1October 27th,1938,65438, Fujiatan Coal Mine (Niu Tao Coal Mine Co., Ltd.) in Lingshi County, Shanxi Province was officially named "No.42 Factory of Shanxi Industry under the management of the army" and was under the jurisdiction of "Zhong Xing Company" which ruled Shanxi industry by the Japanese army. In February of the same year, after the Japanese army invaded Fujiatan mining area, more than 20 soldiers were sent to take over the coal mine. Ikeda and Watanabe were appointed as directors and deputy directors, and a Japanese puppet mine police force of more than 30 people was deployed, forcing local residents to repair mines, build camps and build bunkers, and recruiting more than 70 workers from Yangquan by means of deception, inducement and coercion. Production officially started at the end of the year.
1 June, 9431day, the Japanese army "lifted" martial law, and the forty-second factory was changed to Fujiatan Mining Institute, which belonged to Shanxi Charcoal Mine Co., Ltd., which was specially plundered by the Japanese army. Director Watanabe led 47 Japanese workers and/KOLOC-0/KOLOC-0/0 puppet army mine police (including 65438+ Japanese army) to increase production and plunder. On the one hand, the Japanese army constantly recruited workers from the occupied areas by compulsory means, and even forced captured China soldiers to dig coal underground, which gradually increased the number of miners (/KOLOC-0/939,350 people,/KOLOC- Bayonets, whips and sticks are used to force workers to risk their lives in coal mining under harsh living and production conditions. Cruel suppression of workers' resistance and struggle has caused a large number of workers to die tragically in accidents, diseases, knives and guns and torture.
During the Japanese army plundered the camp, in order to save mining costs, there were no safety facilities such as drainage, ventilation, support and lighting. Underground, there is no power equipment, mainly relying on manual picks and rakes. Workers work for as long as l2 to 16 hours a day. There is not enough coal, so you are not allowed to go out of the pit and eat. In addition, due to the residual correction coal mining method), that is, leaving a square coal pillar of 10 meter, mining around it for three meters, and then mining the residual coal pillar until the coal pillar collapses), coal pillar collapse and roof collapse often occur, and workers' lives are greatly threatened, their bodies are seriously damaged, and industrial accidents continue to occur; Many workers died tragically underground.
194 1 year1month, more than 50 workers were killed in the whole mine. In addition to the suffocation caused by roof caving in each pit, more than 100 people in the third pit were crushed to death by a large roof caving.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/942, the Japanese puppet army police used bayonets and whips to force 53 workers to dig coal in the new four pits with broken roof. The workers repeatedly asked for scaffolding, but the Japanese ignored it. As a result, the alley collapsed and killed five workers on the spot. In order to block the news, the Japanese army brutally closed the mine, and all the other 48 workers suffocated to death.
In mines under Japanese rule, workers live a slave life like cattle and horses. Living in a cave in an earthen kiln, narrow, crowded, damp and dirty; After eating the "mixed noodles" of sand, steamed bread, sorghum noodles and black bean cake porridge, I was not satisfied. I was dressed in rags and had no money to update, so I had to cover myself with lime paper and straw bags to keep out the cold. The salary is extremely low, and there is little left after the monthly income is removed from the food expenses and the head peeling. If it is not good, it will be in debt. Miners in Yangquan, Gaoping, Yangcheng, Jincheng, Lu 'an, Henan, Hebei and other places in Shandong Province who were coaxed into mines by the Japanese army because of famine in their hometowns were forced and squeezed by the Japanese army to do hard work. Many people were killed by hunger and disease, and even their families were ruined.
1942 Summer, Yangquan Wenheng went to work in the mine, and worked hard, still unable to support his family. Helpless, 12-year-old eldest son, Shuangquan, had to go down to work as a child laborer and earn half a catty of mixed flour every day. One day underground, the Japanese deliberately put their heads on wild cars to play; Hit Xiao Shuangquan, who was digging coal. Shuangquan reasoned with the Japanese army, but was beaten up. Even though he was hungry and sick, Wen Heng's fourth child died. In order to treat Shuangquan and the whole family, Wen Heng reluctantly sold his third daughter to Huo County. Shuangquan was forced to go to work before he recovered. Because there was no rice in the pot at home, Shuangquan went hungry to collect food in the wild after work (it was autumn harvest at that time), but unfortunately it was swept away by Fenhe River. The family searched everywhere and found it downstream a few days later. It was already a loose corpse. Such tragedies happen from time to time in mines.
1May, 945, there was a drought and typhoid fever broke out in the mining area. 80% workers are infected with this disease, the attendance rate of workers is greatly reduced, and the coal output is plummeting. In order to maintain production, the Japanese army brutally isolated and treated patients. They concentrated all the patients in an isolation room made of wooden boards, and watered them with carbolic acid water once a day for special disinfection. Results The patient's whole body rotted, and his condition worsened, and more than 0 people died every day/kloc-0. As the plague became more and more serious, the Japanese army tried its best to eradicate the disease, set up the dead head and corpse pulling team, and pulled the patients to the mass graves in Hongmiao Valley in the name of special first aid. In less than two months, over 500 workers died and were buried alive. Liang Zhifa, a retired worker in Fujiatan Coal Mine, is a survivor who was rescued after being buried alive with typhoid fever. Lao Liang got typhoid fever and was drenched by Shi carbonated water at the isolation station. The Japanese ordered the deceased to drag his head to Hongmiao Valley and bury it alive. Lao Liang struggled desperately and begged: I am not dead, I can still live, don't bury me alive! Lift his head with a whip, beat him up and say, "Now you can live again!" " ! Lao Liang was beaten unconscious. Afraid of catching typhoid fever, I left him in the pit, hastily buried some soil and left. In the evening, Lao Liang's wife went to the isolation center to deliver meals, but she couldn't find her relatives. She asked around and found that it had been pulled to the Red Temple Valley. She and her workmates and brothers came to the pit and looked for it for a long time before they found it. When their heart was still beating slightly, they quietly pulled it into a cave in the wild and hid it. After careful nursing, Lao Liang finally found his life.
In order to increase coal plunder, force workers to produce, suppress workers' resistance and struggle, gradually strengthen the mine police force and strengthen military management, the Japanese army set up three power grids around Fujiatan, set up sentries at the entrances and exits of Dongxishan and Fenhe, and set up secret service agencies, prisons and burning places in mining areas. Among the workers, Japanese undercover agents familiar with Chinese were sent; Formulated the "Labor Regulations", which stipulates that those who gather people to discuss privately and incite people will be sent to the mine police for investigation; With the eight-way fornication, intentional perpetrators, submitted to the special police team for investigation; Those who deliberately pretend to be sick and don't go to work don't eat; Violate the foreman's instructions, ignore those who are late for work, beat ...; The "leadership" system has been strengthened, and under the leadership of a large number of leaders, two leaders and supervisors have been added to implement class management and supervise labor. As long as the workers are slightly dissatisfied and behave abnormally, they will be tortured, killed, or escorted to the Red Department of Lingshi for execution.
194 1 autumn, 37 workers rose up and resisted because they could not bear the exploitation and oppression of the Japanese army, and were taken to Dayingpan prison by the Japanese special guard and tortured to death. /kloc-in the summer of 0/942, the miner Wang was unable to go to work due to illness. The Japanese deliberately pretended to be ill and disobeyed orders, dragged his head to the Hexi burning field, put firewood on it, poured gasoline on it and burned it alive. In the autumn of the same year, three miners fled together because of unbearable abuse, and the bridge was found and shot by the mine police.
1942, there was a famine in southeastern Shanxi, and Che Hongxi, a farmer, was recruited to trick his head into the mine to dig coal. He was tortured to death in less than two months, unable to get off the kang in into the pit, and was thrown into a mass grave in Hongmiao Valley by the Japanese army. Half a year later, my brother Che Shuangxi came to the mine to find his younger brother. When he learned that his brother had died tragically, he went to get even with him. Instead, he was arrested as a laborer and soon died tragically underground. After the death of the two brothers, his father Che Heidan went to the mine to expose the Japanese atrocities to the workers. The Japanese army tried to kill him on charges of inciting people and deliberately making trouble. With the help of all the workers, Che Heidan fled overnight and unfortunately died in Xishan.
1944, Guo Gou, a 50% villager who opened a restaurant in Fujiatan, was arrested by secret agents, put into sacks and sent back to the Red Department of Lingshi to be killed with bayonets. There was a couple who quarreled during the day and went to bed at night. The woman said, Go away, only to be heard by Japanese undercover agents. The next day, both of them were beheaded on charges of * * * seeking anti-Japanese. 1June, 945, a newly recruited worker, Wang Sanxi, walked a little slowly after the bell rang after work, which annoyed the head of the Japanese army. Beat him while walking, beat him unconscious, pulled him up and beat him until he was killed, and dragged his body to threaten other new workers. The remains of the dead miners excavated from mass graves have obvious gun holes and iron cracks on some skulls, which shows the brutality of the Japanese army.
In order to exploit workers, paralyze workers' resistance, and maintain their own rule, the Japanese army opened smoking rooms, casinos, and * * courtyards in the mining area in the name of restoring the spirit of labor and broadening workers' lives, which led many workers to go astray and go to a more painful abyss.
From1February 1938 to1August 1945, the Japanese army plundered 1030600 tons of coal. More than 200 workers in Fujiatan Coal Mine/KLOC-0 died tragically under the bloody Japanese policy of exchanging people for coal and the butcher's knife, forming three mass graves in Hongmiaoyu, Dongshan and Nantou.