-Appreciation of Autumn Poems (1)

Wang chuanxue

Autumn is a poetic season. Autumn wind is the most emotional natural force in this season. In ancient poetry, autumn wind, also known as west wind or golden wind, is a common image in literati's works.

From Qu Yuan's Autumn Wind in Dongting Lake in the Warring States Period (Nine Songs: Mrs. Xiang) to Liu Che's Autumn Wind in Bai Yunfei, Plants Fall to Yan Huang and Return to the South (Autumn Wind Ci) in the Han Dynasty, to Cao Cao and Cao Pi's Autumn Wind is bleak and the weather is cool in the Three Kingdoms. When the leaves fall with the wind, loneliness crawls out of your body, and a sense of sadness arises spontaneously.

Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, was particularly sensitive to autumn wind. His autumn poems are so sad:

Autumn wind is clear, autumn moon is bright,

When the fallen leaves are scattered, the habitat in western Western jackdaw is full of surprises.

The leaves in the wind gather when they gather. Western jackdaw has settled and the moon rises.

Friends are looking forward to meeting, but I don't know where. At this time, on such a night, it is difficult to miss each other.

When you enter the door of lovesickness, you will know the suffering of lovesickness.

Looking back on sauvignon blanc,

Short-lived lovesickness is infinite.

If I had known this was so frustrating,

I didn't know him at first.

The meaning of the word is: the autumn wind is so sad, the autumn moon is so bright, the leaves are floating, and even the birds in the tree are frightened. I want to meet my dear on that day. Now that we are apart, when can we meet again? On this autumn night, it's really embarrassing to think of it. Walking into the door of acacia, I know the pain of acacia, the eternal memory of acacia, but the short-lived acacia is endless. I knew that acacia was so entangled in my heart that I didn't know it at the beginning.

In the late autumn night, the hero saw the bright moon hanging high in the sky, and the western Western jackdaw perched on a deciduous tree. Perhaps the owner at this time just misses an old lover, which makes people sad and helpless. This kind of unforgettable love and yearning left in the bottom of my heart makes people regret their original acquaintance. This poem is a typical sad autumn work. Autumn wind, autumn moon, fallen leaves and Western jackdaw in the west set off a sad atmosphere. The poet's fantastic imagination and perfect portrayal of his own heart make the whole poem seem sad and moving.

There is sadness and acacia in the autumn wind. Li Bai's Midnight Qiu Ge wrote:

There is moonlight in Chang 'an, and all the families in Yi Dao are there.

The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border.

Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! ?

The city with moonlight like silver is calm on the surface, but the sound of shattered skirts contains the feelings of thousands of families; The autumn wind is endless, and it also sustains the deep feelings of missing the border, which makes people excited to read.

This yearning is more profound in Chen Yulan's "Farewell to Her Husband":

The husband guards the border, and the concubine is in Wu.

The west wind blows my concubine and worries her husband.

A line of letters and a thousand lines of tears,

Cold to your side, clothes to nothing?

Chen Yulan was the wife of Wang Jia, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem is about the care and yearning of the wife of her husband's expedition.

The outstanding features of this poem are expressed in syntax. The syntax of the four sentences in the whole poem has one thing in common: each sentence contains two relative or related meanings. On roughly the same premise, changes have taken place. "The husband guards the border/the concubine is in Wu", which consists of two opposite meanings, that is, the form of "every sentence is reasonable". This contrast highlights the feeling of being far apart. Cut to the chase at the beginning, point out the meaning of the problem and explain why you want to send clothes. The following three sentences are all caused from here. "The west wind blows my concubine/concubine worries about her husband", and the autumn wind blows on the young woman, which should arouse her cold feeling. However, after the poem is finished, I will not write about the young woman's own cold feeling, but directly write about the psychological activities of "my concubine is worried about her husband". There is a small leap or turning point in the meaning of the front and back layers, which appropriately shows the young woman's considerate mood towards her husband, which is very vivid. The direct cause of this sentence is "to send clothes". "One line of words/a thousand lines of tears", this sentence, through the strong contrast between "one line" and "a thousand lines", is extremely short and lasting. The emotional content of A Thousand Tears contains deep love, strong sadness and complex emotions. What does this sentence say? Don't mention cold clothes to avoid repeating the next sentence. At the same time, I wrote about my inner activities when sending clothes. "Cold to your side/clothes are cold to nothing?" This sentence uses a false and false questioning tone, which is different from the first three sentences In the eyes of young women, it seems that they are racing against cold clothes in winter, and the result of this competition is very important to her, which vividly shows the worries of young women. In this way, each sentence can be marked with a section number, which consists of two meanings, and the level of poetry is greatly enriched. The repeated use of the same sentence pattern is only slightly changed in use, which is not rigid and constitutes the rhythm of reciprocating, singing and sighing.

Another feature of the rhyme beauty of this poem is the use of compound words in the sentence. Modern poetry generally avoids repetition of words. But the conscious use of compound words can sometimes make poetry catchy, touching and produce the aesthetic feeling of music. For example, there are compound words in the last three sentences of the poem, and there are appropriate changes in use. In the second sentence, the word "concubine" appears one after another. The former word "concubine" is the end of the first meaning, and the latter word is the beginning of the second meaning. In the whole sentence, they are repeated, but for two related meanings, they form a figure of speech, which reads smoothly and has the feeling of "countless" Three sentences and four sentences overlap on the second and sixth words, which is not only the factor that constitutes the "right in the sentence" in each sentence, but also the natural pairing factor of the whole couplet, thus increasing the sense of rhythm of the poem and helping to express that kind of sad and lingering emotion.

In addition, the first-person expression is also worth mentioning. The "concubine" in the poem (called by ancient women themselves) certainly does not refer to the poet himself. In the first person, with the expression of inner monologue, through a series of psychological activities before and after sending clothes, the heroine's inner world is vividly displayed: from missing her husband, to worrying about her husband when the autumn wind blows, to repairing books with tears when sending clothes, and then missing her after sending clothes. This poem successfully expresses the theme through the direct description of the psychological activities of the characters.

The west wind in Li Bai's Qin Yi E left a sense of desolation;

Yu Xiao's voice was sad and sad. When she woke up from her dream, a string of bright moons were hanging upstairs in Qin. Qin family, every year in the second quarter of the moon, the willow color by the bridge is printed with seven windows for farewell.

Looking at the Cold and Autumn Festival, the ancient road leading to Xianyang has been cut off. The west wind kissed the light of the sun, and in front of us were the tombs and palaces of the Han Dynasty.

This word hurts the present, but cherishes the present. The first sentence is caused by the sound of the flute under the moon. It has been seen that Hua Meng in the past has been broken. The last three sentences, more from moonlight, add a willow color, add a special feeling, blend the scenery into one, and want to see the bleak and vague outline. The next film reveals Han Yun and depicts the time and place of its heyday. A "Xianyang Ancient Road" plummeted and moved my mind. Continue "Sound and Dust", the deeper the sadness. The character "West Wind" only writes about the realm, and the sense of ups and downs is contained in it. Its boldness of vision is the highest in the world.

Wang Guowei commented on "The Sunset of the West Wind, the Tomb of the Han Family": "There are few words, so it is the mouth of the ages. Only Fan Wenzheng's "The Pride of Fisherman" and Xia Yinggong's "Xi Qian Ying" are not enough for future generations, but the weather is no longer there. " This kind of "weather" can only be seen by poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. But the weather in this word is very different from the "prosperous Tang weather" in Kaiyuan era, but it is indeed one of the prosperous Tang weather. It is broad and profound, with broad artistic conception, strong charm and sadness. This kind of "weather" can be seen in Li Bai's later works, such as "Antique" (46), "Farewell" and "Xiling Going Upstairs". After the poem, he wrote: "The floating sun destroys the scenery, and everything gives birth to autumn." Go upstairs and look at the distant view and the peaks on the threshold. Yuanye is outside Myanmar, and the river is wrong. "It's very much like the style of this song" Yi Qin E ". This word may have been written in the late Tianbao period. The poet, in a similar way, endowed Qin E with lyrical feelings and mixed intuitive feelings and images. The first one was written by personal sorrow, and the second one turned into historical sorrow. Both the Qin and Han Dynasties have passed, leaving only long ancient roads and lonely ancient tombs, facing the afterglow of the west wind. This is a relic of the past, but it is also a real scene. At the same time, this scene "West Wind and Han Jialing" is bound to make people contact with the future of the dynasty. As a result, the boundaries between the past, the present and the future were cancelled and blended together. The sequence of history leaves people with only one appearance-"the west wind still shines, and the Han family is lost." "It creates a tragic sense of historical extinction, or a sense of destruction, which fills people's hearts. This is the result of historical reflection. So the personal sadness of the last movie can only be replaced by the foil of the next movie.

The autumn wind is vividly written, extremely sad and moving, and it is nothing more than the famous poem "Climbing the Heights" by Du Fu, a great poet in Tang Dynasty:

In the wild wind in the vast sky, the ape is sobbing,

Birds fly over the clear lake and white sand beach and fly home.

Leaves fall like a waterfall,

When I watch the long river roll forward. ……

The first four short sentences not only describe six kinds of scenery, such as "wind, sky, apes, bamboo, sand and birds", but also modify them with words such as "urgency, height, sadness, clearness, whiteness and flying", indicating the order and environment of festivals and rendering a strong autumn feeling. The autumn wind here sets off the poet's feeling and sad mood, and the poetic rhyme is strong and amazing.

The autumn wind written by Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is also very imposing:

The white dew is full of phoenix trees, and cicadas cry at night.

The autumn wind moves Wan Li, and the setting sun is yellow.

(The first four sentences of "Gongbei Qiujixing Cui Mingyun")

The buttonwood trees are covered with white dew, and cicadas sing day and night. Autumn wind, blowing Wan Li vegetation; At dusk, the clouds in the sky are particularly high. The autumn wind is very strong, so when it blows, plants and trees near and far are shaking. After sunset, the fields are quiet and empty, so Huang Yun is particularly high. Autumn scenery was vividly described in the poem, and he hurried by at dusk in the wilderness.

Xu Hun, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "The West Wind in Early Autumn", which played a wonderful voice of the Qingyue musical instrument:

The long night was filled with the silent voices of a couple and a couple; The wind blows like a west wind.

The dew condensed weeds left a few fireflies; On the morning of autumn, the geese flitted across the Milky Way and flew to the south.

Tall trees don't seem to have withered at dawn, and the distance between the sun and the distant mountains is quite clear.

"Huainanzi" has leaves and knows the sentence of Sui mother; I realized the poetry under the leaves of horaba.

This is a poem describing the scenery in early autumn. The first couplet uses imagination to imagine the gentle autumn wind after listening to it all night as the autumn wind blowing among the drooping green vines, playing a crisp and pleasant sound. Next, write down the scenery in early autumn in detail. The couplet is from overlooking to looking up, and the neckline is from near to far; Describe the early autumn scenery from high to low, with orderly levels and wide boundaries. The topic is "early autumn", so the scenery written everywhere falls on the word "early" The word "algae" is attached to Residual Firefly, Zao Yan, Climbing to the Dawn in the Tall Trees at Night and Folding the Light in the Distant Mountains. The couplet quotes allusions, imagining a leaf, being inspired by the eye-catching waves, and can't help but despair, showing the poetry of a leaf drifting with the tide in Dongting.

The autumn wind in Jia Dao's Poem of Jiang Yi Going to Wu Chu created a sad lyrical environment.

When Fujian set sail, Toad lost his last contact.

Autumn wind blows the Weihe River and leaves fall all over Chang 'an.

There was a party here in the evening, when it was thunderstorm and freezing.

Lan Raoshu did not return, and the news was in the clouds.

Jia Dao met a reclusive friend Shi in Chang 'an before becoming a monk. Later, Shi left Chang 'an for Fujian. Jia Dao missed him very much and wrote two poems. History on the River is one of them.

The first couplet's "Sailing Fujian" means "Sailing Fujian". Toad refers to the moon. At the beginning, the poet said with deep affection that it has been a month since my friend left Chang 'an for Fujian by boat, and there has been no news so far. Here, the poet expressed his concern for his friends.

Zhuan Xu's Autumn Wind describes the bleak scene and creates a sad and lyrical environment. "Weishui" is the Weihe River. The poet said that it was autumn in Chang 'an after friends left. This connection is two-fold, and the previous sentence is about water. Chang 'an is on the south bank of Weihe River, and it is also a place to bid farewell to friends. It was still summer when I left, and there was no autumn wind in Weishui. It's time for the autumn wind to blow the Weihe River. The next sentence is about fallen leaves. From the perspective of "autumn wind sweeping away leaves", it is now that the yellow leaves are full of Chang' an. The connection of the two sentences not only shows the poet's nostalgia for his friends from the change of time and space, but also improves the aesthetic realm of poetry.

The neckline brings the perspective back to the time of separation. "Here" is the land of enfeoffment, that is, Chang 'an on the south bank of Weihe River. "Thunderstorm" implies that it is still summer. These two sentences mean that when I think of the night when I met and talked in Chang 'an, it suddenly rained heavily and thundered. Although it is summer, I still can't help but feel cold. The clever use of the word "cold" not only shows that the season is late summer, but also implies that the poet is chilling because his friends are far away. Now that friends have been gone for so long, autumn has come, and a feeling of missing is lingering in my heart, which is hard to let go.

The "blue radius" of the tail joint is an oar made of magnolia wood, which means boat here. "Sea Cloud" is the place where the sea cloud was born. The meaning of these two sentences is that because my friend's boat is far from coming back and there is no news, I have to look south at the distant and slim Fujian seaside. Here, the poet concentrated on expressing his feelings. His friend is still far away, still in the "sea cloud", still in the ends of the earth, and there is no news. This better expresses the poet's sincere feelings for his friends, and the nostalgia is between the lines.

The language of the whole poem is simple and natural, which well expresses the poet's affection for his friends. Scenery description has a sense of seasons, especially "autumn wind" and "fallen leaves". Two sentences describing autumn scenery are natural and neat, which not only describe the typical scenery in late autumn, but also are desolate and vast.

Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, described the lotus leaf in the west wind spreading eastward in his "Occasionally in Qi 'an County", hiding the feelings of hurting autumn;

On the double-column Sunset Creek Bridge,

A wisp of smoke in the willow shadow.

How many green leaves and lotus flowers hate each other,

Look back at the west wind for a while.

The first two sentences of the poem are purely about scenery: the setting sun reflects the stream bridge, and the willows on the shore contain light smoke. However, from the sunset and willow scenes chosen by the poet, people feel that the scenery in the picture is not so bright, but slightly dim; The artistic conception of this poem is not so cheerful, but slightly sentimental. This is a harmonious environmental atmosphere arranged to arouse the "hate" of the second half of the green lotus.

Write three or four sentences about the lotus leaves exposed to the wind seen from the creek bridge. These two poems take the word "how much" as the introduction, which makes the poems show the swaying beauty of fengshen on the surface of what they write. The first sentence uses the word "leaning against each other" to express the shape of green pavilions on the water, and the next sentence uses "moment" before "looking back", vividly capturing the moment when the gust blows and the lotus leaves fly with the wind. These two poems write the shapes of the wind and lotus very quickly, which are not only vivid, but also full of feelings between the lines.

Here, the poet not only "turns with things" when writing the scenery (Wen Xin Diao Long Xun pian), but also describes the shape and dynamics of the wind and lotus in a subtle way; And "Wandering with Your Heart" writes the expression and modality of wind and load differently when feeling things (ditto). Of course, Feng He is heartless, so there should be no hatred. The hatred of wind and load is presented from the poet's mind. The poet threw his feelings into the lifeless wind and lotus, and looked at the wind and lotus "leaning against each other" and "looking back" with his own emotional color. He felt that they seemed to have feelings and hatred, so he combined the description of the external state of things with the revelation of self-knowledge. On the surface, what is written here is the hatred of the green lotus, but in fact, it is to see me in things and to write the hatred of poets.

Judging from Du Mu's experience, what he shows is a kind of hatred of beauty disappearing. Du Mu is a man with political ambitions and opinions. Unfortunately, he was born in the declining period of the Tang Dynasty. He is determined to win all his life without asking for anything in return. At this time, he was excluded and became an official, with a hidden pain of hard-to-pay ambition. Therefore, even the heartless violet in front of us looks sad.

The autumn wind in Autumn Meaning by Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is a catalyst for strong homesickness.

Look at the autumn wind in Luoyang,

The writer's book is full of meaning.

I can't talk about it in a hurry

Pedestrians came and opened again.

This poem is meaningful. With the help of a fragment of daily life-the details of thoughts and actions when sending letters home, it expresses the deep thoughts of people stranded in their hometown in an unusually real and delicate way.

The first sentence says you live in Luoyang and watch the autumn wind. A plain narrative, not exaggerated, but implicit. Autumn wind is invisible, as if invisible. However, just as the earth can be dyed green, bringing endless spring colors, the cold air contained in the autumn wind can make the leaves of trees turn yellow and the flowers wither, bringing wide autumn colors, autumn capacity and autumn state to nature and human beings. It is invisible, but it can be seen everywhere. Wanderers in a foreign land, seeing this bleak and crumbling scene, will inevitably arouse the loneliness of being in a foreign land and cause long-term thoughts for their relatives in their hometown. This plain and implicit word "Jane" has given readers many hints and associations.

The second sentence is followed by "look at the autumn wind" and the word "think" is written on the front. In Jin Dynasty, Hans Zhang "thought about rice, soup and perch in Wuzhong because of the autumn wind, saying,' Life is expensive but you don't want it, so why stay thousands of miles to make a name for yourself?' Then I drove home. "("Book of Jin, History of Han, Biography of Zhang ") Zhang was originally from Wu Jun and now lives in Luoyang, which is similar to that of Han Zhang. When he was homesick for watching the autumn wind, he might have thought of this story of Hans Zhang. However, due to various unspecified reasons, I can't follow Hans Zhang's practice of "going home with my life" and have to write home to express my homesickness. This makes the already deep and strong homesickness, adding to the melancholy of wanting to return, and the thoughts are becoming more and more complicated. The word "desire" expresses the poet's thought and modality at that time: I feel that I have something to talk about, but I don't know where to start or how to express it. Originally, the abstract "meaning is very heavy", but because of this "book for writers", the description of expressions and attitudes that can't be written becomes vivid and easy to imagine.

In three or four sentences, aside from the specific process and content of writing letters, only one detail when the letter from home is about to be sent is deleted-"I can't rush to say that pedestrians are about to be demolished." The poet felt unable to write because of his "heavy meaning" and had no time to think about it because of the message of "pedestrians". Deep and rich feelings and unspeakable contradictions, coupled with the "hurry" of time, actually made this letter containing thousands of words almost "I tried to read your notes in a hurry, and I found the ink was too light" (Li Shangyin's "Untitled Four Poems"). The book is sealed, as if it had been said; But when a passer-by was on his way, he remembered that he was in a hurry just now, for fear of missing anything important in the letter, so he opened the envelope in a hurry. The word "fear again" describes psychological nuances. This "about to open" detail is not so much to add a few words that I haven't had time to say, but to verify your doubts and concerns. The uncertainty of this "fear" actually prompted the poet to make the decision of "Kaifeng" without thinking, which shows that he attaches great importance to this "meaningful" letter from home and deeply misses his loved ones-a thousand words, for fear of missing a sentence. The detail of "open the door at once" vividly shows the mentality of "endless fear recurrence", which means something common in the mind, but not everyone can do it.

Wang Anshi commented on the poem, saying: "It seems to be the most extraordinary, easy but difficult to achieve" ("On Zhang Shi"), which won the essence of excellent works and suffered from "Samadhi". This poem, which is extremely natural, extremely plain and as natural as life itself, just confirms Wang Anshi's careful comments.