195 1 At the beginning of this year, the Museum of Chinese Revolution, according to the instructions of the Propaganda Department and the Ministry of Culture of the Communist Party of China, began to prepare for the 30th anniversary painting exhibition, which was organized and implemented by Cai Ruohong, Jiang Feng and Wang Chaowen, leaders of the China Artists Association and the Central Academy of Fine Arts. The participating artists are dozens of famous painters from Beijing and East China. In a few months, these powerful painters produced nearly 100 paintings for the exhibition.
This is a great event in the art history of New China. The fine works of various governors in the painting world not only aroused people's resonance in this exhibition, but also many works were collected by the Museum of Chinese Revolution, and even some works later won a place in the art history of China. For example, tunnel warfare, Chairman Mao's rectification in Yan 'an, robbing the Shanghai Bridge and so on.
Later, in the summary, everyone agreed that there were many good works, but the atmosphere reflecting the founding of the Republic was not enough.
No one could have predicted at that time, and this conclusion laid the foundation for the birth of the historical masterpiece founding ceremony.
Li Rencai, a researcher at the Museum of Chinese Revolution, said to the author: "As a national museum, there is no painting about the history of the Party that shows that the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) is obviously inappropriate. At that time, the exhibition hall of the Revolutionary Museum really needed such good works. "
1952, the Museum of Chinese Revolution decided to entrust the Central Academy of Fine Arts to organize and complete a huge oil painting: founding ceremony.
Walking into the art hall of China's art history, people can easily find that from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the unification of Qin State, from the establishment of the Tang Dynasty to the entry of the Qing army-the beginning of every dynasty in China's history, there is no historical painting about founding ceremony that has been handed down to this day, but what a boldness of vision it is to create a huge oil painting of the new China founding ceremony!
The Central Academy of Fine Arts handed this arduous task to Dong, a 37-year-old young painter and famous professor.
He painted many portraits of leaders and heroes, and participated in founding ceremony, where he wrote "deserved".
It should be said that this is a fair choice and a historical choice.
Dong has long been famous in the art world, and his works have been praised by famous painters such as Xu Beihong and Ai Zhongxin for many times.
Dong was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. After graduating from Hangzhou Art College, he went to Hunan and Hanoi, Vietnam for further study, and then went to southwest, west and northwest to study and create. He used to copy murals in Dunhuang for three years. His sketching and oil painting skills are well-known among his peers.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/949, when Beiping was liberated, Dong created a gouache painting "Beiping Entering the City".
Although it is not clear whether the success of Peking Into the City is related to Dong's creation of founding ceremony, Dong's skill in revolutionary theme creation and figure painting is indeed well-known in the industry.
At that time, Dong consulted painters such as Xu Beihong, Ai Zhongxin, Jiang Feng, Wu Zuoren and Luo.
It is worth mentioning that from the sketch, we can see that Dong has two creative breakthroughs. The first picture is a sketch. Except for Chairman Mao standing sideways near the middle position, other people are standing in the left third of the picture, while the square crowd is on the right. Therefore, according to the general composition rules, the layout of the left and right gaps seems to be unbalanced. The other is that according to the normal visual law, there should be a red column at Tiananmen Gate on the right front side of Chairman Mao.
Colleagues in the art world are surprised and appreciated by Dong's bold composition idea, and think that the first breakthrough has increased the contrast effect between * * * and people in the square, with one reality and one emptiness, one near and one far, one less and one more, which can better highlight the festive atmosphere. The second breakthrough is considered to be extremely bold. If this pillar is removed, the square will be more open. On the contrary, if this column is drawn, it will be more complicated.
In order to stabilize the overall situation, several architects were invited, and everyone understood and agreed with him. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect, commented: "There is a pillar on the right side of the picture that has not been drawn ... This is a big mistake in architecture, but it is a great success in painting art."
Soon, Dong devoted himself to the real painting creation of founding ceremony.
Two months later, the groundbreaking ceremony for the huge oil painting ended.
"founding ceremony" caused a great response and set off the artistic trend of thought of "China style oil painting"
Founding ceremony was collected in the exhibition hall of Chinese Revolution Museum after its completion.
The painter Ai Zhongxin once made the following analysis: "From composition to color setting, from characters to scenes, its style is enough to reflect the demeanor of a big country. Dong handles less than half the width of the left side of the main character, which is not only a bold technique, but also important, he understands the overall situation of composition ... The color of founding ceremony is easy to understand and seemingly simple, but the red, blue and gold (tassels and chrysanthemums) are deliberately arranged. It depicts a solemn and warm scene on a sunny day ... "
After seeing this oil painting, some famous painters all thought it was a rare painting. After this painting was exhibited in the Museum of Chinese Revolution, it caused great repercussions in the art world and society.
After watching founding ceremony, Xu Beihong was very excited and gave a high evaluation. He said: "Dong's successful completion of the task deserves a hundred points." But at the same time, he also made the second half evaluation with the traditional standards of western oil painting: "Because of the lack of oil painting characteristics, five points will be deducted."
The "lack of a little oil painting feature" here means that this painting uses the techniques and styles of China traditional painting to a great extent. But this is exactly what many painters think of founding ceremony's success. If traditional oil paintings were created with lights and colors, this painting would not have such a warm atmosphere.
Ai Zhongxin said: "founding ceremony's main achievement in oil painting art is to create a new style of China oil painting that people love to see. This is a new type of oil painting, which successfully inherits the style of decorative murals in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and embodies the characteristics of national painting, making oil painting develop in the direction of nationalization. "
At this point, the painting world has set off the "China oil painting style" that Dong has always advocated. Founding ceremony has undoubtedly become a model of this theory, and this trend of thought has been influenced to this day. ...
1953 People's Daily published the oil painting "founding ceremony" in an important position on the front page. Also in this year, People's Fine Arts Publishing House printed founding ceremony as an adult painting and distributed it nationwide, with the circulation reaching its peak.