Wang Shigu (1632- 17 17), whose real name is Yi, a farmer and a heavy smoker, is a swordsman with five acres of mountain people. In his later years, he was given a book "Landscape qinghui" by Emperor Kangxi, also known as a mountain man in qinghui. He was a famous landscape painter in the early Qing Dynasty and the founder of Yushan Painting School. Born in Changshu IV's family of calligraphy and painting, he liked painting landscapes since childhood, and studied with Changshu landscape painters in his childhood, specializing in copying yellow paintings. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (165 1), Wang Jian, a famous painter in Taicang, saw the landscape fan painted by Wang Shigu, who was 20 years old, in Changshu, and greatly appreciated it. Take him as a disciple, take him back to Taicang, and carefully guide him to write calligraphy and manuscripts of past dynasties. After Wang Jianju became a layman, he was introduced as a disciple with Wang Shimin, a famous painter in Taicang. Wang Shimin took Wang Shigu on a tour and provided him with the famous secrets of Song and Yuan Dynasties that have been collected and collected by collectors from all over the country. Under the guidance of the "two kings", Wang Shigu made great progress in painting skills and gradually deepened his skill; After forty, he showed his unique painting style; After the age of 50, he became a recognized giant in painting with rich and exquisite techniques, taking Changye, the two schools of thought in the North and South, as a furnace. He was honored as the national "sage of painting" and "the first person in a hundred years" (praised by Zhou Liang in Qing Dynasty). Later generations called him "Four Kings" with Wang Jian, Wang Shimin and Wang, and "Six Qing" with Yun.
Wang Shigu is most praised for his 60-year-old "Southern Tour". In order to celebrate his achievements in six trips to the south of the Yangtze River, Emperor Kangxi praised the world for collecting painters and drew a map of his southern tour. Wang Shigu, sponsored by the Song Dynasty, the Prime Minister, and the left assistant minister Wang, took his disciple Yang into the palace for two years and presided over the drawing of a huge macro "Southern Tour Map". The picture consists of twelve volumes, centering on the image of Emperor Kangxi, which reproduces the grand occasion of Kangxi's southern tour. The picture started from Yongdingmen in Beijing, went to Dayu Temple in Shaoxing, and returned to Beijing via Jinling, which widely reflected the urban and rural features and social life at that time. The sketch of 12 volume of this painting, all the ideas and drawings of trees and stones are from Wang Shigu himself (figures, animals, houses, etc. It was drawn by his disciple Jin Yang and others. This painting is Wang Shigu's masterpiece, with vast scenes, rich contents and changeable techniques, which is of great historical and artistic value. Afterwards, Kangxi gave the king the word "the landscape is clear and bright".
Wang Shigu also drew Fighter Map of Northern Expedition and Fighter Map of Northern Expedition, which reflected the event of suppressing the rebellion of Grdan, a Russian-supported Junggar aristocrat, in the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi (1695). When Kangxi recruited Grdan, before leaving, the portrait painter painted a portrait of the army for the squire, with Wang Shigu painting landscapes as the background; Uncle Song, a bachelor of cabinet, was ordered to supervise the grain transportation, and Wang Shigu made a map of the Northern Expedition for this purpose.
At the age of 67, Wang Shigu resigned from Kangxi and left Beijing for Changshu. Princes and nobles bid farewell to him. I specially painted "Mr. Ishiguro riding an ox up the mountain" as a farewell. After returning to Changshu, he continued to paint until his death. Masterpieces handed down from ancient times include Cliff Cloud, Zhou Fang and Imitation of Wang Mengqiu, which are collected in Shanghai, Changshu and Beijing Palace Museum respectively. His works include Postscript of Qing Hui Painting, Gift of Qing Hui, Gift of Qing Hui Pavilion, etc.
Wang Shigu's painting style has a great influence, with many disciples and scholars, forming the famous Yushan painting school, followed by his son Wang Chou and his great-grandson, who are also good at painting.
Its tomb was originally located in the foothills outside the north gate, and then moved to the present site of Chengjiaqiao at the south foot, which is the Sancha tomb. The tomb faces south, with Zhao (left) as the tomb of his son Bo and Mu (right) as the tomb of Sun Bangxian. In the middle is the tomb of Wang Shi, with one monument erected in front and one monument erected behind. The latter monument was erected by his grandson Yu Qianlong in the ninth year, and the former monument was erected by his grandson Zeng Li in the eighth year. The inscription is "Tomb of Saint Wang Shi in Qing Dynasty" written by Weng Tonghe in the 26th year of Guangxu (1900). The tomb circumference is 3. 1 m in diameter and 1.2 m in height, including Luocheng, Baitai and the tomb gate. The tomb covers an area of 457 square meters and is more than 20 meters long. In recent years, the single stone workshop was rebuilt and inscribed with the tomb of Mr. Wang Shigu.
Its shrine is located in Beimen Street, with three hard-topped houses with seven beams, three rectangular pavilions with brick and wood structures, and the stone inscription "Mr. Shihei returns to the mountain" is embedded. Now the temple is being renovated.
Ceng Pu tomb
It is a municipal-level cultural relics protection unit on Dapeng hillside in Baoyan Bay, Yushan.
Ceng Pu (1872— 1935), a native of Changshu, was a famous novelist and translator in modern times. Meng Pu, also known as Xiao Mu, Shuazhai and Mingshan, wrote an inscription under the pseudonym "Sick Man of East Asia" to attract the attention of Chinese people and save China. Ceng Pu was a juren in the 17th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (189 1). He was dissatisfied with the imperial examination system and was forced by his father's strict orders. The next year, he reluctantly went north to catch the exam, deliberately soiled the paper and left with the poem. Later, his father donated cabinet books for him in Beijing, worked in Beijing and wrote masterpieces in the cabinet. 1894, with the desire of "saving the nation from subjugation", Ceng Pu thought that English was only enough for trade, while French was an essential language for diplomacy, and went to Wentong Library to learn French with his good friend Zhang Hong. In the twenty-third year of Guangxu (1897), he went to Shanghai to prepare for industry, and became very close to Tan Sitong, Tang, and others. He talked about political reform and set off political reform activities, and the concept of industry completely disappeared. The following year, the Reform Movement of 1898 failed and six reformers were killed. Ceng Pu is not in Kyoto, because he happened to go home to deal with his father's grave and was not implicated. In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), a famous scholar in Changshu participated in the murder of three murderers (Li, Gang Yi and Rong Lu) and wrote to him in his hometown. After the defeat, Shen went to prison and tried to make some arrangements for him to make him less miserable in prison. After Shen Shi was pardoned and released from prison, he became a madman, and Ceng Pu made a living for him until Shen Shi died.
In the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), Ding and Xu Nianci, residents of Yihe City, founded Xiao Shuolin Society in Shanghai, published novels and translated western novels. In the same year, after receiving Jin Songcen's six original volumes, he began to write "Evil Sea Flowers". In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), Xiao Shuo Lin Society published Xiao Shuo Lin Monthly, with Ceng Pu as the main contributor. This year, the Qing court transferred Zhang Zengyang, the governor of Zhejiang who killed Qiu Jin, to Jiangsu, and took the lead in launching the Zhang-flooding movement, forcing the Qing court to withdraw the power of attorney and transfer Zhang to Shaanxi.
In Xuantongyuan (1909), Duan Fangfu, governor of Liangjiang, served as a staff officer. He joined the Republican Party in the early years of the Republic of China and was elected as a member of Jiangsu Province. He used to be the director of provincial official production, finance and government affairs. 1927, he and his eldest son, Ceng Xubai, founded the Zhenshanmei Bookstore in Shanghai and published the magazine Zhenshanmei. Since then, the publication of truth, goodness and beauty has stopped at 193 1. In addition to continuing to write "Evil Flowers" and creating "Lunanzi" and poems, my main energy is devoted to the translation of novels, poems and dramas of French Hugo, Zola, Moliere, Flaubert and representative figures such as French Hugo, Dumas, Balzac, george sand and Merimee. 1930, I first met Yu Dafu, a famous novelist, in Shanghai, and talked about "Evil Sea Flower" and French romantic literature.
193 1, truth, goodness and beauty are closed. After the bookstore closed, I went back to the library, lived in Xukuo Garden in Changshu, and planted flowers until 1935 died.
Ceng Pu's main works include Hai Xie Hua, Lu Nanzi, one volume of Supplement Records, ten volumes of Supplement Records, Patient Diary and so on. Among them, Nie Haihua advocates anti-feudal autocracy and sympathizes with the democratic revolution, which is recognized by academic circles as the highest achievement in the condemnation novels of the Western countries in the late Qing Dynasty, and is also the first novel in modern China that describes the democratic revolution and the national revolution with sympathy.
Its tomb is the same as that written by Lang Zhongzeng, the minister of punishments, and the tomb is located in Zhao (left). The land is 355 square meters, the diameter of the enclosure is 3 meters, the height is 1.5 meters, and the length of the tomb is about 10 meters. In front of the tomb stands the monument of "The Curtain of the Sick Man of East Asia Zeng Pu", which was rebuilt on 1980.