1, politics
Ming Dynasty: Although it was still a feudal society, the monarch was professional.
System, but by the Ming dynasty, the embryonic form of democratic system and electoral system began to appear. With the germination of capitalist social system, the atmosphere of folk politics is strong, and people can also discuss politics. In the court, there is a certain process in the production of tuibei system.
On the other hand, officials are elected from within the court and form a cabinet. The prime minister is in charge of the cabinet and no longer depends on the emperor to handle state affairs. For example, in the late Wanli period, the country did not go to court for more than 30 years, but it still operated normally. However, it also has some disadvantages.
On the one hand, the emperor retreated into the deep palace, the imperial power was weakened, the internal party struggle in the court was fierce, the forces of all parties fluctuated greatly, and there was always a lack of people who could control the overall situation, so the political situation in the Ming Dynasty began to be chaotic and dark, which eventually led to civil strife in the Ming Dynasty
And extinction.
Qing dynasty: in the early Qing dynasty, violent rule, massacres and massacres were everywhere, and the population dropped sharply. According to statistics, it is said that the population at the end of the Ming Dynasty was about 400 million, but in the early days of Kangxi,
The population has dropped to about 20 million, and the main participants in politics are Manchu nobles and Mongolian nobles. In the early stage, the proportion of Han ministers was very small and their positions were not high. Ideologically, they adopted the policy of enslavement. In the imperial court, imperial power was highly concentrated again.
No one is allowed to talk about politics, and the words can't be finished, which completely stifled the germination of capitalism in the Ming Dynasty.
2. Military
Ming Dynasty: The garrison defense system was adopted, the military and government were separated, and the literati unified the army, mainly infantry.
In the early days, the fighting capacity of its army was relatively strong, but later it was low because of the policy of using literature to control force. In terms of weapons, firearms began to be used in the army, and there were special magic camps. In the early days, the navy was strong, but the military theory at that time
Not taking aggression and plunder as the guiding ideology, and attaching too much importance to Xuanwei's false reputation, eventually led to the huge navy becoming a huge burden for the country, and did not open up territory and create wealth for the country.
Qing Dynasty: Eight Banners system was adopted.
Degree, divided into Manchu Eight Banners and Han Eight Banners, Han Eight Banners are actually slave troops and cannon fodder, mainly cavalry, still using the tactics of the conference semifinals. In terms of weapons, there is no firearms research department like the Ming Dynasty.
Relying on cold weapons, not paying attention to the research and development of weapons, I bought a large part of firearms. Even in the Kangxi period, foreign missionaries were appointed to imitate on a small scale, which did not form combat effectiveness. Firearms were used in the late Qing Dynasty.
Be defeated in the war.
3. Economy
Ming Dynasty: Agricultural economy was given priority to, supplemented by handicraft workshops, and commercial development was encouraged. A large number of manual workshops have appeared, and mechanized operations have appeared to a certain extent. It tends to develop towards capitalism, with strong economic strength and relatively rich country and people. Only in the later period, political corruption and repeated corruption led to a deficit in the state treasury.
Qing dynasty: restraining commercial development, returning to small-scale peasant economy, further closing the country, and the tendency of capitalism disappeared.
4. Culture
Ming dynasty: imperial examinations were dominated by eight-part essays, and folk literature was dominated by various novels. Novels and couplets began to flourish on a large scale, and there were many folk academies, all kinds of talents emerged rapidly, and the style of writing flourished.
Qing Dynasty: Constant literary inquisition, coupled with the degradation of Han people, a large number of Han literati lived in seclusion, and culture began to decline. A large number of novels are banned because of their contents, and the censorship of books is extremely strict, which is basically a dark age in culture.
5. Technology
bright
North Korea: Because of the beginning of the ocean age, the scientific and technological exchanges between the East and the West were greatly reflected in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Western missionaries and scientific and technological personnel came to the Ming Dynasty to communicate with each other, and a large number of scientific and technological talents such as Song Ying emerged in the Ming Dynasty.
Star, Xu Guangqi and others, agricultural technology and machinery have made great progress, including printing, color overprint technology has emerged. Compared with the West at that time, China was still ahead of the West in all kinds of technologies, and it was not inferior in firearms.
Western colors.
Qing: I don't pay attention to technology at all. When communicating with the west, I don't understand that the theory of westerners is completely wrong. In this period, technology is a complete retrogression of history.
Excerpted from Baidu netizens, thank you.