The Battle of Hanzhong was a battle between Liu Bei and Cao Cao for Hanzhong during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty. This war was initiated by Liu Bei in the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17) and ended in May in the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19). The war lasted nearly two years.
The land of Hanzhong was undoubtedly a battleground for military strategists in the late Han and Three Kingdoms periods. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Lu became a vassal of Hanzhong, which once made Yizhou shepherd Liu Zhang helpless, so he invited Liu Bei to help him. As a result, he did not expect to lead the wolf into the room, but let Liu Bei seize the land of Yizhou. Liu Bei seized the land of Yizhou, and Cao Cao immediately pacified Hanzhong, prompting Zhang Lu to defect. On this basis, the land of Hanzhong occupied by Cao Cao naturally attracted Liu Bei's attention.
To this end, Liu Bei and Cao Cao waged a war around Hanzhong for several years. It was also the first battle of Hanzhong during the Three Kingdoms period, which is well known. However, the second battle of Hanzhong was ignored by many friends who like the history of the Three Kingdoms. In the middle of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Shuang, the general of Cao Wei, led an army of more than 65,438+10,000 troops to storm Hanzhong. Although this battle is rarely mentioned, its influence and significance cannot be underestimated.
The Battle of Hanzhong was a battle between Liu Bei and Cao Cao for Hanzhong during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty. This war was initiated by Liu Bei in the 22nd year of Jian 'an (2 17) and ended in May in the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19). The war lasted nearly two years. In terms of time, the duration of the Battle of Hanzhong obviously exceeded the three major battles in the Three Kingdoms period, namely, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Battle of Red Cliffs and the Battle of Yiling. Therefore, the first battle of Hanzhong can be compared with the three major battles in the Three Kingdoms period to some extent.
In the first battle of Hanzhong, the commanders of the warring sides were Liu Bei and Cao Cao respectively. On the one hand, Liu Beifang's generals in the war mainly include Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Zhao Yun, Huang Zhong, Fa Zheng and Huang Quan. That is, among the five generals of Shu and Han, all the other four generals appeared except Guan Yu, who was guarding Jingzhou. On the other hand, Cao Cao's generals are mainly Xia, Cao Xiu, Cao Zhen, Cao Hong, Zhang He, Huang Xu and Guo Huai. Among the Five Xia of Cao Wei, Zhang He and Huang Xu also participated in the Battle of Hanzhong. Based on this, in the first Hanzhong War, Shu Han and Cao Wei were both famous warriors, which is also an important reason for their fame.
The final result was that Liu Bei occupied Hanzhong in this battle, and his territory expanded, thus becoming king. Of course, it should be noted that although Cao Cao was defeated by Liu Bei, a large number of Hanzhong people were moved out before Cao Cao retreated, which made Liu Bei's Hanzhong more inclined to an empty city. In other words, although Cao Wei was defeated in the result, the goods actually received by Shu Han were not as much as expected.
Compared with the first battle of Hanzhong, the second battle of Hanzhong was often ignored because there were not so many famous soldiers gathered. The Second Battle of Hanzhong, also known as the Battle of Prosperity, refers to a battle in which the Shu and Han armies repelled Wei Jun's attack in Prosperity (now north of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province) in the fifth year of Wei Zhengshi in the Three Kingdoms period (244). Judging from the results, in the second battle of Hanzhong, Shu Han defeated Cao Wei. Moreover, the second battle of Hanzhong played an important role in the court structure of Cao Wei to a certain extent, and even laid the groundwork for Sima Yi to successfully launch the change of Gaopingling.
In the third year of Emperor Jingdi (239), Cao Cao of Wei Mingdi died, and Sima Yi and Cao Shuang were appointed ministers and entrusted to orphans. Although Cao Shuang is the son of Ye, he has no achievements. Therefore, in order to establish prestige, Cao Shuang, the general of Cao Wei, launched a war against Shu Han and Hanzhong in 244 AD. In this war, Cao Shuang and Xia Houxuan commanded 654.38+10,000 troops to attack Hanzhong from Luogukou (present-day Zhouzhi, Shaanxi). At that time, Zhuge Liang and Wei Yan both died 10, and the generals guarding Hanzhong were Wang Ping trained and promoted by Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. Although Wang Ping had less than 30,000 soldiers and horses in his hands, he denied the hint that he would stick to aid Korea. Instead, Liu Min and other guards were sent to lead the troops against the enemy according to the situation, and many flags were erected, stretching for hundreds of miles. They led the army behind the house and prevented Wei Jun from attacking from Jingu (east of the situation).
As the third governor of Hanzhong in Shu Han Dynasty, Wang Ping accepted the proposition of Wei Yan, the first governor of Hanzhong, that is, to keep the enemy at the door. Results Wang Ping successfully blocked Cao Shuang's 654.38+ 10,000-strong army in Xingshi, Hanzhong (now the north of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province) by virtue of its geographical advantages. At the same time, Fei Yi led reinforcements to occupy Sanling, cutting off Cao Shuang's way home. Cao Shuang was attacked by Wang Ping and Fei Yi and suffered heavy casualties. He fled back to Guanzhong. This war is a typical example of winning by attack and defense in ancient times.
Finally, because of the defeat in the second battle of Hanzhong, Cao Shuang and Xia Houxuan complained bitterly among Cao Wei soldiers, that is, their prestige fell to the bottom. Accordingly, although Sima Yi did not take any advantage in the battle with Zhuge Liang, Sima Yi did not give Zhuge Liang much chance to succeed. After such a comparison, the soldiers on the Western Front of Cao Wei were obviously more supportive of Sima Yi than Cao Shuang and Xia Houxuan.
Therefore, when Sima Yi launched the change of Gao Pingling, Cao Shuang and Xia Houxuan did not dare to call all the military forces to crusade against Sima Yi, and finally gave up their resistance. To some extent, without the fiasco of the second Hanzhong War, Sima Yi obviously did not dare to launch the change of Gao Pingling easily. From this point of view, the Second Battle of Hanzhong not only established Wang Ping's position as the military commander-in-chief in Shu Han, but also laid the groundwork for the fall of Cao Shuang, which had an important impact on the historical trend of Cao Wei and even the whole Three Kingdoms.