Rare surnames, few in number, but both north and south. In the Ming dynasty, there were unique virtues.
DuDu [DuDu, pronounced dú(ㄉㄨˊ].
I. Origin of surname:
The first origin: from the Xianbei nationality, from the northern Xianbei dugu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, belonging to the clan name "Sinicization".
The Dugu family generally thinks that it originated from Xianbei tribe in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It turned out to be different Chinese translations of "Dugu" or "Tuge".
Many historical documents say that Dugu is a descendant of Liu Xiu, Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. "In the later Han Dynasty, Pei Xian was named Ding, while he was born on a birthday party. Gai's second son is broad, jealous and gives birth to Mu. Mu Sheng went to Bo and Xiongnu was arrested. He was imprisoned at the foot of Dugu Mountain and gave birth to a corpse. Khan thought that King Guli was the Dugu Department. Seven Sun Luo Chen, since Wei Xiaowen moved to Los Angeles, took the department as his surname at the beginning ... "And so on, it was really pretending to be Liu Han's imperial clan.
In fact, "Tuge", also known as "Xiutuge", is a tribal group founded by the descendants of the Xiongnu king who repaired the soil in the Western Han Dynasty.
Since the unification of Mao Dun Khan in Qin and Han Dynasties, the Xiongnu nationality was once very powerful. They occupy the Mongolian Plateau, extending eastward to the Korean border, westward to Lake Balkhash, and southward to the vicinity of Hetao. Morton Khan divided this vast area into three parts: left, middle and right. He ruled the middle part by himself, and the left and right parts were managed by others. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, due to the lack of national strength and unstable political situation, the policy of "pro-marriage" has been implemented for the Xiongnu. In order to maintain peace in the border areas, a large number of silks and wines are given to the Xiongnu every year.
After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, due to the recovery and development of social production and the growing national strength, he suspended the kinship policy and launched a large-scale battle against the Xiongnu ministries. In the second year of Emperor founding ceremony of the Han and Yuan Dynasties (12 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing, a general in title of generals in ancient times, to explore the right Xiongnu in spring and summer.
At that time, Xiongnu's right Xiongnu in Longxi area was mainly composed of two tribal groups. One is Tu ministries, the leader is Xiutu Wang, surnamed Xu Lianti, and the world is the leader of Xiongnu Tu ministries.
Second, the evil department of Xiongnu, whose leader is Kun Evil King, surnamed Yi Qu, is the leader of the evil department of Xiongnu in the world. Although Xie Hun Department belongs to Xiongnu, it is not Donghu people. As far as ethnic origin is concerned, the basic member of the Xie Hun school is the Yi nationality. Yiqu nationality is an ancient nationality active in the area from the north of Jinjingshui to Hetao in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It belongs to Xirong, and Yiqurong is the strongest of all the Rong. It originally lived in Guyuan grassland in Ningxia and Longshan in Liupanshan. From the establishment of the tribal kingdom in Wuyi period of Shang Dynasty to the rule of Qin Dynasty, * * existed for more than 800 years, including the establishment of the slave kingdom Yiqu (772 BC-272 BC) for 500 years. In 306 BC, Qin Jian was established as a monarch. At that time, his mother was a regent. She adopted a policy of appeasement and flattery to give up her ambition. After losing the war with Qin, Yi Qu also wanted to mend fences and recuperate with Qin. King Yiqu took advantage of Qin Zhao Xiang's accession to the throne and personally went to the State of Qin to worship. However, as soon as King Yiqu arrived in Xianyang, he was detained in Qin by the planned Empress Xuan. In 272 BC, "Empress Xuan lured and killed King Yiqu in Ganquan Palace", and then sent troops to destroy the country and set up Beidi County and Longxi County instead. Until the Qin and Han Dynasties, Yi Qu tribes gathered into a tribal group, which was called Xie Hun Department, and later belonged to Donghu people, which became a group in the later Xiongnu tribal alliance.
Huo Qubing led tens of thousands of people to ride Yanqi Mountain (now Shandan, Gansu Province) and Juyanze (now Ejina Banner, Inner Mongolia), captured 40,000 to 50,000 Xiongnu people, and captured alive the Jin people who sacrificed their lives to heaven, which dealt a heavy blow to the Xiongnu right wing.
Xiongnu Khan blamed King Xiutu and King Kun for this major military fiasco, and called them to Khan Wang Ting to be executed. Fearing death, they planned to surrender to the Han Dynasty, but when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing to meet them, King Xiutu broke his word. So, the evil King Kun killed King Xiutu, annexed his soldiers, and surrendered to the Han Dynasty with more than 40,000 soldiers (so-called 100,000). Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Wuwei and Jiuquan counties in the hometown of the two kings. Liu Qu, the right holy king of Xiongnu, is humble.
This part of the Huns took advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains when Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty at the end of the Western Han Dynasty and broke away from the rule of the Central Plains dynasty again. The descendants of the former king Xiutu formed their own tribal group, called "Tubo Department" or "Xiutu Department", and lived together in the counties along the northwest coast from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Western Jin Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Central Plains split again and the Xianbei people rose. Tu ministries were subordinate to Tuoba GUI, the founding father of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and became the so-called Xianbei Dugu in later generations, becoming one of the original eight big noble of the Northern Wei regime.
Most of the descendants of the dugu people changed their Chinese characters to the single surname Liu and simplified some provincial languages to the single surname Du during the localization reform after Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
The second origin: from the Huns, from the right wise king of the southern Huns in the Three Kingdoms period, belonging to the sinicization of clan names.
According to the historical book "A Brief History of Clans", "the only one comes from Liuqu, the right king of northern Tibet."
Liu Qubei, whose birth and death year is to be tested, was the right king of the southern Xiongnu from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Three Kingdoms, and later became the iron clothing department of the Xiongnu. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the great-grandfather of Liu Huobao (Lian Huobao), the founder of Fox Xia regime, was Liu Qubei.
During the Han and Wei Dynasties, Cao Cao divided the southern Huns into five parts: the left, the right, the front, the back and the middle, each of which made them noble and handsome. At that time, the Xiongnu nobles headed by Zuo Bao thought they were descendants of the Han emperor and changed their surname to Liu. At that time, Liu changed his surname with a large number of Xiongnu nobles, such as Zuo Shuai Liu Bao, You Xianwang Liu Qu and his younger brother. Since then, Liu's Xiongnu was formed in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Xiongnu Liu mainly lived in Jinyang Fenjian, which is now in Shanxi Province.
After Liu was proclaimed emperor, Liu was posthumously named (Hu) Xia Emperor. Among the descendants of Liu Qu, there is a unique family.
The third origin: from Xianbei people, from the northern Wei Dynasty Xianbei Dugu Hunbu, belonging to the clan name.
The Xiongnu, who lives alone in Xianbei, ranks at the end of the Xianbei aristocrat's surname 1 10, and is the old division of Xianbei nationality in Daibei area.
The Hunbu of Dugu was originally one of the subordinate tribes of the Tuoba Department of Xianbei, originally nomadic in the cloud area (now Togtoh, Inner Mongolia). In the third year of Ganlu in Cao Wei (AD 258), Tuoba Liwei, an adult of Tuoba Department, led his troops to live in Lesheng (present-day Inner Mongolia and Linger), and then gathered all the ministries to establish Tuoba's position as the chief in the tribal alliance by force, thus establishing a generation of countries. After TaBaLiWei died of illness, various ministries rebelled. DuGuHun was one of the earliest tribes to rebel, and once attached to Wanxian.
In the eighth year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 383), after the defeat of the former Qin State in the Battle of Feishui, its national strength became weaker and weaker. Tuo Ba Li-wei 16-year-old son Tuo Ba-GUI lost no time in gathering his father's old aides and implementing the strategy of occupying the king's land by force and wisdom, and rapidly expanding his power. In the 11th year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 386), Tuoba GUI. From then on, Tuoba GUI ranked the lonely and muddy department at the bottom of the aristocratic team.
After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang, he began the second stage of reform. The focus of the reform is to change the original living customs of Xianbei immigrants and promote Xianbei people to actively accept Chinese culture. The main contents of the reform are as follows:
① Yi Xianbei's clothing is Hanfu. In the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 495), Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty received the courtiers in Guangjitang, and "the class gave him a crown suit", which was a concrete implementation measure of the official suit of Yixianbei in the Han system.
(2) Officials are required to use Chinese in court, and Xianbei language is prohibited. Xianbei language is called "northern language" and Chinese is called "sound". Emperor Xiaowen said, "If you want to break the northern dialects today, you must listen to the correct pronunciation." Xianbei officials over the age of 30 should gradually speak Chinese in court, and Xianbei officials under the age of 30 should immediately speak Chinese in court. Anyone who deliberately speaks Xianbei will be demoted and dismissed from office.
(3) Xianbei people who moved to Luoyang should take Luoyang as their native place after their death and should not be buried in Pingcheng.
(4) Change the original surname of Xianbei nobles to Han surname and set the family level. The changed Han surname shall be based on the surname with similar pronunciation to the original Xianbei surname. For example, Tuoba changed to yuanshi county County, which is the highest family level; In addition, Qiu Muling changed his surname to Mu, Bu Liugu changed his surname to Lu, He Lai changed his surname to He, Du Gu changed his surname to Liu, He Lou changed his surname to Lou, Fei Yu changed his surname to Yu, Ji and Wei Chi changed his surname to Wei. Big noble's social status was equal to that of Cui, Lu, Zheng and Wang, the highest families of Han nationality in northern China at that time. The surnames of other lower-ranking Xianbei nobles were also changed to Han surnames, and the rank was equivalent to that of ordinary Han gentry.
⑤ Actively encourage the royal family and nobles of Xianbei to intermarry with the gentry of Han nationality and establish political marriage, so as to strengthen the national harmony between Han nationality and Xianbei.
During the reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, most of the Xiongnu in Dugu was changed to Du in the Han Dynasty, and some provincial characters were simplified to single surnames and single surnames.
Two. Distribution:
Today, Qinhuangdao City in Hebei Province has a unique clan distribution.
Three. County outlook:
Henan County: Sanchuan County in Qin Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Gaozong of the Western Han Dynasty, Shen Bing was changed to Henan County, and Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) was ruled. At that time, its jurisdiction was in the lower reaches of Luoshui and Yishui in the south of the Yellow River in Henan Province, the upper reaches of Shuanghe and Jia Luhe, and Yuanyang County in the north of the Yellow River, which governed 22 counties, roughly equivalent to Jin Meng, Yanshi, Gongyi, Xingyang and Yuanyang in Henan Province today. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, because Luoyang was the capital, in order to improve the status of Henan County, its officials were called Yin, not Taishou. In the early years of Sui Dynasty, it was deposed, and later it became Henan County of Yuzhou. During the Tang dynasty, it was the Henan government of Luozhou, and its jurisdiction was much smaller than that of Henan county in the Han dynasty. Henan Road in Yuan Dynasty, Henan Province in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was founded in Henan Province during the Republic of China.
Levin County: Levin City was founded in the Warring States Period and was established in the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty (147 ~ 167). Governance in Levin (now Hebei Levin), then in Gaoyang County, Hebei Province. At the beginning of Taishi in the Jin Dynasty, Levin was established, and Bolu (now Lixian County, Hebei Province) governed Baoding, Qingyuan, Levin, Boye and Lixian County. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, Qingzhou was located in the northwest of Linzi County, Zibo City, Shandong Province. The Sui Dynasty was deposed in the early years of Emperor Kai (AD 58 1 year).
Dong Jun: Dong Jun was built in the year of Gengshen in the fifth year of Qin Shihuang (242 BC). It is located in Dong Jun, from the land of the former Wei State, including Daming House in Hebei, Dongchang House in Shandong and Changqing County in the western region. Because of this, the Western Han Dynasty ruled in Puyang County (now Puyang, Henan Province), and then ruled in Puyang County in southern Henan Province and the eastern and western parts of Shandong Province. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he tried to govern Wuyang in the middle, while Cang Hong was the satrap and governed Dongwuyang. The West Jin Dynasty was abolished and the East Jin Dynasty was restored, which is located in the east of hua county. The Northern Wei Dynasty moved to the slipway (now hua county, Henan Province) and was deposed in the early Sui Dynasty. Later, Yanzhou became the East County. Yanzhou was renamed from Sliding State (now hua county, Henan Province) instead of Shandong Yanzhou. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Song moved its capital to Dong Jun, located in Chenzhou, Henan.