, and realized that this was related to the mild vaccinia of those women who milked cows. 1May, 79614th, he conducted the first vaccination test in human history and invented the method of smallpox vaccination. Therefore, this method spread all over Europe and made an important contribution to the final eradication of smallpox.
Close to a miracle
Historically, human beings have been invaded by infectious diseases many times. In the process of human struggle against various diseases, vaccines have played a great role in preventing diseases and avoiding infectious diseases.
Smallpox, as a plague, seriously destroys human life. /kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, European countries suffered from smallpox, and many people died of this merciless plague. Edward jenner, a British country doctor, found a strange phenomenon: cows in this country got diseases similar to smallpox, and those milkmaids were infected when they came into contact with herpes on cows, and even smaller herpes appeared, which was vaccinia. And people who have been infected with vaccinia will not be infected with smallpox.
Jenner immediately realized that vaccinia was related to smallpox, so it would be more ideal to replace smallpox vaccine with vaccinia vaccine. 1796 On May 4th, he vaccinated an 8-year-old boy with smallpox. The boy recovered after being infected with vaccinia for a month. After that, Jenna vaccinated the boy with smallpox. As a result, the boy was not infected at all, which proved that vaccinia can make people immune to smallpox.
Jenner called his method "vaccination" (Latin means "cow"). This is the first dose of vaccine in human history-vaccinia vaccine. Vaccinium inoculation method prevented and stopped the spread of smallpox, and the mass death caused by smallpox stopped. 1979, the world health organization announced that smallpox had been eradicated all over the world.
/kloc-In the late 20th century, bacteria were discovered one after another, which caused serious infectious diseases for people and livestock, such as cholera, typhoid fever, anthrax, plague, diphtheria and mycobacterium tuberculosis. The famous French scientist louis pasteur invented chicken cholera vaccine in 1879, anthrax vaccine in 188 1 year and rabies vaccine in 1882, which conquered rabies and shocked the whole of Europe. Louis Pasteur saved countless lives and brought a large number of infectious diseases under control, thus prolonging the average life span of human beings for decades.
The speed of overcoming diseases is getting faster and faster, and the ability is getting stronger and stronger. Tuberculosis is an ancient disease, which was called "consumption" in ancient China. 1882, robert koch, a German doctor, isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis by using advanced bacteriological techniques, and isolated Bacillus cholerae in 1884. From 65438 to 0944, Americans invented streptomycin ... The successful development of various vaccines is a great achievement in the fight against infectious diseases. 192 1 invented the BCG vaccine to prevent tuberculosis. 1928, the world's first antibiotic penicillin was used for treatment; In the same year, pertussis vaccine was born.
By the end of the 20th century, scientists had developed more than 30 kinds of safe and effective vaccines. Humans used vaccines to eradicate smallpox, control cholera, control whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio and other diseases.