In the Zhou Dynasty, the influence of local officials was greater than that of the central government. Abolish the feudal system, adopt the proposal put forward by the prime minister, and promote the county system throughout the country.
system?of?prefectures?and?counties
After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the Qin Dynasty, in order to avoid the recurrence of the Zhou Dynasty, local officials were superior to the central government, the feudal system was abolished, and the suggestion put forward by Prime Minister Li Si was adopted to promote the county system throughout the country.
For some reasons, various historical records have different opinions on the number of counties established in Qin Dynasty. According to his book Historical Records, in the 26th year of Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang divided the whole country into 36 counties and established more than 1 000 counties, in addition to setting up a literature and history in the area near the capital. However, according to the records of the county system in the Han Dynasty, there were 58 counties in the Qin Dynasty except the internal history. In modern times, many historians have investigated how many counties were set up in the Qin Dynasty. They all hold different opinions.
The establishment of the county system ensured the formation of the unified empire of the Qin Dynasty. Because the county system is progressive, the division of labor at all levels is clear. The county magistrate is appointed by the central government, and there is no direct blood relationship between the county magistrate and the county magistrate, so the governance process is relatively open and fair. But this also leads to weak local power, but the central power is highly centralized and the rulers have absolute power. On the one hand, centralization is conducive to the management of the country, the implementation of laws and regulations and the unity of culture. For example, Qin Shihuang unified the national currency and weights and measures, which laid the foundation for the economic and trade exchanges of the Qin Dynasty; Taking seal script as a national language is conducive to the popularization of culture and the unity of people's thoughts. On the other hand, centralization led to a high concentration of emperor's rights, and the emperor acted according to his own will without scruple, which was not conducive to the development of the dynasty.
What is the difference between the county system and the enfeoffment system?
Feudal system, that is, the country established a nation, prevailed in slave society, mainly in the Zhou Dynasty and the early Western Han Dynasty. It is based on patriarchal clan system and linked by blood relationship. The county system is based on national unity, divided by regions, and has no blood relationship with each other, which prevails in feudal society.
sysytem?of?enfeoffment
Under the feudal system, the supreme ruler distributed the land to relatives or courtiers who made great contributions to the country. Every fief is a vassal state, that is, the land of the country does not completely belong to the royal family. The absolute position of vassals in their fiefs, the throne of vassals can be hereditary, and they can have their own army. The only emperor of a vassal cannot interfere in the internal affairs of a vassal at will. Under the county system, there is only one country, and the supreme ruler is called the emperor, which is highly centralized. Central and local officials are appointed and dispatched by the emperor, and their official positions are not hereditary. Officials have no land. You can't form a local army without permission, and you must be responsible for everything to the emperor. Under the feudal system, princes should pay tribute to the royal family regularly and report to the emperor on pilgrimage; Under the county system, it is the emperor who pays officials, and officials don't have to pay tribute to the country.
Due to the feudal system, many vassal States appeared. In the early days of the dynasty, the close relationship between the emperor and his brothers and heroes would be beneficial to the development of the dynasty. However, with the passage of time, the relationship between the emperor and the emperor is gradually unfamiliar, and it will develop into a vassal state with more power than the royal family, resulting in local separatist forces. As county officials are directly appointed by the emperor and have no real power, it is conducive to strengthening centralization and national unity.
What kind of system does the ancient county system refer to?
County system refers to local advertisements.
The county system originated in the Spring and Autumn Period, was formally put forward in the Warring States Period, and was officially implemented in the whole country during the Qin Shihuang period. The main characteristics of the county system are absolute monarchy and centralization. The supreme ruler is the emperor, as well as Qiu, the prime minister and the censor. They are all officials of the central government. They are mainly responsible to the emperor. Local governments are subordinate to the central government. Local governments are mainly composed of counties, which are responsible to the county and the county is responsible to the central government. However, officials of the central government, such as Prime Minister Chou He Shi Yu, and officials of local governments, such as the magistrate and county magistrate, were directly appointed by the emperor.
County refers to the highest level local administrative organization under the management of the central government. Below the county level, the county magistrate is in charge of administrative affairs, the county commandant is in charge of barracks affairs, and the censor is in charge of supervision affairs. The managers of counties are called county governors, and their official positions are similar to those of current governors. County refers to the lower administrative organization of the county. The county magistrate is called the magistrate of a county, and his official position is equivalent to the current county magistrate. The duty of a county magistrate is to mediate people's disputes, handle economic, legal and military affairs in the areas under his jurisdiction, and convey the orders of superiors to the people. There is a distinct hierarchy among counties, central authorities and emperors, which is a progressive structure. Except in special circumstances, it is not allowed to report to a higher-level official other than the superior.