The ancient city of Tingzhou has a history of 1000 years. It used to be the political, military, economic and cultural center of western Fujian. In the long history, Tingzhou has experienced the process from initial creation to prosperity, and gradually developed into a city with distinctive cultural characteristics. Today, Tingzhou City stands in the Wuyi Mountains, showing its charm to the world.
During the Tang Dynasty, Tingzhou was first built, and the ancient city of Tingzhou was originally from Fujian and Vietnam, and was built in the Tang Dynasty.
"In the twenty-fourth year of Kaiyuan, I began to open a blessing, caressing the foothills of Erzhou and setting up Tingzhou." -Geography of Tang Dynasty
After Chen Jian, the secretariat of the Tang Dynasty, took office, Tingzhou was still a bleak scene at this time. The surrounding villages have no food all the year round, and the people who benefit the people often get sick and live in poverty. Seeing this, Chen Jian is ready to rebuild Tingzhou.
The rebuilt Tingzhou City is located in Baishi Village at the southern foot of Wolong Mountain, and the city site is "West of Zhenshan Forest". To the north of Tingzhou, there are Tuwolong Mountain and Tingjiang River in the east, streams flowing around the city in the west, and the Tingjiang River in the south, forming a trend of relying on mountains and rivers.
"A river is separated by three streams, and thousands of obstacles surround the city." The poems of Hsuanchan, the satrap of the Song Dynasty, well describe the geographical features of Tingzhou City.
When Tingzhou City was first built, it was mainly made of earth. There is a record in Tingzhou County Records: "At the beginning of moving to the county, the terrain was like a bucket."
The layout of Tingzhou City in the Tang Dynasty can also be well explored in the Map of Counties and Cities in the Song Dynasty: a street that runs across the east and west divides the city into two parts, with high terrain in the north, and the main buildings such as Lanzhou House and Kaiyuan Temple are concentrated.
South of the city is an open plain, which is the residence of the county government and residents. In fact, it is also part of the planning of Tingzhou City. In the Ming Dynasty, Tingzhou City had measures to expand the city. At this time, the two were integrated into one.
The planning and layout of Tingzhou City fully embodies the wisdom of ancient people. This layout of low in the south and high in the north, on the one hand, can facilitate political rule, on the other hand, it can also carry out military defense well, and there are also many feng shui ideas.
Tingzhou City is located in a higher place in the north, with the back connected to the top of Wolong Mountain and facing the treasure Mount Everest. These three points are connected in a line to form an arched landscape. Since then, no matter what planning and transformation Tingzhou has made, the State Council's position has never changed.
The defense measures of the newly-built Tingzhou City are relatively simple, and there are no moats and sub-cities. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the sub-city was built that the watchtower of Los Angeles began to be created. Now in front of the ancient camphor tree in Zhongshan Park, it is the ruins of the vice city in the Tang Dynasty.
The economic base determines the superstructure. The prosperous economy in Song Dynasty promoted many industries, and Tingzhou developed by leaps and bounds. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, due to a series of wars, a large number of people moved south. At this time, the national economic center also began to move south. After the reunification of the Song Dynasty, many measures such as building water conservancy and reclaiming wasteland were taken, which greatly promoted the development of agriculture.
At this time, the division of labor in handicraft industry gradually became fine, and science and technology and some production tools made great progress, which promoted the prosperity of bad cities.
During the Song Dynasty, Tingzhou City was greatly transformed and measures were taken to expand the city.
The city wall "has 254 steps on Friday, the bottom is three feet wide, the surface is three feet wide and the height is eight feet." -"Tingzhou County Records"
In addition to expanding the scope, the defense system of Tingzhou City has also been greatly strengthened.
In terms of layout, Tingzhou City at this time mainly followed the layout of the previous dynasty and was still divided into north and south sections. There are seven main roads in the city, which divide the whole city into several areas.
In terms of urban water system, Tingjiang River is in the east of the city and moat is in the southwest of the city, which constitutes a traffic and defense system surrounded by water on three sides, and these rivers are also the main water sources for urban residents.
In addition, there are 9 large wells in Tingzhou City, which are also distributed near the city. This planning and layout shows that this area is a population gathering place. Because it is surrounded by water on three sides, five bridges have been built in the center of the city to facilitate the traffic in the city. Some bridges also have two-story buildings for people to shelter from the wind and rain, and some vendors can also buy and sell here.
During the Song Dynasty, the population of Tingzhou was very dense. Although the city has taken corresponding expansion measures, it still cannot accommodate a large number of residents, resulting in a crowded scene in the city. Many residents have no choice but to move outside the city.
Zhou Mao only has five miles of land, and most of the market residents are outside the customs, so there are only three squares in the city, while there are more than 20 outside the city. "-"Lin Tingzhi "
There are 24 kinds of Fang surnames recorded, of which 2 1 species are distributed near the county seat, about five miles away, indicating that the urban management of Tingzhou in Song Dynasty is not closed management in Tang Dynasty.
Tingzhou enjoys a superior geographical position and unique advantages. In the Song Dynasty, people could make full use of the water conservancy and transportation in Tingzhou City. With the increase of agricultural and sideline products, Tingzhou's business has gradually developed. At that time, some "cities" in Tingzhou were often open day and night, showing a scene of prosperity and bright lights.
The development of business represents the development of economy, which indirectly promotes the development of culture and religion. In Song Dynasty, Tingzhou began to establish Zhou Xue, which is the highest institution in the state, and later established Changting County School. The Confucian Temple that still exists today is the place where Songzhou School is located, and its architectural style has a very high artistic level. For the Song society at that time, this kind of building was really rare.