Shipai village's surnames such as Chi, Dong and Pan all migrated from the Central Plains to the south. In their long life, they have formed the characteristics of the mainstream culture of the Central Plains and the local culture of Lingnan, the compatibility of Chinese culture and overseas culture, and the blending of urban culture and rural community culture. This feature is mainly manifested in the fine tradition of respecting teachers and attaching importance to Taoism, carrying forward ancestors' morality and loving the country and hometown. There are many bookstores, family bookstores, libraries, compulsory schools, bookstores and academies in the history of shipai village, which can be traced back to Lushan Academy near Beisanniang Temple in shipai village in the 46th year of Qing Qianlong (178 1). It is not only the highest institution of higher learning near Shipai, Liede and other towns 13, but also the earliest school in Shipai area. Due to shipai village's school-running tradition, there are many bachelor of arts in history. According to historical records, since the fourth year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (1570), there have been three scholars, four juren and two scholars in shipai village. One of the most outstanding is Pan who was admitted to imperial academy and compiled by the National History Museum during the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. After the founding of New China, Shipai District has gradually become an educational district in Guangzhou. For example, the People's Liberation Army opened a military and political university in Shipai Racecourse (the former site of the Presidential Palace) in June of 1949. 1950 65438+ 10/month 1, the military and political university was changed to Southern University. Later, universities, secondary specialized schools and ordinary middle schools were established one after another. These institutions of higher learning expropriated the land in shipai village. According to statistics, by 2000, there were 6 adult institutions of higher learning/KLOC-0 and 24 vocational skills training institutions in Shipai District. It can be described as a collection of humanities and talents.
In the traditional culture of Shipai, the national tradition of tracing its roots is more prominent. Shipai people have always attached importance to their "roots". In the process of urbanization, they did not forget Zude and did two major things: first, compiling historical records and managing future generations; The second is to build ancestral temples and carry forward Zude. They collected 17 genealogies only when compiling local chronicles, and the farthest genealogy was in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. They wrote shipai village's chronicles to find their roots. Then, through the construction of the ancestral hall, the origin and origin of ancestors are recorded in the ancestral hall, so that future generations can enhance their cohesiveness to the Chinese nation. For example, in the central hall of Dong Zu's ancestral hall, the three-character plaque of "Sance Hall" is hung high, accompanied by written descriptions, so that Dong Zu's descendants can know that there are "Sance Hall" in Dong Zu's ancestral hall all over the country and remember the merits and virtues of Dong Zhongshu, the distant ancestor of the Han Dynasty. ...
Before 1950s, Lantern Festival Village held a grand activity of carrying bodhisattvas to the countryside every year, commonly known as "Bodhisattva to the countryside", praying for good weather, peace and prosperity. On that day, villagers usually don't farm, put on holiday costumes, and participate in or visit rural tour groups. Married women will also return to their parents' home as soon as possible to celebrate the festival. Relatives and friends of the villagers and villagers from neighboring towns also came to watch the fun. Especially in the center of the village, Kannonji (commonly known as the Great Temple) and piedmont, people are crowded and very lively. The last time I went to the countryside was on 1950.
Suburban traditional culture
Shipai village is located in the eastern suburb of Guangzhou and belongs to the southern coastal area of China. Villagers have migrated from the Central Plains for hundreds of years. In modern times, influenced by more western cultures, they have kept more local cultural relics, which have great compatibility in cultural concepts and rich cultural connotations. On the one hand, it can be reflected in the long-standing surname culture, on the other hand, it can also be reflected in the rich cultural carrier.
The carriers of culture are ancestral halls, halls and temples. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, ancestral halls in shipai village accounted for 40% of the cultivated land in the village, including dozens of ancestral halls and square halls (halls established to commemorate ancestors or provide public places for people in a small area). The difference between ancestral temple and hall lies in the difference of architectural structure. The former is larger in scale and more exquisite in interior, and it is a three-entry and two-day well structure, while the latter is a two-entry and one-patio structure. These clan buildings mainly include ancestral halls and ancestral halls of six surnames, namely, Chi, Dong, Pan, Chen, Xian and Liang, including 13 for Chi clan buildings, 10 for Dong Shi clan buildings and10 for Pan Shi clan buildings. The ancestral temple has now become an ideal place for historical and cultural consolidation and accumulation, mass culture, art, sports, entertainment and leisure.
In addition to ancestral halls, individual cultural relics include stone carvings, plaques and gatehouses. Stone carvings are famous for turtles, lions, dogs and horses. According to research, the history of these cultural relics is as long as 700 years and as short as 500 years. It is said that shipai village got his name from these stone products. The villagers think these are the treasures of the town and village.
Among the cultural relics, plaques and stone carvings are precious. Among them, the plaque "Killing Thieves for the Country" inscribed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in the Republic of China 13 (1924) is now hanging in the main hall (replica) of the village cultural activity center. In addition, there are eight doorways: Shipai, Lizhuang Jiashu, Yuxu Palace, Chaoyang, Ruizao, Kuang Curie, Pan Shi Ancestral Hall and Shanping Library. Two of the doorways are carved with stone. However, both stone carving and wood carving are written and processed by modern or modern masters. Such as "Shipai" and "Li Shu" were written by Academician Jishi Shu, a scholar of Guangxu in the former Qing Dynasty, and edited by Wu Daorong. Jiang Kongyin, a scholar who discovered flowers and gave them to Hanlin in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, wrote other doorways. Liu Bin, a scholar in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, was awarded editor by Jishi Shu Teaching Center. He Rongkai, a scholar and editor of the National History Museum in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty.
There are many shipai temples, with more than one original temple 10. The famous ones are Kannonji, Yuxu Palace, Tianhou Palace, Honggong Temple, Jinhua Temple, Huaguang Temple and Chegong Temple. Only the Jade Palace and the Mother Temple survived, and the rest were demolished for political and architectural reasons. In the past, worship in temples was very popular. Although there are now, most of them are adult women, and many foreigners have mixed in, which shows that the immortals have broken through the geographical boundaries in the process of urbanization. Polytheism in rural areas has a long history and has become a custom. Therefore, it is still common for every household in shipai village to burn incense and light candles on the first and fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, but it is gradually becoming a mere formality.
Cultural evolution
The architectural culture of a place can well reflect its cultural characteristics. From this perspective, shipai village Neipan, Chi, Dong and other ancestral halls are typical examples of the combination of history and modernity. These three rebuilt ancestral halls are resplendent and exquisite in craftsmanship. Some cultural relics with their own names are stored in the corners of the ancestral halls, as well as entertainment equipment for the masses, such as lion heads for lion dancing. On holidays and festivals, the lion dance team will dance here first. Villagers don't burn incense in it on weekdays, and they don't have some old habits of ancestral halls. Entering the ancestral temple naturally makes people respect and miss their ancestors. At the same time, the ancestral temple has now become a good place for the elderly to get together and support the elderly. Some old people sit in rows on the stone steps, and some people or a dozen people sit together in the hall. They talk about everything and express their feelings. For example, during holidays and kindergarten holidays, many elderly people will also take their grandchildren to play together and enjoy family happiness. Therefore, these ancestral temples have become places for villagers' leisure and entertainment in modern life. It embodies the softness of historical tradition and modern culture.
There are many narrow streets and lanes in shipai village, which used to be called "Li" or "Fang", but now they are called "Main Street". Among the population of these 20 main streets, there are gatehouses engraved with traditional street names, such as Chaoyang, Fenghuang, Changsheng, Ying Long, Yue Long, Du Xing, Lvlian, Fengyuan, Qingyun, Heyang, Shanggu and Rentian.
The process of urbanization has changed the concepts and traditional customs of Shipai villagers. The traditional form has been preserved, but its connotation and function have been increased or weakened. For example, folk ancestor worship, participation in gods, holiday customs, happy events and so on. They all inherited traditional elements, but simplified some ceremonies and increased the content of friendship and dinner. Another example is the custom of climbing the dragon boat (rowing the dragon boat) and dancing the lion, which weakens the clan concept and deepens the elements of celebration, friendship and commercialization. In addition, the traditional bondage in marriage has been gradually broken.