Since 1986, the situation in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe began to be turbulent because Gorbachev of the Soviet Union began to adopt a "new thinking" of turning right in domestic and foreign policies and loosened the eastern European countries. The Polish government's price reform from 65438 to 0988 caused dissatisfaction among the masses. 1989 From February to April, the Polish Unified Workers' Party held a round table meeting with opposition parties such as the Solidarity Trade Union. After discussion, the United Workers' Party agreed that it was legal to unite trade unions. In June, Poland held a national election, and Solidarity won 99% of the Senate seats. On September 12, Solidarity Trade Union Mazowiecki was led by Solidarity Trade Union, including the coalition government of United Peasants Party and Democratic Party. Jaruzelski, the former United Workers' Party, became the first president with a term of six years. On February 29th of the same year, 12, the Parliament passed a constitutional amendment, changing the country name, national emblem and national nature, changing the country name to the Republic of Poland, restoring the red crown and white eagle to the national emblem of Poland, and deleting the provisions on unifying the leadership role of the Workers' Party, nationalizing the army, and prohibiting political parties from engaging in organizational activities in the army, enterprises and state organs. The new Republic is known as the third Republic of Poland in history. Poland has formally embarked on the development road of western parliamentary democracy in politics and market economy based on privatization in economy. Soon, Jaruzelski resigned as general secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party. Walesa and his supporters declared that the round-table agreement was outdated and demanded that the president resign and hold new presidential and parliamentary elections. 1990 65438+1On October 27th, the Polish United Workers' Party held its1/national congress and announced that it would stop its activities. A big party that had been in power for 45 years and once owned nearly 3 million party member was dissolved. 1990 Walesa proposed to run for the presidency, which was opposed by the Mazowiecki government faction. Solidarity trade unions are divided into centrist agreement meeting supporting Walesa and democratic action meeting supporting Mazowiecki's civil rights movement.

General elections were held in June 1990 1 1, and Walesa was elected president in the second round of voting. He proposed to "establish a free, democratic and prosperous new republic", develop a market economy based on private ownership economically, lift the restrictions on free land sale, and emphasize opening to the whole of Europe and the world in foreign policy.

Since then, Poland has realized the change of regime and political system, and began to move closer to the West. 1995, Walesa lost to kwasniewski in the presidential election. Economically, Poland's transformation has brought pain. However, Poland remains one of the most successful countries in the economic transformation in Eastern Europe and has achieved steady economic growth. 1In April 1997, the Polish National Assembly (Zgromadzenie Narodowe) adopted a new constitution, establishing a political system of separation of powers and an economic system based on social market economy. It stipulates that: the House of Representatives and the Senate have legislative power, the President and the government have executive power, and courts and tribunals exercise judicial power; Poland's economic system is based on the principles of economic liberalization and private ownership. 1999, Poland joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In June 2003, Poland held a referendum and decided to join the European Union. In 2004, Poland formally joined the European Union together with other 10 European countries. 20 10 April10, a Tu-154 special plane carrying Polish President Lech Kaczynski, his wife and several senior military and political officials crashed in Smolensk, Russia, killing all 97 people on board. The incident is considered as the biggest national mourning in Poland since the Second World War, and Poland mourned for 9 days.