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1 1 century BC, the Shang Dynasty was destroyed, and it was established as Yan, which was called Beiyan in history. Yanqing at that time was a multi-ethnic mixed area under the rule of Beiyan. 1975, the hoarded bronzes in the late Western Zhou Dynasty or early Spring and Autumn Period were discovered in Xibozi. In a bronze kettle, there are 53 utensils, including kettle, tripod, spoon and earrings for daily use; Tools and weapons include knives, hunting hooks, cones, chisels, knives and small bronze cannons. These artifacts are similar to contemporary artifacts unearthed in Northeast China and have obvious nomadic characteristics. ! u([YnfF "
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From 77 1 year to 476 BC, it was the Spring and Autumn Period in the history of China. During the four or five hundred years from the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, Shanrong people lived in Yanqing, an ancient nation in the history of China from 3000 to 2500 years ago. They live on animal husbandry and hunting, migrate by aquatic plants, have no battlements and do not settle in one place for a long time. Everyone practices riding and fighting, and regards fighting and robbery as heroic acts. They lived on the border between Yan and Qi, and often marched into the border areas of Yan and Qi to plunder, which became the border trouble of these two countries for generations. In the past, people knew little about the Shanrong people except some records in the history books. In the 1980s, more than ten ancient tombs of the Shanrong nationality were discovered in old counties, Jinjiabao, Yongning, Gucheng, Qingquanpu and Kangzhuang, which gradually unveiled the mystery of this ancient nation. 1985- 1987 The Shanrong Cultural Relics Archaeological Team of Beijing Institute of Cultural Relics conducted a scientific excavation in Hulugou and Huangyu Temple in the ancient city. The excavation area is 1.9 million square meters, and more than 400 tombs have been excavated. More than 8,000 cultural relics with unique cultural characteristics, such as gold, copper, pottery, jade, stone, bone and mussel, have been unearthed. A large high-ranking tomb belonging to tribal leaders was found in the cemetery of Huang Yu Temple. Judging from the combination of burial system and funerary objects, all tombs are buried in a rectangular vertical pit, and sacrifices are also common. Most of them are martyrs of dogs, sheep, cows and horses, and those with high status enjoy wooden coffins. In decoration, men, women and children wear necklaces and spiral copper earrings, some wear bronze ornaments with animal patterns around their necks, and the leaders wear gold earrings and gold medals. Most of the victims had linen quilts and copper buttons. According to ethnographic records, this resurgent habit is intended to cover up the souls of the dead, let the dead rest in peace and stop disturbing the living. All the male victims wore bronze daggers like straight daggers, and the higher-ranking people were equipped with bronze harnesses. Most women wear copper cones and needles. A number of large bronze containers have also been unearthed in the large tombs of Huang Yu Temple Cemetery, among which the bronze cauldron covered with smoke and dirt is the earliest copper chafing dish discovered in China so far, which has the most characteristics of northern nomads. The combination of these burial systems and funerary objects shows the characteristics of a minority nationality with nomadic as its inherent custom. According to the determination, the relative age of the two cemeteries includes about the whole Spring and Autumn Period and three or four hundred years in the early Warring States Period. According to Records of the Historian, in the twenty-third year (663 BC), Shan Rong invaded the State of Yan, and the State of Yan asked Qi for help. Qi Huangong reached Shanrong in the north, crossed solitary bamboo in the west (now Zunhua County, Hebei Province), tied a horse and hung a car, and went to the west pole of Dengtai Mountain. It dealt a devastating blow to the Shanrong people. In Guichuan, the story of Qi Huangong's conquest of Shanrong was left behind. According to the Water Classic Notes, the Huan Gong Spring in the east of Ju Yang (now Dagucheng Village, Huailai County) was left by Qi Huangong when he cut down the mountain. After this blow, the Shanrong people gradually declined. After the Spring and Autumn Period, due to the appearance of iron civilization in Yanqi and other countries, Shanrong people who practiced bronze ware were dwarfed. In the late Warring States period, Shanrong people disappeared from this area. Jia c#,
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From the excavation of Shanrong Tomb, it can be seen that during the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yanqing was a region with mixed nationalities and cultures. Here is rich in water resources and dense vegetation, which is an ideal place for grazing and hunting. No agricultural tools and instruments were found in the tombs, indicating that there was no agricultural production in this area at that time. People of all ethnic groups have lived here for a long time, which has promoted the pace of national integration. . 1@ir=L
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In 475 BC, Chinese history entered the Warring States period, and seven countries coexisted. By 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang was unified, which lasted for 255 years. Yanqing belonged to Yan State in this period. Yan is a weak country. It is adjacent to Qi in the east, Zhao in the south and west, and Rong Di in the north. In addition to the remnants of the Shanrong nationality, the Donghu nationality and the Xiongnu nationality also roamed here. At the end of the 4th century BC, Yan was in civil strife and the country was in great decline. The northern part of Dujun Mountain was occupied by Donghu people. Yan Zhaowang ascended the throne in 3 12 BC. He made great efforts to govern the country, humbled himself with thick money, and accepted all the wise men in the world. As a result, celebrities such as Zou Yan and Drama Xin came to Yan from other countries. He also hanged himself and asked the orphans to share joys and sorrows with the people. Twenty years later, Yan was rich and powerful, and the army was strong. At the beginning of Wang Zhao's reign, he sent General Qin Kai to East Lake as a hostage. Qin Kai is in Donghu, pretending to be respectful to the leader of Donghu, but secretly knowing all aspects of Donghu. When Yan rose again, he also fled back to Yan from East Lake. He is familiar with the internal situation of Donghu people. At the beginning of the 3rd century BC, he led an army to defeat Donghu people and drove them away from Yan. In order to prevent the Donghu people from coming again, Yan built the Great Wall on the northern border, starting from Chengyang (now Dagucheng Village, Huailai County) in the west and Xiangping (now Liaoyang, Liaoning Province) in the east. The Great Wall consists of five counties, namely Shanggu, Yuyang, Youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong, to repel Donghu. There are two opinions about the exact location of the Great Wall: one is in Bashang area north of Xuanhua and Huailai in Hebei; One view is that from the intersection of He Jiong River and Yongding River, along the south bank of He Jiong, it enters Yanqing territory, passes through Shixiayu, Sancha Road, Hongshan and Hui Ling, and finally reaches Sihaiye. Nanshan Road in Ming Dynasty was built on the site of this city. In the Yuan Dynasty, I passed by Yulin Post (at that time, Yulin Post was 3 kilometers south of Yulin) and wrote a poem: "The roadside worships the earth, and the clouds are the ancient Great Wall", which is probably the Great Wall. The author thinks that Beiyan has not only one Great Wall, but also two Great Walls. p/` ff R2 & gt；
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Yan set up Shanggu County near Yanqing, which is the beginning of the establishment of administrative institutions in Yanqing area. It had a far-reaching impact on the later development. First of all, Han people began to live in this area. After the establishment of the county, there will be troops stationed, and most of the sergeants come from Han areas south of Du Jun. After a long time, they combined with local residents and realized the integration of Han nationality with Shanrong nationality, Donghu nationality and Xiongnu nationality here. Second, people began to settle down and agricultural production began to rise here. Although Yanqing area is rich and beautiful, it has long been only a nomadic area for ethnic minorities. The settlement of the garrison drove the residents to settle down. At this time, ironware had appeared in other parts of Yan State, which made it possible to cultivate land, and Yanqing area began to change from nomadic area to agricultural area.
This article comes from: Xiadu Yanqing Net [url][/url]