In the second year of the Empress (Shen Bing, 7705 BC), the * * * Gong family refused to take orders from Nu Wa and wanted to stand on its own feet as emperor. Nu Wa was angry and ordered Zhu Rong to lead the southern tribes to the Northern Expedition. This is the earliest large-scale group war in the ancient history of China. The end of the war between the two sides was that Gong failed, led his troops to flee to the west, and attacked the holy land (now Yuzhong County, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province) in a rage. * * Gong led his troops to attack the top of the mountain, cut down the wood, broke the eight-rope rule, set the watch in the southeast, broke the watch rope, and lost eight dimensions, which symbolized that the worship center of kingship was seriously damaged. Nu Wa also ordered Lian clan and Zhurong clan to jointly attack Gong clan and drive Gong clan to the north of Qilian Mountain. Due to the destruction of the Tianqi table tree, astronomical observation and weather change prediction can not be carried out normally; As a result, the flood came this summer, people were swallowed up by the sudden flood without consciousness, and many ethnic groups were buried by the flood. At that time, Nu Wa and others lived in the highlands and survived. She immediately organized people to cut down trees, tied a simple raft, and went into the water to meet the trapped people. They fought for three days and nights and rescued hundreds of young men and women. These rescued young people kowtowed to her and called her the virgin. The history of Nu Wa leading the people to fight floods was later widely circulated among the people, and was gradually deified and interpreted into fairy tales. /view/59793.htm

Although some prehistoric events exist in the form of folklore or myth, they are based on facts. The underwater archaeological exploration in the Black Sea found that the "century flood" recorded in the Bible was based on facts. Although there is no accurate written record of "Dayu controlling water", it is generally believed that the fact of this myth is to control ancient floods. So is there such a factual basis for the myth of "Goddess mending the sky", which is older than Dayu's flood control? Recently, Wang Ruobai, a researcher at the First Monitoring Center of China Seismological Bureau, suggested that the myth of goddess mending the sky might actually be a disaster in ancient meteorite shower. What is the basis of this statement? The reporter interviewed researcher Wang Ruobai on this matter. It is found that the special landform of Baiyangdian Basin was left by a huge meteorite shower impact in the middle and late Holocene. Wang Ruobai told reporters that in recent years, when they studied the historical landforms of Baiyangdian River Basin, they found that there were a large number of special landforms from Renqiu and Hejian to Baoding and Wang Du, extending to the northwest and reaching Wanxian and Mancheng. How did this dish-shaped depression form? They used linear topographic maps and aerial photographs published nearly a hundred years ago, and used computer digital technology (DTM) to peel off the modern landform and artificial landform layer by layer, leaving only the original natural landscape. By comparing the restoration map of the depression with other meteorite impact craters with similar formation ages at home and abroad, it is found that the dished depression and its group in Baiyangdian area are the remains left on the modern alluvial plain after the huge meteorite shower impact in prehistoric times. Based on the study of modern meteorite impact by geological and geomorphological methods, they speculated that the impact occurred in a very wide area, from northern Shanxi to central Hebei, and may even extend to the vicinity of Bohai Bay. It happened at some time in prehistoric times, most likely 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. It is speculated that the scene at that time was a small comet entering the earth orbit, rushing into the atmosphere over the northern part of Shanxi and exploding at high altitude. In a very short time, it fell into the vast area from northern Shanxi to central Hebei, forming a large-scale meteorite shower. A large number of impact craters have been formed in the plain area. After the erosion of surface running water and the transformation of ancestors, a number of large impact craters finally formed Baiyangdian Lake. Other smaller waterlogged depressions have gradually become the main residential areas in this area. Some of these depressions have been eroded by surface water, but a large number of impact craters still exist-"dished depressions" still remain on the highlands between river beds. Analyzing the legend of the goddess mending the sky is very similar to a large-scale collision of alien objects (meteorite shower). Wang Ruobai told reporters that the earliest records of the goddess mending the sky were Huai Nan Zi and Ming Lan Xun. The myth of the goddess mending the sky in these two works is discussed in this way. In ancient times, there were "four poles abandoned, Kyushu split, the sky did not cover, and the ground was not smooth; The fire does not go out, and the water is inexhaustible. " In other words, the sky is falling, fires are burning, floods are flooding, birds are committing crimes, and animals are rampant. Just as people were wailing and ghosts were everywhere, a goddess named Nu Wa stepped forward. She "refined five-color stones to make up the sky, broken the aojiang enough to set up four poles, killed the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulated reed ash to stop lewd water." So as to overcome this major natural disaster. The wonderful description in this paper should be the whole process of a large-scale meteorite shower impact. "Four poles are abandoned, Kyushu is split, the sky is not covered, and the earth is not surplus" is a large-scale meteorite shower formed after the explosion of small celestial bodies. "The fire never dies" is a huge impact, explosion and subsequent ground fire; If the small celestial body is a comet, its composition is mainly meteorite ice. After the meteorite ice melts, a large amount of surface water will be formed, resulting in "inexhaustible water". "Kill the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulate reed ash to stop dirty water. Tian Bu, the four poles are positive, the lewd water is solid, Jizhou is flat, locusts die, and people's livelihood is ruined. " Myth was compiled according to ancient legends in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Jizhou should of course be the area of ancient Hebei Province, which means that this paragraph describes the scene after the disaster in Hebei Plain subsided. The geographical distribution of the remains of the goddess of heaven is located in the south and west of the impact zone proposed by researcher Wang Ruobai. The impact of alien objects may cause great damage, the most important of which is the impact on ancient climate. Researcher Wang Ruobai said that Quaternary geologists studied the law of Holocene climate change and found many important cooling events. The Holocene Great Warm Period about 8500-3000 years ago was an important stage of the development of ancient human civilization in Neolithic Age, but it was also a period of severe climate fluctuation. Among them, a cooling event more than 4000 years ago, known as the "Little Ice Age", had a great impact. This time is also the most important moment for the development of Central Plains civilization, and many scholars attach great importance to this issue. Academician Liu Dongsheng, a famous geologist, and others used the high-resolution analysis method of environmental evolution (time scale 10- 100) to study Holocene paleoenvironment and other issues, and proposed that there was a cooling event 4800-4200 years ago, and the result of the event led to the changes of ancient culture. It is believed that Hongshan Culture, which flourished in Mongolia, Liaoning and Hebei, suddenly declined, and the development of Xiaoheyan culture fell into a trough, which may be related to this incident. Wang Ruobai told reporters that in recent years, there has been clear evidence in archaeology, and the mythical relics of the goddess Nu Wa and the goddess of mending heaven mainly exist in Shanxi and Hebei. The geographical distribution of these relics is just near the south and west of the impact zone he proposed, and this impact corresponds to the research results of paleoclimatologists-the cooling events from 4800 to 4200 years ago were triggered by the impact of meteorite shower. The reasonable explanation for why Baiyangdian area left a blank area of ancient culture in the late Neolithic period is that there was a huge disaster here. Wang Ruobai told reporters that his research not only coincides with the Holocene cooling event proposed by paleoenvironmental experts, but also coincides with the vacancy area of ancient culture in Hebei Plain proposed by historical geographers. The influence of natural environment on early human development is extremely important. The boundaries of various cultural areas are often the boundaries of natural geographical environment. However, when they studied this problem, they found that the central part of Hebei plain, namely Baiyangdian area, was neither a mountain range nor a desert, but should be a lake pond and depression area that was very suitable for the survival and reproduction of ancient humans, but left a vacancy area for ancient culture in the late Neolithic period. Archaeological research shows that the late Neolithic culture equivalent to Yangshao culture era is very rare, and the remains of Longshan culture in the later period are almost blank. In fact, the book "Physical Geography of China" (Historical Physical Geography) has long pointed out that "whether in the Neolithic Age, the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, or even the Spring and Autumn Period, there was an extremely vast area without settlements in the middle of the (Hebei) plain". Mr. Tan Qixiang, a famous historical geographer, also pointed out that "Hebei Plain is a barren and uninhabited scene". In fact, the study of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties of Chinese civilization also confirms this point. According to the historical documents Chunqiu and Zuozhuan, the vacant areas of ancient culture delineated by the situation maps of various vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period completely coincide with the affected areas drawn by the above historical landform methods. This is obviously not accidental. This area is mainly Baiyangdian river basin and its areas extending to the northwest and southeast. It shows that the economic and cultural development in this area is much later than that in the surrounding areas, and the more reasonable explanation is that the geographical environment has deteriorated due to huge disasters. It is more likely to be the psychological trauma of ancestors and the taboos caused by it. The disaster was a meteorite shower collision. After the huge impact disaster, a large number of people died and moved out, interrupting the vigorous development of local ancient culture. A few years after the disaster, a new ancient culture gradually formed. This disaster has experienced legends from generation to generation, and a beautiful myth-"Goddess of mending the sky" was born. Wang Ruobai, researcher of the First Monitoring Center of Seismological Bureau of China. Mainly engaged in earthquake geology, crustal deformation and geological disasters.