Yancheng is named after salt. In the seventh year of Iraq (AD 4 1 1), Emperor Andi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, "more salt profaned Yancheng", that is, the beginning of this name, and because the city was shaped like a gourd ladle, it was called the gourd ladle city. Yancheng has a history of more than 2 100 years and 1600 years.
Before the Zhou Dynasty, this was the land of Huaiyi. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the bird of Lu Hou moved south to select people, and some of them settled here, becoming the early pioneers of Yancheng. Zhou Dynasty, Hai Huai Wei Yangzhou, so it belongs to Yangzhou; In the Spring and Autumn Period, it belonged to Wu, and later to Yue; Chu State in the Warring States Period; Qin belongs to Donghai County; At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, it was the land of Sheyang Hou and Liu Feng.
In the fourth year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (1 19 BC), the Han court set up a separate county in the east of the ancient Sheyang County (now Baoying County) near the Yellow Sea, because there were boiling salt kiosks and salt rivers everywhere at that time, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to the salt-selling county of Linhuai County and Guangling County, which was the beginning of the establishment of Yancheng County. During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Wei, and counties abolished it. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the county system was restored to Hailing County.
Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was renamed Yancheng in seven years, and it has been used ever since. Salt policy yamen salt is the first of five flavors and the source of ancient tax. Sea salt has a long history, and it is said that in ancient times, "Susha cooked sea salt first" (hence the name of Suqian today); Yao once ordered Yu to control water and pay tribute to salt. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the production of sea salt along the coast of Wuyuechu has begun to take shape.
In the Western Han Dynasty, "On the coast of the East China Sea, diarrhea is bitter for a hundred miles." Liu Bi, with Yangzhou as the ruling center, whose jurisdiction extends eastward to the king of Wu at sea, "caused the outlaws in the world to steal money to cook seawater to make salt, so that the country was rich and the people were strong", "This king of Wu was rich and resisted Han".
In the Han Dynasty, the feudal government or aristocratic strongmen bought the means of production and recruited coastal people and exiles to make sea salt. In the late Tang dynasty, prisons were set up in salt-producing areas, and the original salt-making households and vagrants were sent to undertake official salt, which was called pavilion households. After the Five Dynasties, in addition to pavilions, salt makers also had names such as pot households, stove households, pot households, well households, pawn shops and salt households. Since the Song Dynasty, salt households or stove households have gradually become the general name of all kinds of salt households, and the able-bodied men of salt households are called salt dices or stove dices, which are handed over to the halogen grass swing and salt making work, and the salt produced is collected as taxes.
Strict and compulsory management of salt people deprives them of their freedom to directly manage and develop the salt industry at will. They are listed as special household registration "kitchen registration", which stipulates that "only cooking is a career" and are subject to strict personal control. In the Qing dynasty, the salt register was still maintained, and stoves were incorporated into the land after the implementation of the "Tanding into Mu" law.
However, the control of salt people is very strict. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), the "Jiabao Law" was first implemented in the salt areas of Lianghuai, and then the "Compilation Law" was formulated to compile recipes regularly and check the cooking households. When the former site of the salt administration yamen was Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, salt and iron bureaus were set up all over the country and salt and iron official camps were implemented. In today's Yancheng area, "sea salt is spared in the east", "boiling sea is beneficial to prosperity, and the canal transports it".
With the development of agriculture and commerce, it is not only the distribution center of coastal fisheries, but also the center of salt production and salt administration in Huaidong. In order to strengthen the jurisdiction of this area and collect salt tax, the Salt and Iron Bureau was established here, and Du Yan County was established in the fourth year of Yuanshou (1 19 BC). Yandu means salt river.
"Once"? A hundred officials said, "Those who produce more salt in counties and counties have salt officials, and salt blasphemy is named after salt production." By the time of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the salt industry in Du Yan County had flourished, and "salt fields were all over the city". During the reign of Andi Yixi, "salt is more like Yancheng". During the Sui Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty, salt affairs were mostly managed by local governments. Since the implementation of the Salt Law, salt tax has been independent as a monopoly income. In the late Tang Dynasty, Du Zhi and Yantie were in charge of the national salt affairs, and set up local branches such as field, supervision and hospital. Hailing and Yancheng prisons.
At that time, "Yancheng Yanting 123" had an annual output of 1 0.05 million stone (1 stone10.20 kg,1kg is equivalent to 596.82 g today). The salt tax collected by the Tang government in the country is "more than one million a year, which can be used as a gift for more than 100 States". "The blessing of the world, half the salt, palace, pay, official salary, all back. "
Huainan salt tax accounts for about half of the national salt tax and Yancheng salt tax accounts for about half, which shows the importance of Yancheng's economic status, so it is called "Juyi" and "Shangxian" in local chronicles. In the early Song Dynasty, a salt extraction department was set up in the southeast salt area to manage the production and sales of salt industry. Under the division, each jurisdiction saltworks. The construction of the Gong Fan levee has played the role of "water in the bundle does not hurt salt, and the tide does not hurt crops", and the salt industry has further developed. During the reign of Emperor Zhenzong (998- 1025), the annual output of the Second Supervision Bureau of China reached more than1070,000 stones, which was still the highest salt production in Huainan.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the vast salt people lived on the barren land in the coastal wasteland, at the bottom of society, suffering from wind and rain, mowing grass, cooking and burning wasteland. Qingtian Beihu wrote in the book "Talking about Salt" that salt people "live naked, wear straw clothes, and the salt on their legs and elbows has become bacon ... salt merchants regard themselves as dogs and cows". The coastal folk proverb says that the salt people "were born in the sea, basked in the sun, shouldered the burden, endured hardships and never got ahead."
The salt people are "from old to weak, and the strong are everywhere". The history of salt people's resistance to riots is endless, and the largest and most influential is the Zhang Shicheng Uprising which lasted in Jianghuai wuyue for 14 years.
Zhang Shicheng (132 1 year-1367), a nickname (the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty forbade the Han people to take proper names, but only numerical names, such as Zhu Yuanzhang's real name Chongba), was born in Baijuchang, Taizhou (now Dafeng District, Yancheng), the director of Baijuchang, Thailand, and his occupation was a salt carrier. Few thugs, scoundrels, salt dealers, rich people insult them even more, or don't pay their value. Gong Bing Qiu Yi felt embarrassed and humiliated again and again, and was very angry.
In the first month of Gui Si (1353), he was a strong man with his younger brothers Shi Yi, teachers' morality and teachers' letter, and Li Bosheng. They made a blood oath at the First Arctic Temple in jiepai and raised the banner of rebellion. This is what the local people call "Zhang Shicheng Eighteen-Pole Uprising".
Enemy at the Gates, Xinghua, Gaoyou and Dazhou in Zhang Shicheng were destroyed, which cut off the transportation of the Grand Canal in Yuan Ting and smashed the encirclement and suppression of the so-called million-dollar army. Then he crossed the Yangtze River and entered Pingjiang (Suzhou), quickly controlling a large area in the north and south of the Yangtze River, which was "not as rich as the Quartet". Gu Zuyu, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said: "Yuan's death was based on the sincerity of scholars at Pingjiang and exhausted his capital." ?
Under the attack of Zhu Yuanzhang and Yuan Ting, Zhang Shicheng, the tomb of Zhang Shicheng, was knighted and later became the king of Wu. Under the erosion of the landlord class thought of old officials and intellectuals, the Zhang brothers and their generals quickly changed and embarked on the road of corruption. In history, "all started from scratch", "Shicheng brothers were arrogant and extravagant, and neglected political affairs". They were busy building large-scale buildings and building palace buildings, and "invited guests to dance and entertain themselves day and night". Senior generals from Cao Yan and Bai Juyi also "have more troops for entertainment wealth."
In Pingjiang, the resources in the city are exhausted, and a mouse costs several hundred dollars. The mouse was exhausted until it was cooked, and it persisted for 10 months. In the twenty-seventh year of Zheng Zheng (1367), the city was broken in September, and Shicheng ordered his empresses to climb the Yun Qi Tower and set themselves on fire, "three hundred red makeup died on the same day".
He didn't kill himself. After being captured, he "would rather die than be ashamed to return to righteousness, and keep silent about drinking Jianye water" and was escorted to Yingtianfu (Nanjing). He closed his eyes all day, didn't say anything, and didn't eat. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered him to "die with a royal staff of forty" (also known as hanging himself). Zhang Shicheng, who was born in poverty, knew well the sufferings of the salt people, and put forward that "the way of a sage is no different from the daily use of the people", and regarded the people's "hunger for cold clothes" as "Tao".
Social measures such as "saving money", "saving money" and "sharing equally" are also envisaged, and the idea of "sharing equally" is put forward in view of the uneven phenomenon of "uneven kitchen production and large number of unemployed people" in hometown. After the downfall of Zhang Shicheng and the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court gave huge donations to the classes in Suzhou and Hangzhou. Zhang Shicheng was generous and generous, and his taxes were light. The people of Wu missed him very much.
As for all kinds of accusations against him in the Ming book, most of them are not true. Although Zhang's men are greedy, they are not cruel and do not kill people indiscriminately. In addition, Wu is a rich man. Even if officials love money, they are not greedy. Zhu Yuanzhang hated Wu people being used by Zhang Shicheng. Based on the land rent of Shen Wansan, the big landlord, plus taxes, he raised seven buckets and five liters of real grain per mu. Within a few years, Wu's small and medium-sized landlords were wiped out. Bei Qingjiang, a man, recorded: "In the past few years, the great Wu surname ... was poor or overwhelmed, or died or moved, and no one survived."
Suzhou and other places mostly set up shrines for Zhang, and Zhang in Heshan Park is now a cultural relic protection unit in Suzhou. Locals have always missed Zhang Shicheng's past benevolence. Every year on July 30th of the lunar calendar, they go to the temple to burn incense, which is actually called "Keith incense".
Suzhou North Temple Tower has the Zhang Shicheng Jigong Monument, also known as the stone tablet and the portrait of Zhang Jigong, also known as the Hongji stone statue, which was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province on 1957. According to Wu Men Biao Yin, this monument was built by Shen Wansan, a rich man in the south of the Yangtze River at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In modern times, scholars such as Jin Songcen made textual research on the crown dress in the picture, believing that it was carved in the Yuan Dynasty, and that it was carved in 19 years when Zhang Shicheng welcomed the Yuan envoy. ?
During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Yangzhou set up a salt transportation company, which was in charge of Subei 13 saltworks. Salt administration and saltworks were established in Qing dynasty. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Salt Bureau was established in Huaibei, and its former office was located in Yancheng. Due to the high cost of sea salt and the gradual development of mineral salt and well salt, 63 salt reclamation companies in China have successively developed beaches and planted grain and cotton.
During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the salt areas in the anti-Japanese base areas of Central Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu took over the old salt management institutions, expanded production and sales, collected salt taxes, supported the war and consolidated development. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the salt affairs of the two Huai Dynasties were under the jurisdiction of the General Administration of Salt Affairs of the Central Ministry of Finance and became a veritable "East China Silver Warehouse".
Kanto and Xintan salt fields cover more than 200 square kilometers. After the adjustment of ownership and zoning, they are located in Binhai New Area, Jiangsu Province, as the core areas of the National Marine Circular Economy Demonstration Zone and the Haihe River Linkage Development Demonstration Zone.
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