Shu Han's attitude towards the Northern Expedition
Shu Han's enthusiasm for the Northern Expedition showed a downward trend. From the 6th year of Jianxing in Shu Han Dynasty to the 12th year of Jianxing (that is, from 228 to 234 AD), Zhuge Liang was in power. Zhuge Liang is a hawk, so at this stage Shu Han made six northern expeditions, and Zhuge Liang personally led troops five times. After Zhuge Liang's death, Shi Jiangwan, the prime minister, succeeded Zhuge Liang and became the second ruler of Shu Han. Jiang Wan is also a hawk, even fiercer than Zhuge Liang, and plans to attack Xiangyang from the Shang Dynasty along the Hanshui River. However, Jiang Wan's Northern Expedition did not come true. First, because the risk is too great, it is greatly resisted by the DPRK; The second is Jiang Wan's personal physical reasons.
After the death of Jiang Wan, Fei Yi and Jiang Wei became rulers. Jiang Wei is a nominal ruler, but in fact his political influence in Shu and Han dynasties is extremely limited. And Fei Yi's position is higher than that of Jiang Wei, who is restricted by Fei Yi. Jiang Wei wanted to carry out the Northern Expedition, but Fei Yi was an anti-war faction, so he always suppressed Jiang Wei's desire to carry out the Northern Expedition and only gave Jiang Wei 10,000 people to the Northern Expedition.
In the 16th year of Yan Xi in Shu Han Dynasty (AD 253), Fei Yi was assassinated by Guo Xun, a Cao Wei man brought back by Jiang Wei during his Northern Expedition. As mentioned above, Jiang Wei's political discourse power is not great. At this time, Chen Zuo was ordered to have higher political influence than Jiang Wei, but he was a hawk and took the same position as Jiang Wei. Therefore, Jiang Wei made many high-frequency large-scale northern expeditions. Jiang Wei won, and the voice of the anti-war faction in Shu Han could not shake Jiang Wei; However, after the great defeat in the Battle of Duangu, the voices of anti-war factions also rose.
For example, Qiao Zhou strongly opposed Chen Zuo and Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition. Even Jiang Wei's comrades-in-arms Liao Hua and Yi Cheung did not support Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition. Liao Hua and Zhang Yi are both famous Shu generals who fought against Cao Cao Group or Cao Wei, and they maintained a critical attitude towards Jiang. It can be seen that Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition really no longer conforms to the popular trend of Shu and Han. The influence of these figures on Jiang Wei is limited, while Zhuge Zhan, Dong Jue and Fan Jian have the power to record history, and their political influence is far higher than that of Jiang Wei, a nominal general. Zhuge Zhan and others tried to seize Jiang Wei's military power and replaced him with Yan Yu, the right general and commander-in-chief of Yong 'an, which made Jiang Wei afraid to return to Chengdu and reclaim land in the stack to avoid disaster. This shows Jiang Wei's fear of these three political enemies. The following small series will talk about these three people.
Zhuge Zhan, Dong Jue, Fan Jian
Zhuge Zhan:
Zhuge Zhan, the son of Zhuge Liang, was also highly anticipated by the people of Shu and Han, including Liu Chan. There are only two generals in Liu Bei Group or Shu Han, one is Zhuge Liang and the other is Zhuge Zhan. In fact, the general strategist is not a particularly high official position, but its particularity reflects Zhuge Zhan's position in Shu and Han dynasties.
As can be seen from Zhuge Zhan's personal biography, the relationship between him and Chen Shou is very bad, and Chen Shou added obvious subjective color when compiling history. Therefore, the historical image of Zhuge Zhan is not particularly good. There are not many positive comments in the whole biography, and the negative comments are basically handy, so Bian Xiao will not repeat them here. Due to Chen Shou's subjective record, the image of Zhuge Zhan in history may be thin and one-sided. However, Zhuge Zhan was at least a loyal minister who died for Shu Han. In the Battle of Wei Destroying Shu, he and his son Zhuge Shang fought against Wargo in Mianzhu until they died. Zhuge Liang broke down from constant overwork, and Zhuge Zhan and Zhuge Shang died in battle, making them loyal to Shu Han.
Dong Jue:
Dong Jue was the official history and main book of the Prime Minister's Office. After Zhuge Liang's death, the Prime Minister's office was dissolved, and Dong Jue entered the Shangshutai and became the servant of Shangshu. At that time, Jiang Wei recorded history in name, but actually ignored it. Chen Zuo is the book minister in charge of power, and the book minister is the second in command. After Chen Zuo died, Dong Jue became a secretary. This is a great change for Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition.
Fan Jian:
Fan Jian and Dong Jue are both from Yiyang, Jingzhou. In the 14th year of Yan Xi in Shu Han Dynasty (i.e. AD 25 1 year), Fan Jian went to Dongwu as a captain. Sun Quan was very ill at this time and didn't see Fan Jian. Sun Quan asked Zhuge Ke: What are the advantages and disadvantages of Fan Jian and Zong Yu? Zong Yu sent envoys to Wu Dong and established a deep relationship with Sun Quan. Zhuge Ke's answer is that Fan Caijian is not as good as Zong Yu, but his temperament is better than Zong Yu. After the death of Shu Han, Fan Jian also talked with Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, about Zhuge Liang's way of governing the country and helped Wargo rehabilitate.
The Influence of Zhuge Zhan Party on Jiang Wei
According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Jiang Wei was forced not to return to Chengdu because he offended eunuch Huang Hao. Actually, it's not. Bo Huang is really bad, and Jiang Wei has a bad relationship. But it is Zhuge Zhan, Dong Jue and Fan Jian who really want to bring down Jiang Wei, and Huang Hao is two forces. The reflection was recorded as Huang Hao because of the feud between Chen Shou and Zhuge Zhan, which pushed Zhuge Zhan's behavior on Huang Hao's head and accused Zhuge Zhan of not correcting eunuchs and courtiers. Therefore, what was originally a struggle between hawks and anti-war factions turned into a portal conspiracy of Huang Hao and Jiang Wei.
In the fourth year of Shu and Han Dynasties (namely, AD 26 1 year), Zhuge Zhan moved to be the general of protecting Wei in the middle capital; Dong Jue moved to be the assistant general and made peace with Zhuge Zhan. Fan Jian took over as Dong Jue's secretary. This is a period when the strength of Zhuge Zhan faction soared, and the regime was firmly in its own hands. After the failure of "Duangu Battle", Jiang Wei had already restrained the desire of the Northern Expedition (only confronted Wargo and Sima Wang in Guanzhong when Cao Wei had the "Huainan Three Oppositions"). In the fifth year of Jing Yao (that is, AD 262), Jiang Wei launched the "Houhe Battle" and took the initiative to carry out the Northern Expedition against Cao Wei. These two dates are very close, so Bian Xiao thinks that Jiang Wei is threatened by Zhuge Zhan and others, so he needs a victory to accumulate capital for himself.
Unfortunately, the "Battle of Hou He" also ended in failure. Zhuge Zhan and others went to Liu Chan to demand that Jiang Wei be recruited as the secretariat of Yizhou, seize the military power of Jiang Wei and replace him with Yan Yu on the grounds that Jiang Wei was "bellicose and useless, and his family was surrounded by walls". Although Jiang Wei was afraid to go to the Northern Expedition and return to Chengdu under pressure, Liu Chan didn't seem to take the advice of the Zhuge Zhan School or take any measures to suppress Jiang Wei. In fact, the struggle between the two factions has basically come to an end, because in the sixth year of Jing Yao (AD 263), Cao Wei launched a three-way army to destroy Shu Han, and Jiang Wei and Zhuge Zhan, two political opponents with different political views, died in order to defend and restore Shu Han, which is still an embarrassing thing.