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An 800-word composition on the history of basketball
189 1 65438+The YMCA International Training School (later Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, was invented by the school's physical education teacher Dr. james naismith. At that time, the basketball rules were only 13, and Dr. naismith died on 1939 at the age of 78. He didn't expect that the basketball game created by him actually spread in more than 200 countries, and American basketball is still famous all over the world. To commemorate Dr. naismith's achievement in inventing basketball, the james naismith Memorial Hall of Fame of American Basketball was built in the campus of Springfield College.

At first, naismith nailed two peach baskets to the railing of the stand in the key room. The upper edge of the peach baskets was 3.04 meters from the ground, and they were thrown with football as a game tool. Throw the ball into the basket and score 1 point, and decide the outcome according to the score. Every time you throw the ball into the basket, climb the ladder, take it out and start the game again. In the future, the bamboo basket will be gradually changed into an iron basket with a movable bottom, and then a net will be hung under the iron ring.

By 1893, nearly modern rebounds, hoops and nets have been formed. In the initial basketball game, there were no strict restrictions on the number of people, the size of the venue and the time of the game. As long as the number of participants is equal. At the beginning of the game, the players of both sides stood outside the two end lines, and the referee blew the whistle and threw the ball into the center of the court. The two sides ran to the court to grab the ball and started the game. The bearer can run to the basket with the ball, and the first person who reaches the predetermined score wins. 1892, naismith formulated 13 rules of the game. The main rules are: don't run with the ball, don't make rough moves, don't hit the ball with a fist, or you will be sentenced to three consecutive fouls and fined 1 minute; The competition time is the first half 15 minutes; The size of the venue is also stipulated. The number of players in the game is gradually reduced to 10, with 9 or 7 players per team. 1893 is set to 5 players per team. 1904 The 3rd Olympic Games, the basketball exhibition match was held for the first time 1. 1908, the United States formulated a unified national basketball rule, which was published in different languages and distributed all over the world. In this way, basketball has gradually spread all over America, Europe and Asia, becoming a worldwide sport. 1936 1 1 The Olympic Games listed men's basketball as an official event, which unified the rules of the world basketball competition. Since then, during the period of 1948, the rule has been revised several times. The important change related to the current rules is that after scoring, the jump ball in the middle circle is changed to the end line of the losing team in the backcourt. The attacker must push the ball to the frontcourt within 10 second; After the ball enters the frontcourt, it is not allowed to return to the backcourt; Offenders are not allowed to stay in the "forbidden zone" for 3 seconds; When the shooter was violated, 1 made a free throw, and 2 missed. In the basketball competitions of the 1952 Olympic Games, the 15 Olympic Games and the 16 Olympic Games, the International Amateur Basketball Federation twice expanded the "forbidden area" (also known as the "three zones") in the basketball field. It is also stipulated that a team must shoot within 30 seconds after controlling the ball. In the early 1960s, the regulations on 10 seconds and the return of the ball to the backcourt were once suspended, because the touchline midpoint was cancelled after the 1960 17 Olympic Games. 1964 After the Olympic Games, the midfield line will be restored and these regulations will continue to be implemented. 1977, it is added that after each team 10 fouls, two penalties are made for defensive fouls, one for shooting prevention 1 foul, and one for missing penalty 1. After 198 1, 10 fouls, the penalty was reduced to 8 times. Obviously, the change of personnel and the development of skills and tactics have caused the change of rules, and the change of rules has promoted the further development and change of personnel, skills and tactics. Especially since the late 1950s, the changes of rules have constantly put forward new and higher requirements for the offensive and defensive speed of basketball matches, athletes' body, skills, tactics, will and style, and promoted the rapid improvement of basketball technical level. The women's basketball was listed as an official event only in197621Olympic Games.