East Germans (represented by Goths) once expanded to the west coast of the Black Sea and southern Europe. The existing early Gothic literature is mainly the remnants of the Bible, using a set of letters from the Greek alphabet. Gothic transliteration w into Greek υ or O υ. This w was later widely used in various Germanic languages and was called "Germanic V" (its sound value is V or W). /kloc-Goth disappeared in Crimea in the middle of the 6th century.

After East Germanic, West Germanic also separated from Germanic and evolved into English (brought to Britain by Anglo-Saxons in the 7th century), Friesian (formed in 1 1 century, mainly used in a province in northern Netherlands), Dutch (based on the dialect of Franks who entered the Netherlands in the 4th and 5th centuries) and Dutch. German is the product of "highland German sound change" in Germanic language around the 6th century. The main feature of this phonetic change is that the consonant becomes an affricate at the beginning of the word or when it appears repeatedly (after the vowel, it becomes an affricate), that is, p→f, t→z, K → CH; For example, Tehen in Gothic became Zehan in Highland German (Zehan in Modern German). Dutch has a variant of Afrikaans. There is a variety of German called Yiddish, which is used by Jews.

North Germanic language is called * * * language with Scandinavian language between 600 ~ 1050. Many of its features (especially its complex morphological changes) remain in Icelandic. Germanic languages in modern northern Europe developed after16th century, and there is great consistency between them (except Icelandic). The standard written language in Norway is even called "Danish-Norwegian", which is a prominent example. One of the characteristics of Nordic languages in writing is that five vowels are combined with several special inflectional letters, the latter being Y,? (For Denmark, Norway and Iceland; Made in Sweden? ), ═ (for Denmark and Norway; Sweden and Iceland? (Used in Denmark, Norway and Sweden). West Germanic language is used as sh or sch, while Nordic language is often used as sk (Table 2). The grammatical features of Nordic Germanic languages are: the possessive case of noun plus -s; Adjective comparative plus -r, superlative plus-ST; The definite article can be attached to the noun as a suffix; The unstressed form of the numeral "one" is used as an indefinite article. Of course, there are differences between these languages. For example, Norwegian and Swedish must add suffixes to nouns after definite articles, while Danish does not have to do so. Swedish uses the nominative case after "yes" and Danish uses the accusative case.