Beijing's long history of capital development has created unique historical and traditional buildings. Various ancient quadrangle buildings and quadrangles all over the city contain hundreds or even hundreds of years of capital history and culture, and become an indispensable part of Beijing's historical and cultural city today. Since the construction of Dadoucheng in Yuan Dynasty, the traditional hutongs and streets built by quadrangles have become the most distinctive residential architecture system in Beijing after hundreds of years of consolidation and development in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Historically, quadrangles, as a unique layout system, have adapted to the needs of different social classes and the most practical residential use and various utilization functions. Therefore, in the long history of Beijing and the change of dynasties, quadrangles have always been the most common architectural form in past dynasties. In the overall planning and layout of the whole city, the important buildings distributed all over the city on both sides of the north-south central axis are coordinated, which sets off the majesty and dignity of royal buildings such as Miyagi and Yuyuan Garden in the center of the city. ?

In the history of Beijing, this quadrangle building with quadrangle layout is a traditional quadrangle building, which has different types and formats according to the grade differences of different regions and social strata in the city. No matter in the plane layout, appearance modeling, building height or structural decoration, a complete and standardized building system has been formed, including a wealth of building types and modeling. Among them, there are four most prominent ones: one is the large courtyard with strict building grade, such as mansion, mansion, mansion and so on. , mostly distributed in the big quadrangles in the inner city. There are dozens of Wang Fu quadrangles such as Gongwangfu, Qinchunwangmi and Wang Fu in Shuncheng County, as well as a number of palaces such as Baylor House, Beizi House, Princess House, Guo Gongfu and General House. Second, quadrangles with different building scales are the most widely distributed traditional buildings in the old city; Third, various temples, academies, halls, schools, etc. , mainly arranged in the form of architectural enclosure, each with different architectural styles; Fourthly, the traditional merchant shops with architectural diversity are mostly distributed in Xidan, Wangfujing, Qianmen, Dalan, Liulichang and other areas in old Beijing. The above-mentioned building courtyards with quadrangle layout as the basic feature constitute a rich and diverse traditional quadrangle building community in the old city of Beijing. ?

Another intangible cultural value unique to Beijing Siheyuan and Hutong is that it is the carrier of the traditional culture of Beijing, a historic city that has lasted for hundreds of years. Traditional buildings such as quadrangles and hutongs distributed in the old city are the historical context of Beijing, recording major events and important historical figures that have occurred and appeared in history. Although Beijing has experienced great historical changes and times development since the Republic of China, the original old city has also undergone great changes, especially the demolition of the city walls and most of the city gates that best reflect the characteristics of Beijing's ancient city, which has become the biggest regret affecting the overall image of Beijing's historic city. However, a number of "old king pavilions" and a large number of ordinary people's houses in the old city have been preserved intact after hundreds of years of vicissitudes. These ancient quadrangles and hutongs all contain profound historical and cultural connotations. Many important historical events, important people's activities and the birth of famous literary works in ancient and modern times in the history of Beijing and even China were all realized in these traditional quadrangles and hutongs. From a historical point of view, Beijing is a place where the essence of China's history and culture has been gathered since the Yuan Dynasty. Most of the history and culture of different times are integrated with traditional buildings such as quadrangles and hutongs, which are inseparable.

Second, what has the traditional quadrangle architecture become? Historical reasons for dilapidated houses

For a long time since 1950s, quadrangle buildings in Beijing have been shouldering the needs of1000000 citizens for housing, office, enterprise production, business operation, school teaching and other social purposes. In particular, quadrangles and hutongs in the central area of the old city have always been residential buildings on which the general public depend for survival and residence. With the development of society after the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially the rapid growth of Beijing's population and the improvement of urban living standards, the original functions of traditional quadrangles in old Beijing are increasingly showing that they cannot meet the needs of modern social life. In addition, in the decades after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the traditional quadrangles in the old city generally faced problems such as dilapidated houses, overpopulation, crowded living and environmental degradation. At the beginning of this year, the housing management department of Dongcheng District investigated the housing situation of a street in this district, which roughly represented the current situation of the use of traditional quadrangle buildings in the old city: the total area of a street in Dongcheng District is 1? 47 square kilometers, there are 10 community neighborhood committees and 19745 households with a total population of 52446. There are 1940 courtyards in Siheyuan District. According to the traditional living style of one hospital and one household, it should be 1940 households, but the actual living is 19745 households. In this small and crowded space, the living environment of residents is very bad. As far as the basic requirements of life are concerned, hydropower facilities are seriously aging and difficult to update; Burning coal pollutes the environment; Public toilets are not easy to use, and it is inconvenient for children and the elderly; The increase of private cars has blocked hutongs, making it difficult for residents to travel; The private construction of hospitals is serious; Increased fire hazards; Modern facilities such as natural gas, heat and communication cannot be introduced into the hospital, and the chaotic environment has seriously affected the mood of residents.

Third, understand the process of protecting traditional quadrangles?

The protection of quadrangles and hutongs in old Beijing has gone through a long and gradual process of understanding. In the critical period of the early days of the People's Republic of China, we finally did not adopt the proposal of protecting the old city and building a new city, but established the planning for the transformation and utilization of the old city in Beijing. Under the guidance of this idea, the old city of Beijing and the traditional quadrangles with the largest stock are always facing the impact of endless modernization and the development of the times. Looking back on the construction and development of Beijing since the founding of the People's Republic of China, it is not difficult to see that historical and traditional buildings such as Beijing's old city, quadrangles and hutongs have been impacted by urban construction and development since the founding of the People's Republic of China many times. First, the national political center and cultural center have carried out a number of construction projects after the establishment of the old city, including the construction of administrative office facilities of various state organs; Secondly, it is a large-scale old city reconstruction project that began to be implemented after the 1970s. Since 1980s, Beijing has successively formulated and promulgated a series of old city reconstruction, construction and development plans, such as Beijing Urban Construction Master Plan and Beijing Urban Construction Height Control Plan. It is stipulated that the building height in the old city should be centered on the Forbidden City, and the buildings on the east and west sides can be gradually built to be 9 meters 65438+. The height of buildings on the edge of the old city can reach between 30 meters and 45 meters. Since the implementation of the renovation project, many traditional streets in the old city have been renovated and widened; A large number of buildings are constantly appearing. The original quadrangles and hutongs in the old city have also been gradually reduced in a series of reconstruction and construction projects. ?

Under the requirements of the overall renovation plan, some historical and cultural blocks have also implemented renovation projects. However, due to the lack of protection planning guidance, the traditional features and original buildings of the reconstructed block have changed greatly. For example, the famous Wangfujing traditional business district and Xidan traditional business district in old Beijing have been transformed into modern shopping malls completely different from traditional commercial streets; Qianmen, Liulichang, Long Fu Temple and other traditional blocks, after transformation and partial transformation, the original traditional architectural style has also undergone great changes. ?

The renovation of dilapidated houses in 1990s once posed a great threat to the protection of traditional quadrangles and hutongs. Some quadrangles and hutongs undergoing renovation projects have been replaced by buildings, and the historical environment around some cultural relics buildings has also been replaced by a brand-new modern environment. For example, niujie Mosque, Qi Baishi's former residence, Cai Yuanpei's former residence, Zhu Yizun's former residence, Lin Baishui's former residence, Yuqian Ancestral Temple and other cultural relics units, the original quadrangles, hutongs and other traditional buildings around them no longer exist, and these traditional buildings have been completely "submerged" in the high-rise community and become "bonsai". The scale and speed of the whole city reconstruction project have aroused great concern from all walks of life and experts and scholars. They called for changing the transformation mode of the old city and comprehensively protecting the few quadrangles and hutongs in the old city. Some scholars assert that if quadrangles and hutongs that reflect the cultural tradition of old Beijing disappear in the old city, the historic city of Beijing will lose its meaning of existence. ?

The municipal government attaches great importance to the opinions and suggestions of experts and scholars, and made a decision in early 2003, explicitly demanding to stop the renovation project of dilapidated houses and all development and construction projects carried out by dismantling quadrangles and hutongs in the old city; Protect every quadrangle and hutong in the old city. Through investigation, a number of quadrangles (658) included in the protection scope were identified in the dangerous building area; The city has studied, formulated and implemented a number of measures and regulations for the maintenance and protection of traditional quadrangles. For a time, the city formed a strong atmosphere to protect traditional quadrangles, hutongs and other historical buildings. All walks of life have also actively participated in this protection activity, and some enterprises have also seen examples of dismantling factories and workshops built in quadrangles in the early years and restoring the original quadrangles and hutongs. For example, Tongrentang Pharmaceutical Company, a well-known time-honored enterprise, decided to demolish all the 20,000-square-meter factories, workshops and office buildings built by the enterprise in Shichahai and other quadrangles in the 1950s, and restore the original quadrangle buildings in history as the office and reception places of the enterprise. It can be seen that the protection of traditional quadrangles and hutongs in Beijing has received unprecedented attention from the whole society, which has changed the understanding and value revaluation of traditional buildings such as quadrangles and hutongs in Beijing by the society and the public, and transformed the "demolition and construction" transformation of dilapidated houses into the maintenance and protection of dilapidated houses. This return to the past social understanding and the implementation of protection work will make the traditional quadrangles and hutongs in Beijing finally return to the original status of historical and cultural cities and be included in the category of permanent protection of historical and cultural cities. ?

Fourthly, the historical and time limitations of traditional quadrangle architecture.

The quadrangles and hutongs in Beijing's history have always been welcomed by the international community and have traditional oriental characteristics. They form hutongs, streets and lanes with unique architectural enclosure and courtyard layout, and finally form an elegant urban landscape. They are unique in the history of residential buildings in the world and have become an indispensable part of Beijing's history and culture. However, it must also be noted that with the development of urban modernization and the improvement of the living standards of the general public, it is impossible for all the original quadrangles and hutongs in the old city of Beijing to remain intact. Judging from the needs of social development and people's modern life, the quadrangle architecture that has been passed down from history to the present has exposed some problems that need to be discussed and re-recognized in terms of its original layout and use function.

First, traditional quadrangles have duality in modern life. On the one hand, the traditional quadrangles and hutongs in old Beijing have preserved rich traditional information and historical and cultural connotations, and their buildings have both historical and cultural values and the overall value that constitutes the culture of Beijing's historic city; On the other hand, judging from the overall preservation of traditional quadrangles and hutongs in the old city, most of them have exceeded the repair period and generally become dilapidated houses. In addition, with the increase of households, the life is crowded, the municipal facilities are backward, and the overall environment is deteriorating, which is extremely disproportionate to the traditional image of Beijing as a famous historical and cultural city and the international status of the capital. ?

Secondly, the living function of traditional quadrangles can't meet the needs of modern urban life. The quadrangle architecture in old Beijing is the product of urban construction and the development of social traditional life for hundreds of years, and it is also the reflection of family life in feudal society. Its architectural layout basically adapts to the social living standard, family life style and traditional family concept of ancient cities. Since the 20th century, especially in recent decades, with the development and improvement of social life, great changes have taken place in the traditional lifestyle of old Beijing. For example, the traditional way of life in which several generations lived under one roof in history has been replaced by the way of small families living apart and having children. However, the quadrangle building that is suitable for several generations to live under one roof in history can no longer meet the needs of several families or even a dozen small families living in one yard. In the past, each quadrangle only needed a kitchen and bathroom to meet the needs of many people in the courtyard, but now every household in the courtyard has a small kitchen, which has turned the quadrangle into a large and orderly courtyard. Over the past decades, great progress has been made in the modernization of the capital city, but the overall municipal facilities of quadrangles and hutongs in the old city have not changed much. Most residents of quadrangles have no toilets and shower facilities, and some courtyards even have no drainage pipes, so various municipal pipelines cannot be introduced. Using coal for heating in winter not only pollutes the urban environment, but also causes serious security risks. Judging from the development trend of urban residents' life in the future, cars, as a means of transportation for people's work and life, will enter the family. When people generally meet the conditions of buying and selling, cars can't enter narrow hutongs, let alone traditional quadrangles. All these reflect the incompatibility between traditional quadrangles and developing urban life. ?

Thirdly, it is the limitation of traditional quadrangle architecture in space utilization. Compared with the traditional residential buildings in European countries, quadrangle building, as a plane building form, only uses limited surface area, and the building area and capacity are very limited, so it can't effectively use the underground and aboveground space, which makes the urban building and living space not fully utilized. Compared with the traditional residential buildings-three-dimensional buildings in historical cities in European countries, the living capacity of three-dimensional buildings in cities with the same land area will be several times that of quadrangle bungalows. For traditional residential buildings in historical cities such as Paris and Rome, the height of the above-ground space is generally about seven stories, and the underground area has been fully utilized. This kind of three-dimensional building not only greatly relieves the pressure of the above-ground building and life, but also expands the public use area of the city, doubles the accommodation conditions of urban residents, and can provide and ensure that every household can have a better living environment, living facilities and activity space, which is incomparable to traditional quadrangles. ?

Fourthly, it is the complexity of the restoration process of traditional quadrangle buildings. The quadrangle architecture preserved so far in the old city of Beijing is a residential building of different grades formed by the continuous improvement and development of traditional architectural technology for hundreds of years. Its construction processes and practices, from bricks, beams and walls to doors and windows and oil decorations, have strict requirements on materials and techniques. Compared with modern light structures and low-cost bungalows, the construction of traditional quadrangle buildings obviously has the characteristics of more materials, complex technology, long time consumption and high cost. Especially from the perspective of ecological environment protection, a large number of wooden materials are used in the "four beams and eight columns", doors and windows, roofs and other parts of the quadrangle building structure. If the quadrangle architecture is still intact in a metropolis with a population of over 10 million, it will undoubtedly exhaust the limited forest resources in China. ?

Obviously, the above problems are not only an important factor restricting the development of traditional quadrangles in Beijing, but also an important reason why traditional quadrangles have gradually evolved into dangerous houses in the old city in recent decades. ?

Archaeology has proved that the living environment of human beings has gradually developed with the continuous progress of society. The history of the development of ancient cities in China also shows that the residential buildings in the past dynasties inherited the achievements of predecessors, but also changed and improved according to the needs of the times. The quadrangle buildings, hutongs, streets and lanes with different patterns in the old city are the products of the development and changes of China's political, economic and social life since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to relevant documents, when building Dadoucheng in Yuan Dynasty, it inherited the lane system in Song and Jin Dynasties, and planned and built 50 lanes in Dadoucheng as the residential area of the city. At the same time, combined with the fact that the Yuan Dynasty has achieved national unity and social stability, according to the traffic needs in the city, the traditional lane rules were reformed, the original closed quadrangle building was retained, and the original lane doors and walls were cancelled, thus producing the famous. For example, Gong Jing Square and Jintai Square, which were built on the east side of the Bell and Drum Tower in the Yuan Dynasty, were gradually changed to North and South Gong and Drum Lane after the Ming Dynasty. The quadrangle, which was built in Yuan Dynasty, has experienced hundreds of years since Ming and Qing Dynasties, and its original architectural pattern has also undergone great changes. The Historical Atlas of Beijing, edited by Professor Hou Renzhi, a famous historian, clearly records the "traces" of the changes of hutongs and alleys in Beijing since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Compared with the map of Ganlong Capital compiled in Qing Dynasty, it is more clear that the pattern and trend of the existing main streets and hutongs on the north side of Chang 'an Avenue in the inner city of Beijing have not changed much since the Yuan Dynasty. However, it is not difficult to find that the architectural pattern, housing layout and courtyard scale of hutong quadrangles have changed obviously in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and even in the Republic of China, and some courtyards and areas are obviously "new buildings" in the current dynasty. Therefore, we can say that the quadrangle architecture and its layout in the old city of Beijing are the final "product" of the social and historical development and the continuous change and improvement of people's lifestyle in Beijing for hundreds of years.

Since the 1990s, Beijing has taken building a modern international metropolis as its development goal in the new period, which has accelerated the pace of modernization in an all-round way. According to the development requirements of the overall goal, the historical and traditional areas such as quadrangles and hutongs that have been preserved so far in the old city of Beijing will also comprehensively improve the living and municipal environment of the whole area. The vast number of residents who have lived in quadrangles for generations should also enjoy a modern high-quality lifestyle in the city. It has been put on the agenda to introduce municipal, telecommunications and gas pipelines into traditional quadrangles. Facing the modernization development of the whole city and even the whole country and the improvement of the overall living standard of the society, with the increase of modern use functions, the original historical building pattern and form will inevitably change with the times. As a rich and distinctive regional culture, quadrangles have a long history and the ability to keep pace with the times. The development history of the quadrangle itself also proves that only by adapting to the continuous improvement of people's lives and the needs of social development can the quadrangle architecture with centuries-old history gain new vitality, and finally it is possible to continue to exist and develop in the rapidly developing modern social life. On the contrary, the result is that, except for a few quadrangles in the old city of Beijing, which are preserved as "historical heritage" and kept intact for people to visit, the ordinary quadrangles currently used as residential houses will be eliminated by residents and even modern society sooner or later. ?

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Problems to be solved urgently in quadrangle protection

From the perspective of national historical and cultural protection, traditional blocks such as quadrangles and hutongs, which have been inherited for hundreds of years, are not only an indispensable part of Beijing's historical city, but also have important historical city protection value. Moreover, they are also the last precious "resources" containing Beijing's social history and culture and national traditional culture. Once lost, it will be the biggest loss and regret after Beijing demolished the city wall that year. Therefore, the protection of quadrangles in Beijing has become a "crossroads" of social concern. With the attention of the municipal government, in recent years, corresponding protection measures have been gradually taken for the protection of quadrangles and hutongs. For example, 30 quadrangle concentrated areas have been announced as historical and cultural protection blocks; To formulate and promulgate the protection scope and protection regulations of this block; Some courtyards with good status quo are listed as protected objects, and the whole imperial city is announced as a protected block. At present, with the attention of all parties, the protection of quadrangles has been carried out in the city. Practice has proved that the protection of quadrangles in the old city is a more complicated work than "reconstruction", especially in the further work, there are many contradictions and problems to be solved:

First, we should further unify our understanding of the concept of protection and mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors of society. The protection of quadrangles is a very social work, involving many government departments and all aspects of society, and requires the joint participation of municipal and district governments, planning, housing management, cultural relics, construction committees and other departments. In particular, the "rebuild" and construction departments should obey the overall situation of protection work, completely abandon small-scale and small-scale "rebuild" projects at the expense of traditional buildings such as quadrangles, implement the decision of the municipal government, and shift the focus of work to the maintenance and protection of dilapidated quadrangles. ?

Secondly, it is to guide the residents of quadrangles to correctly understand and treat the relationship between the immediate interests of removing quadrangles and the long-term interests of protecting quadrangles. In particular, let the residents of dangerous houses really understand that the real value of the old Beijing quadrangle building lies in the sustainable utilization of the whole city today and in the future, and it will serve the broad masses of the people for a long time. According to the law of gradual development, at present, the historical, cultural and social values contained in the seemingly ordinary traditional quadrangles in the old city of Beijing can only be truly reflected in the long run. Therefore, under the current social, economic and cultural concept, our understanding of today's traditional quadrangles has obvious limitations of the times, which is far from replacing the long-term historical and social value displayed in the future. Therefore, at present, we should pay special attention to the protection of quadrangles in the old city, because only by doing the current protection work well can we provide an important guarantee for the long-term utilization in the future. ?

Third, we should combine the protection of quadrangles with the improvement of residents' housing conditions. At present, the prominent problem in the protection and utilization of quadrangles in the old city of Beijing is over-utilization. Most houses often have several generations living under one roof, and life is crowded. We should move out first, so as to relieve the residents and reduce the pressure on the use of quadrangles, and then implement the maintenance and protection of the courtyard. In terms of operation mode, the municipal and district governments should be included in the planning, provide an appropriate amount of relocated houses every year, and gradually resettle residents in the hospital by region. On this basis, the restoration of each courtyard is carried out in a planned way. Courtyard buildings owned by units or enterprises should also list the employee relocation plan, implement it year by year and be responsible for the restoration of the courtyard buildings. The municipal and district government departments should list the protection of quadrangles as the city's environmental treatment project, study and formulate special plans for relocated households and environmental treatment, list the work objectives and implementation plans, and implement the joint actions of the municipal and district governments for several years, which will certainly achieve results. ?

Fourth, seriously study and properly handle the relationship between the protection and utilization of quadrangles. The quadrangles and hutongs preserved in the old city have undergone great changes after decades of construction and development in the urban area, and some quadrangle blocks are quite different from the original historical features. Especially the expansion of municipal roads, some historical buildings and courtyards are occupied by new roads, so it is impossible to completely protect all quadrangles in the old city. The protection of existing quadrangles should also be treated differently, and different protection standards should be put forward according to the different distribution areas of quadrangles. In particular, it is necessary to formulate corresponding regulations in combination with the actual needs of the majority of households: First, it is necessary to distinguish quadrangle buildings in 30 historical and cultural blocks that have been announced for protection from those in general areas. Compared with the quadrangle buildings in these two areas, they have different protection requirements: the former is protected by the original pattern and prototype system, while the latter only protects its traditional architectural characteristics and styles; The former can't increase or change its original architectural pattern, while the latter can adjust its plane layout according to needs. The second is to protect the traditional appearance of quadrangle buildings, combined with internal decoration and utilization. The protection of quadrangle buildings is different from the protection of cultural relics, and the protection of quadrangle residential buildings must be combined with the real life needs of the majority of households. In our city, besides quadrangle buildings declared as cultural relics protection units and quadrangle buildings in important blocks are strictly protected according to cultural relics laws and regulations, a large number of residential quadrangle buildings only protect their building laws and regulations, original layout and traditional appearance style, and their interiors can be modernized and utilized to meet the needs of the times. Third, the protection of the historical pattern of quadrangles is combined with residents' pursuit of modern lifestyle. The modern living standard and way of the city is the goal of our city's future development, including traditional quadrangles and hutongs, but at the same time, we must be soberly aware that it is impossible to fundamentally change the living environment of quadrangles residents in the old city due to the limitations of historical and geographical conditions. Only under the premise of protecting the overall integrity of the courtyard can we create conditions to gradually improve the infrastructure level of the courtyard. However, the introduction of some large-scale municipal pipelines will have great contradictions with the protection of quadrangles. For example, gas, heat and other large-diameter pipeline facilities with strict requirements on pipeline technology will be restricted by quadrangles and hutongs, and it is impossible to introduce them into every courtyard. However, in most quadrangle areas, a variety of municipal pipelines and facilities can be introduced without destroying the overall pattern of the courtyard and affecting the style of the block, and family toilets, kitchens and other living facilities can be added for quadrangle residents. ?

Generally speaking, the transformation of modern facilities in urban quadrangles is in the initial stage, especially in the implementation method, we will continue to explore and study the new mode of protecting and developing modern living facilities in quadrangles. ?

Fifth, gradually promote the privatization of quadrangles. Privatization of quadrangles is the way to realize a virtuous circle of urban quadrangles protection. In this regard, experts have put forward suggestions, and the municipal housing management department has also formulated and promulgated the relevant provisions on private purchase of quadrangles. However, we are faced with many problems accumulated by public ownership of housing for half a century, and it is difficult to comprehensively promote new methods at present. We need to create conditions, implement it step by step and advance it step by step. According to the specific conditions of different blocks, hutongs and courtyards, several modes of privatization of quadrangles should be formulated. First, buy the property rights of quadrangles for social groups, private enterprises and cultural celebrities, and at the same time invest in the relocation and resettlement of existing residents, and restore the original courtyards in accordance with the relevant regulations on quadrangles protection. Second, the housing management department is responsible for resettling residents, restoring courtyard buildings, and then selling them to the society. Buyers have the responsibility to maintain the integrity and good condition of quadrangle buildings; Third, the quadrangle building owned by the unit enterprise can be transferred or purchased by the enterprise owner, and the property owner should be fully responsible for the restoration and protection of the original building; Fourth, encourage property owners who are unable to repair ancestral houses for economic reasons to sell them to the society, and achieve the purpose of repairing and protecting quadrangles through property rights transfer. ?

Facing the impact of the current capital modernization on the protection of historical traditional buildings, we have to reflect on the protection of Beijing's history and culture. In recent years, we have experienced a complicated and arduous process of understanding the importance and protection of traditional quadrangle buildings in Beijing, and gained social knowledge of protecting quadrangles in Beijing. At the same time, we deeply realize that the traditional quadrangles, hutongs and other historical buildings in old Beijing are the historical and cultural heritage of our nation, and it is our contemporary historical responsibility to comprehensively protect this heritage. Nowadays, the protection of traditional quadrangle buildings has received unprecedented attention from all walks of life. The importance of protecting quadrangle buildings lies in that Beijing is making every effort to prepare for the "Olympic Games" and carry forward the excellent national traditional culture, thus giving great historical and contemporary significance to the protection of traditional quadrangles. Now we have taken a difficult step to formulate protective measures for quadrangles. Due to the complexity and arduousness of this protection work, the protection of quadrangles in the whole city is still relatively backward in terms of overall work. At present, it is not possible to comprehensively promote the protection of quadrangles in the city. Only through the full cooperation and long-term efforts of government departments and the active participation of all walks of life can we see the overall effect of the protection of traditional quadrangles in the old city of Beijing. ?