1. Politics: add new institutions and abolish redundant officials and bureaucrats. To a certain extent, it dealt a blow to the feudal die-hards, but it also reflected that the Qing government became a tool to safeguard imperialism and added institutions to safeguard imperialist interests.
2. Military: Training a new army. To a certain extent, China's national defense strength was enhanced, but later, the war came and modern warlords were formed.
3. Culture and education: abolish the imperial examination, promulgate a new academic system, set up various new schools and send overseas students. It has formed an atmosphere of attaching importance to western science and technology and social and political theories, and trained modern talents in science and technology, education, law and politics, military affairs and so on.
4. Revitalize business and repay business. It promoted the development of China's modern economy. However, in the final analysis, the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty was to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty and could not really promote the development of China's modernization. It's just a scam, and the reform has not eased the contradiction.
From around 1840 to the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty, with the deepening of Sino-British diplomatic relations, the views of scholar-officials on Britain gradually developed and changed. Before the Opium War, China people's cognition of Britain was basically in a vague state. Except for some scholar-bureaucrats, the passive cognitive attitude and the influence of "the distinction between Chinese and foreigners" and "China-centered theory" led scholars to pay little attention to the existence of British image. During the Opium War, China people still lacked sufficient understanding and cognition of the image of Britain. Faced with the impact of Britain's "gunboat policy", scholar-officials began to divide their views on Britain, and a group of enlightened scholar-officials appeared in China, guiding people to understand the historical geography, customs and culture of British society and positioning the image of Britain from a macro perspective. During the Westernization period, after two Opium Wars, scholars gradually faced up to Britain's advanced technology and the necessity of opening the country. This period is a period of development of Sino-British relations. The people of China established the Prime Minister's yamen, Shi Jing Wentong Museum, launched the Westernization Movement, sent envoys and students abroad, built railways, set up telegraph lines, and so on, trying to "learn from foreigners to strengthen themselves". Scholar-bureaucrats' impressions of Britain developed deeply. They recorded and discussed the politics, economy, law, religion and ethics of British society, which enriched their knowledge and experience of the image of Britain and promoted the modernization of China. At the same time, with the gradual opening of the country, the literati began to accept the changing trend of the world from the heart, from passive acceptance to active cognition. In the late Qing Dynasty, from the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War, the bankruptcy of the Westernization Movement, the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty and the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the image of British scholar-officials became microscopic and universal, and Britain was no longer the main object of China people's understanding and learning. The cognitive group of British image is no longer limited to the scholar-bureaucrats, and new intellectuals have become the main body to understand and know Britain. They analyzed the British society more rationally, analyzed the substantial gap between China and Britain, and further developed the British concept.