"Putuo Zongcheng" is the Potala Palace in Tibetan, rising step by step along the mountain, with great momentum and grandeur. The thirty-sixth year of Qianlong was the sixtieth birthday of Emperor Qianlong and the eightieth birthday of Empress Dowager. Leaders of ethnic minorities in the border areas gathered in Chengde to hold a grand birthday celebration, which formed an unprecedented situation of national unity.
In order to respect the beliefs of all ethnic groups and unite the people of all ethnic groups, Emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of this great temple. At that time, most ethnic minorities in the border areas admired Tibetan Buddhism.
Potala Palace is the center of Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhism claims that Potala Palace is the Dojo of Guanyin Bodhisattva.
It is said that Guanyin Bodhisattva has three Dojo: one in India, one in * * * and one in the South China Sea (Putuo Mountain in Zhejiang). Emperor Qianlong believed that Guanyin originated in India and later came to * * * as its homeland, so when building Guanyin Dojo, it was "imitation of * * *, not imitation of the South China Sea".
Putuo Zongcheng Temple was built on the basis of traditional Han architecture and combined with the characteristics of Tibetan architecture. It is a model of the integration of Chinese and Tibetan architecture. The layout of Putuo Zongcheng Temple is divided into three parts: the front part includes the mountain gate, the tablet pavilion and the five pagodas; The middle part includes a glazed archway, a white platform and a monk's room. Behind it is the main building Dahongtai, and there are other buildings around it, with a total scale of more than 60, surrounded by high walls connected by creeks, which surround the temple according to the ups and downs of the mountain.
Strolling through the five-hole stone bridge and entering the Tibetan mountain gate is a pavilion covered with yellow glazed tiles. There are three stones in the pavilion, which are divided into three parts: the inscription of the Zongcheng Hall in Putuo, the complete surrender of Turhut, and all the notes of the excellent Turhut Department, written in four languages: Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan.
Behind the pavilion is the Five Pagodas Gate. Five pagodas with white walls, three Tibetan blinds on the top and three arches on the bottom. There are five Lama pagodas at the top of the door, and a pair of big stone statues in front of the door, symbolizing the infinite power of auspiciousness and Mahayana Buddhism.
Go up the slope along Shiyong Road and cross the arch; Follow the steps until you reach the red platform of the main building. The total height of the red platform is 43m, the base18m and the plane10000m2. There is a 25-meter-high platform of purple palladium on this broad base, so it is called the red platform.
There are six blind windows on the wall, and there are six glass niches in the middle of the red platform, in which there is a big-longevity Buddha and many small-longevity buddhas. The downtown of Tai Chung Tai in Dahong is called "Wanfatang", which is a pyramid-shaped roof square hall with double eaves, covered with gold-plated fish scales, ridged beasts and bells.
There are more than two yellow 14000, and there are many bronze Buddha statues in the hall. Visiting Zongcheng Temple in Putuo can be said to be a symbolic visit to Potala Palace.
The 30th year of Qianlong (1770) is the 60th birthday of Qianlong, and the next year is the eightieth birthday of Queen Mother Niu Zuanlu. * * *, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Mongolia and other places, princes and ministers of all ethnic groups all asked to go to Chengde for their birthdays.
Qianlong attached great importance to these two grand occasions and ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs to build this temple in Chengde after imitating the Potala Palace, the former Tibetan political and religious leader. In the thirty-second year of Qianlong (1767), construction started in March, and it was originally planned to be completed in three years. Due to a fire in the later stage of construction, it was postponed to August of thirty-six years (177 1), covering an area of 2 1.
6 hectares. Putuo Zongcheng is a free translation of Potala in Tibetan, so the temple is also called Potala. Because it is smaller than Potala Palace, it is commonly known as Little Potala Palace.
The overall layout of Putuo Zongcheng Temple is similar to * * Potala Palace, with no obvious central axis, and its momentum is not as good as that of * * * Potala Palace, but its large area and large volume are unique to temples in the mainland. The plane layout of the whole temple is divided into two parts: the front part is located on the hillside and consists of buildings such as Baitai, Shanmen and Beiting; The back is located at the top of the mountain, with a red terrace and a house fortress.
According to the characteristics, it can be divided into three parts: the first part consists of mountain gate, pavilion, five towers gate and glazed archway; The second part is the white platform group, which consists of several large and small white platforms; The third part is red terraces. Baitai Group is in the shape of "*", with red terraces at the top and mountain gates, tablet pavilions, five pagodas and memorial archways at the bottom. This architectural layout is unique to Waiba Temple and China Temple.
2. How can I get to Building 6, Bifengmen Folk Culture Street, Shuangqiao District, Chengde City? Bus route: No.28, the whole journey is about 9.6km 1. Take bus No.28 from Chengde Medical College Station, pass 14 Station, and arrive at Fire Temple Station. 2. Walk about1.5km.. Driving route of Building 6, Bifengmen Folk Culture Street, Shuangqiao District, Chengde City: The whole journey is about 10.6km. Starting point: Chengde Medical College 65,438+0. From the starting point, drive 340 meters west and turn left 2. Drive 330 meters and turn right 3. Drive 50 meters and turn right 4. Drive for 3.9 kilometers and go straight into Chengwei Line 5. Drive along the Chengwei line for 2400 meters. Drive towards Pule Road/Yingbin Road/downtown, and turn left into Pule North Road. 6. Drive along Pule North Road for 2.6 kilometers, drive towards Lizhengmen Street/Shanzhuang East Road, and turn right slightly on the ramp. 7. Drive along the ramp for 260 meters and turn right into Laohugou Road. 8. Drive along Laohugou Road for 370 meters, take the third exit, drive in the direction of Lizhengmen Street/Shanzhuang Road, and turn left into Shanzhuang Road. 9. 10 Go straight into Lizhengmen Street. Drive along Lizhengmen Street for 330m, pass Wenmoxuan on the right for 60m, then turn right slightly and enter Shanzhuang South Road 1 1. Drive along Shanzhuang South Road for 550 meters, turn left slightly and enter Bifengmen Road at 12. Drive along Bifengmen Road for 860 meters, and then turn around.
Third, the history of chengde mountain resort chengde mountain resort is the Summer Palace of the Qing emperor in China.
0/80km from Beijing/KLOC-. It consists of a palace, a royal garden and a magnificent temple.
The summer resort is located in a narrow valley on the west bank of Wulie River in the north of Chengde City. The architectural layout of the resort can be roughly divided into two parts: palace area and garden area, and the garden area can be divided into three parts: lake area, plain area and mountain area. There are 72 scenes in Kangxi's reign.
There are temples, halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, halls, temples and other buildings 100. It is one of the three ancient buildings in China. Its biggest feature is that there are gardens in the mountains and mountains in the gardens.
[1] After the summer resort was completed, the Qing emperor spent a lot of time here every year to deal with important military and political affairs and meet foreign envoys and political and religious leaders of frontier ethnic minorities. A series of important events, important relics and cultural relics here have become the historical witness of the final formation of China's multi-ethnic unified country.
The summer resort and its surrounding temples are a closely linked organic whole, and at the same time have a strong contrast of different styles. The summer resort is quaint and elegant, and the surrounding temples are magnificent. This was one of the important measures taken by the Qing emperors to deal with ethnic relations.
Due to the historical and cultural heritage of many groups, the Summer Resort and its surrounding temples have become national key cultural relics protection units, one of the top ten scenic spots in China and one of the 44 scenic spots protection areas, and Chengde has thus become the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities in China. Summer resort, Summer Palace in Beijing, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou and Lingering Garden in Suzhou are also called the four famous gardens in China.
The first, second and third parts of the old TV series Princess Huanzhu were all filmed in chengde mountain resort, and the misty rain building in the villa is "Shufangzhai". 20 1 1 was listed as "Top 100 Tourist Attractions in China", ranking 6 1.
The summer resort, also known as Chengde Palace or Rehe Palace, is located in the north of Chengde city center in Hebei Province, where the Qing emperor used to escape the summer and handle government affairs. As Chen Yunhe wrote in the poem "chengde mountain resort": "In midsummer and severe winter, the A Qing court moved to Chengde, and the first emperor Jiangshan was transported back to Yue Yun Palace, and moved to the river to enjoy the cool summer. The imperial edict and the memorial moved to the nest together."
Summer resort is located in the north of Chengde city, on the narrow valley on the west bank of Wulie River, 230 kilometers away from Beijing. Founded in 1703, it took about 90 years to complete after the emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in Qing Dynasty.
Compared with the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Summer Resort is the largest existing ancient imperial palace in China, with its quaint and elegant mountain village style, taking the true colors of natural landscapes and absorbing the scenery in the north of the Yangtze River.
Chengde has a history of thousands of years. Chengde has a long history. As early as the Neolithic Age, primitive people lived there.
Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the central government has set up county, prefecture, prefecture and county administrative agencies in Chengde.
In the first year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, the Jehol Hall was set up; in the forty-third year of Qianlong, it was changed to Chengde House; in the fifteenth year of Jiaqing, it was set up.
After the Revolution of 1911, the official system was abolished and the Jehol Special Zone was established.
In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), its capital was the capital of Jehol province.
1933, Chengde was occupied by Japanese invaders, and the Puppet Manchukuo Special Administrative Region was established.
1945 liberated.
1946 our army shifted strategically and was occupied by the national party.
1948 Chengde was liberated again, which is under the jurisdiction of Jehol Province and is the capital of Jehol Province.
1955 abolished the organizational system of Jehol province, 1956 Chengde city was transferred to Hebei province. In September of the same year, it was changed to Chengde Special Zone.
1956165438+10, yingshouyingzi and shouwangfen in Xinglong county were placed under the jurisdiction of Chengde city, and yingshouyingzi mining area was established.
1958 Chengde county was revoked and merged into Chengde city.
1960 March 15, Chengde City was merged, and after the merger, Chengde City governed the urban area, the lower half of the city, Longhua County, Weichang County, Fengning County, Luanping County, Xinglong County, Qinglong County and Pingquan County.
196 1 May, Chengde was divided into states and cities. After the division, Chengde is divided into Cuiqiao District, Hongqiao District, Shuangta Mountain Area, Hongshiluan Working Committee and Shuangfeng Temple Working Committee.
1Feb. 965, Yingshouyingzi, Shouwangfen and Majianzi were re-assigned to Chengde City, and the Yingshouyingzi mining area was re-established.
1984 1 month, Chengde City was changed to a provincial city, with jurisdiction over Shuangqiao District, Shuangluan District, Yingshouyingzi Mining Area and Chengde County. Qinglong County was placed under Qinhuangdao.
In July 1993, 1, cities merged and implemented the management system of city governing counties, which governed eight counties and three districts.
Chengde, formerly known as Jehol, has a long history and rich multi-ethnic historical and cultural connotations. According to research, as early as the Longshan culture period in the Central Plains, there were traces of human activities here. During the Warring States period, Yan set up county-level places in this area, and all previous dynasties after Qin also set up county-level places. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qidan, Nuzhen, Mongolia and other ethnic minorities once nomadic here. Until the early Qing Dynasty, Chengde City was still a small village with only a few dozen families, called Shangheying. In the forty-second year of Kangxi (1703), the Qing court built a summer resort here, and in the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the Rehe Hall was set up, and in the eleventh year (1733), it was renamed Chengde House. This is the origin of the name Chengde. Since then, Chengde has gradually developed into a city with more lights than before. However, from Xianfeng's accession to the throne (185 1) to * * *, Chengde gradually declined and was desolate everywhere. After the Revolution of 1911, the official system was abolished and the Jehol Special Zone was established. Jehol Province was founded in 1929, and Chengde is the capital of Jehol. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Chengde moved from decline to rebirth. 1July, 993, the former Chengde city merged with Chengde area.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Why is the origin of Chengde Zisha Pearl called Zisha Pearl?
Chengde is a Danxia landform with red rocks, so it is called "purple"; Because Chengde is outside Gubeikou, it is also called the Great Wall, and because Chengde is a famous cultural city integrating mountains and rivers, ancient buildings, gardens and history, it is called "the Pearl of Zisai".
Cultural characteristics
Chengde was originally named "Harun Gao Lu" or "Harun Gole" in Mongolian, which is literally translated as "Jehol", so Chengde is also called Jehol. The land belongs to Harqin and Onniute Banner. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, there were only dozens of families' small mountain villages except Mongolian horse ranch, which were called camps on the Jehol. 1703, after Kangxi built a summer resort in Chengde, it was the place where the Qing emperor took a summer vacation or came here to patrol and hunt. Wulie River passes through the city.
With its magnificent scenery, unique charm and strong cultural atmosphere, Chengde has won the titles of "the hometown of photography in China" and "the photography base of photographers in China". In Chengde, there are a large number of famous heavyweight artists and their works in photography, painting, calligraphy and other categories. Paper-cut industry Paper-cut is the inheritance of Chengde traditional family culture and Manchu national art, which is spread all over Chengde counties, especially Fengning paper-cut. 1992 was named "Hometown of Chinese Paper-cutting" by the Ministry of Culture, and was listed in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in China in 2005.